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An Act for rendering more effectual an Act made in the Fourteenth Year of the Reign of His Majesty for promoting the Discovery of a Method for finding the Longitude at Sea so far as relates to the Encouragement and Reward of Persons making lesser Discoveries for finding the same or making other useful Discoveries and Improvements in Navigation; and to the making of Experiments relating thereto.

1777réf. 599Anno Regni GEORGII III REGIS Magnae Britaniiae Franciae & Hiberniae DECIMO SEPTIMO. At the Parliament Begun and holden at Westminster the Twenty-ninth Day of November Anno Domini 1774 in the Fifteenth Year of our Sovereign Lord GEORGE the Third by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith. FIRST EDITION 4 1039-1042 woodcut coat of arms on title woodcut floriated initial text in black letter unbound folio 320 x 200mm London Charles Eyre and William Strahan 1777 This important act emphasised the Government's dedication to improving general science and navigation by offering rewards to those who could find an accurate method for determining longitude at sea. The first Longitude Act of 1714 was Parliament's response to the loss of 2000 lives in 1707 when four British navy ships ran aground after miscalculating the longitude. The Act offered prize money of £10000 reduced from £20000 for a reliable and accurate method of determining longitude at sea. Research and related experimentation were also encouraged and award money was made available for lesser discoveries and specific improvements. The competitions attracted the skill and imagination of the greatest scientific minds and mariners of the time. The most prominent and successful competitor was John Harrison 1693-1776 who received disbursements of £22000 over a period of 35 years for his brilliant discoveries and invention of the marine chronometer. This was however not without a struggle for recognition. The marine chronometer was quicker but the preferred avenue of institutionalisation was the Lunar Distance Method. The Lunar Distance method was a method to determine longitude using certain astrological measurements and specific corrections marked in yearly almanacks. The Act of 1765 put caveats and conditions on the original act of 1714 and included stipulations that applied specifically to Harrison. It even named him in the opening language and described the current status of his contrariety with the board. Only with the relentless championing from his son and the personal intervention of King George III Harrison was awarded the monetary prize he was due. The Longitude Act 1777 reiterated specific goals of the program as revised by the 1774 Longitude Act and approved an additional £5000 for continued research work and experimentation and for awards to recognize lesser contributory discoveries as approved by the Commissioners of the Board of Longitude. The Longitude at Sea program was successful in multiple ways and facilitated important advances in mathematics astronomy horology navigation and Arctic exploration. Over the life of the program a total of £53000 in prize money was awarded to more than sixty participants. Charles Eyre and William Strahan

Bruce Marshall Rare Books · Royaume-Uni1 500,00 £GB≈ 1 785,12 €

ACTS OF PARLIAMENTBiblio.com

North West Passage An Act for giving a publick Reward to such Person or Persons His Majesty’s Subject or Subjects as shall discover a North West Passage through Hudson’s Streights to the Western and Southern Ocean of America

1745réf. 583Anno Regni GEORGII II REGIS Magnae Britaniiae Franciae & Hiberniae DECIMO OCTAVO. At the Parliament Begun and holden at Westminster the First Day of December Anno Domini 1741 in the Fifteenth Year of our Sovereign Lord GEORGE the Second by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith. FIRST EDITION 2 483-486 woodcut coat of arms on title woodcut floriated initial text in black letter folio 320 x 200mm London Thomas Baskett 1745 The third Act to be published on the Northwest Passage the act of 1745 offered the enormous sum of £20000 for the discovery of a north-west passage providing that they were a British subject. The preamble to the Act stated the expected economic benefits of the discovery of the passage and that it would be "a great encouragement to adventurers" to offer a prize. The allocated sum was £20000 to be paid to the owners of the first ships to successfully make such a passage. The Board of Longitude existed from 1714 until 1828 after the original Act of Parliament was passed in 1714. First added to in 1741 the act was subsequently amended or repealed and replaced on numerous occasions until the Board was dissolved by Act of Parliament in 1828. This Act established a group of commissioners to determine the validity of any claims and restricted the scope of the Act to only apply to British subjects. It further required all British subjects to provide help and assistance to the explorers when necessary. In setting a hefty monetary reward and promoting the potential benefits to society this act of Parliament likely intensified the Northwest Passage fervour and motivated explorers to venture deep into the Arctic. When the Act was extended in 1775 and the reward reiterated Cook took up the mantle leading to his third voyage. Thomas Baskett

Bruce Marshall Rare Books · Royaume-Uni1 500,00 £GB≈ 1 785,12 €

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