Sciences occultes

Sciences occultes — marelibri

Bechtel Nevada Geothechnical Sciences GroupBiblio.com

Geology at the Nevada Test Site; Official Use Only

2004Best.-Nr. 88259Las Vegas: Bechtel Nevada Geothechnical Sciences Group 2004. Version 1.0. CD in a plastic box. Very good. This CD is not meant to be a rigorous discussion of geologic methods a lengthy discussion of the role of geology in the containment of nuclear explosions or an in-depth treatise on the geology of the NTS. However through the use of the information presented in conjunction with the materials cited a geologist should find sufficient information to enable interaction with the other disciplines involved to support the successful execution of an underground nuclear test. GEOLOGY: THE PRACTICE PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF THE TEST AREAS The ultimate goal of any nuclear test is to obtain desired data safely with no release of radiation to the atmosphere. This section describes what geologists do to help assure that these goals are met. Geologists provide essential input to the safe conduct of underground nuclear explosions in support of site selection test-bed construction and in furthering the understanding of the role of geology in successful containment. GEOLOGY AND CONTAINMENT This section presents a summary of the history of nuclear testing with emphasis on events that led to the advent of underground testing a description of the phenomenology of an underground nuclear explosion and a discussion of containment evaluation. These subjects are presented to describe how the testing community came to realize that it was necessary to understand the geologic setting of each underground test location and are not meant to be a primer on containment. This Compact Disc CD has been designed to familiarize the user with the arts and sciences of Geology as performed at the Nevada Test Site NTS and to provide an overview of the physical geology found at the historic nuclear testing areas. This was prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. It is understood that the contents no longer meet the criteria for Official Use Only. As part of its efforts to demonstrate transparency about its work in late November 2023 the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration NNSA welcomed 13 non-governmental experts on arms control and nonproliferation to its Nevada facilities including parts of the Nevada National Security Site NNSS outside Las Vegas. NNSS hosts a variety of nonproliferation projects in large part focused on the ability to detect low-yield nuclear explosions around the world. The visitors saw P Tunnel the site of an October 2023 nonproliferation experiment using chemical non-nuclear explosives and radiotracers as well as other sites supporting nonproliferation efforts. The group visited the Principal Underground Laboratory for Subcritical Experimentation PULSE formerly called the U1a Complex. PULSE is where U.S. subcritical experiments are conducted. The visitors also saw locations involved with the Stockpile Stewardship Program which the United States started in 1992 when it ended nuclear explosive testing. Due to the program's success in Nevada and at NNSA's national laboratories the United States has no identified technical need to conduct additional nuclear explosive tests and no plans to do so. Instead of nuclear explosive testing the program relies on specialized facilities supercomputers subcritical experiments and technical experts to ensure the safety security reliability and effectiveness of the U.S. nuclear stockpile. During an NNSA-led visit of non-governmental experts on arms control and nonproliferation to the Nevada National Security Site they stopped by the Big Explosives Experimental Facility. The NGO group also visited the Icecap site at NNSS. Icecap was constructed for a nuclear explosive test set for 1993 but never carried out after the U.S. testing moratorium. The United States hasn't tested since 1992 and has no plans to do so. Before visiting the site NNSA hosted discussions related to NNSA operations specifically Stockpile Stewardship and nonproliferation projects along with U.S. support for the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization CTBTO PrepCom. The United States has a long history of transparency as the NNSA Administrator highlighted in her June 2023 keynote remarks at the CTBT Science and Technology 2023 Conference. At NNSS the experts were immersed in the history of U.S. nuclear explosive testing and shown sites where atmospheric and underground nuclear explosions took place. They also visited the Principal Underground Laboratory for Subcritical Experimentation PULSE formerly known as the U1a Complex site of U.S. subcritical experiments a key effort to maintain the safety security and effectiveness of the stockpile without nuclear explosive testing. Some also visited the Atomic Museum in Las Vegas which preserves and fosters public accessibility to the history associated with the former Nevada Test Site and the nation's nuclear weapons program. The transparency visit included representatives from the Arms Control Association Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Center for Strategic & International Studies Federation of American Scientists Harvard Kennedy School Middlebury Institute of International Studies National Academy of Sciences Nuclear Threat Initiative Open Nuclear Network and Ploughshares Fund. It followed a similar April 2023 transparency visit to NNSS by CTBTO PrepCom Executive Secretary Dr. Robert Floyd. Bechtel Nevada Geothechnical Sciences Group unknown

Ground Zero Books · Vereinigte Staaten250,00 $≈ 222,92 €

Setlow, Richard (Task Group Chair) and National Research Council, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and ApplicationsBiblio.com

Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions; Biological Issues and Research Strategies

1996Best.-Nr. 88096Washington DC: National Academy Press 1996. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Good. The format is approximately 8.25 inches by 10.75 inches. xii 75 1 pages. Illustrated front cover. Some red ink marks noted. Figures. Tables. References. This is one of the National Academies Compass Series. Astronauts who venture beyond the protection of Earth's atmosphere and magnetosphere risk exposure to levels of radiation far exceeding those on Earth. Of all the risks this one is probably the most straightforward to control—by providing adequate shielding. However because shielding adds weight cost and complexity to space vehicles it is very important for designers to have a good quantitative understanding of the risk and its degree of certainty. This report assesses our understanding of radiation hazards in space. It also considers the additional research needed to reduce the areas of uncertainty research that must be completed prior to undertaking the detailed design of a vehicle carrying crew members into space for periods of extended exposure. The report finds that it will take more than a decade of research to answer even the narrowest set of key questions. The nation has backed away from a specific timetable for human exploration of the moon and Mars. Yet it seems plausible that such expeditions will be mounted sometime in the first quarter of the 21st century especially given the recent resurgence of interest in possible life on Mars from the study of meteorites. It becomes clear when the lengthy time scale of the research is also taken into account that the present report is indeed timely and should receive prompt consideration by NASA planners. NASA's long-range plans include possible human exploratory missions to the moon and Mars within the next quarter century. Such missions beyond low Earth orbit will expose crews to transient radiation from solar particle events as well as continuous high-energy galactic cosmic rays ranging from energetic protons with low mean linear energy transfer LET to nuclei with high atomic numbers high energies and high LET. Because the radiation levels in space are high and the missions long adequate shielding is needed to minimize the deleterious health effects of exposure to radiation. The knowledge base needed to design shielding involves two sets of factors each with quantitative uncertainty—the radiation spectra and doses present behind different types of shielding and the effects of the doses on relevant biological systems. It is only prudent to design shielding that will protect the crew of spacecraft exposed to predicted high but uncertain levels of radiation and biological effects. Because of the uncertainties regarding the degree and type of radiation protection needed a requirement for shielding to protect against large deleterious but uncertain biological effects may be imposed which in turn could result in an unacceptable cost to a mission. It therefore is of interest to reduce these uncertainties in biological effects and shielding requirements for reasons of mission feasibility safety and cost. National Academy Press paperback

Ground Zero Books · Vereinigte Staaten75,00 $≈ 66,87 €

National Academy of Sciences, National Research CouncilBiblio.com

Damage to Livestock from Radioactive Fallout in Event of Nuclear War; A Report by the Subcommittee on Livestock Damage of the Advisory Committee on Civil Defense National Academy of Sciences--National Research Council

1963Best.-Nr. 85741Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences National Research Council 1963. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Good. vi 93 1 pages. Tables. Formulae. Appendixes. References. Index. This is Publication 1078. Cover has some wear and soiling and a small blacked over portion on the top right of the front cover. The contents includes discussions of the Subcommittee's approach effects of external ionizing radiation on farm animals Effects from ingestion of fission products internal exposure to Gamma and Bata Rays. effects of contact with radioactive materials animals and poultry as sources of food exposure of marine life sterility sexual genetic and embryologic effects protective considerations form husbandmen and research needs along with several appendixes. This publication is a condensed review of the available literature concerning the effects of radioactive fallout upon animals under varying situations. Its main purpose is the estimation of the usability of animal tissue for human consumption in a time of disaster due to a nuclear attack. Material is presented in a clear concise manner with no literary embellishment. The reader need not be an atomic scientist to fully comprehend the facts as stated although there are adequate formulas and calculations given to interest readers knowledgeable in physical science. The text progresses step by step through several species of animals and the effects of gamma and beta radiation upon their systems. Clinical and post-mortem findings are clearly outlined. The main fission by-products such as Iodine-131 and Strontium-90 and their toxic effects are discussed. Sterility along with other considerations of reproduction is considered because of the need for replacement stock particularly after a nuclear disaster. Therapy feeding practices and protective considerations for the husbandmen are reviewed. The final chapter is most worthy of the research communities' consideration. It deals with research needed to fill out the complete picture of nuclear fallout and its effects on animals. Urgently needed information in both the physical and biological areas is listed. Four appendixes are added which enlarge and explain in greater detail methods for computing fallout and its uptake by different tissues. Eighteen pages of references offer the reader a wide area for library exploration in addition to making the report a valuable reference. This book can be recommended to both scientist and layman and especially to anyone dealing with research animals or those produced for consumption as food. From a review in American Journal of Public Health 54 no. 1 January 1964 by Clifford H. Eby. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council paperback

Ground Zero Books · Vereinigte Staaten150,00 $≈ 133,75 €

National Research Council of the National Academies, Division of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Committee on the Effects ofBiblio.com

Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons

2005Best.-Nr. 83994Washington DC: The National Academies Press 2005. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Very good. xii 134 pages. Illustrations some in color. Letter from the Study Director to a Department of Energy official providing copies laid in. Table of Contents includes: Front Matter; Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 Hard and Deeply Buried Targets; 3 Earth-Penetrator Weapons; 4 Effectiveness of Nuclear Weapons Against Hard and Deeply Buried Targets; 5 Fallout and Tools for Calculating Effects of Release of Hazardous Materials; 6 Human and Environmental Effects; 7 Conventional Weapons; 8 Uncertainty in Estimates of Effects; 9 Conclusions; Appendix A: Committee and Staff; Appendix B: Agendas; Appendix C: Equivalent Yield Factors for Energy Coupling; and Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations. An earth-penetrating weapon EPW is the nuclear equivalent of the conventional bunker buster. The non-nuclear component of the weapon is designed to penetrate soil rock or concrete to deliver a nuclear warhead to an underground target. These weapons would be used to destroy hardened underground military bunkers or other below-ground facilities. An underground explosion releases a larger fraction of its energy into the ground compared to a surface burst or air burst explosion at or above the surface and so can destroy an underground target using a lower explosive yield. This in turn could lead to a reduced amount of radioactive fallout. However it is unlikely that the explosion would be completely contained underground. As a result significant amounts of rock and soil would be rendered radioactive and lofted as dust or vapor into the atmosphere generating significant fallout. Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status however many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons EPW. Recently an engineering feasibility study the robust nuclear earth penetrator program was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about among other things the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue the Congress in P.L. 107-314 directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions. The National Academies Press paperback

Ground Zero Books · Vereinigte Staaten125,00 $≈ 111,46 €

National Research Council, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, Committee on the Atmospheric Effects ofBiblio.com

The Effects on the Atmosphere of a Major Nuclear Exchange

1985Best.-Nr. 81567Washington DC: National Academies Press 1985. Presumed first edition/first printing. Trade paperback. Good. ix 1 . 193 1 p. References. Diagrams. Maps. Illustrations. Index. Cover has some wear and soiling. Signed by Colin S. Gray on front cover! Colin S. Gray December 29 1943 - February 27 2020 was a British-American writer on geopolitics and professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading where he was the director of the Centre for Strategic Studies. In addition he was a Senior Associate to the National Institute for Public Policy. Gray was educated at the University of Manchester and the University of Oxford. He worked at the International Institute for Strategic Studies and the Hudson Institute before founding the National Institute for Public Policy in Washington D.C. He also served as a defence adviser both to the British and U.S. governments. Gray served from 1982 until 1987 in the Reagan Administration's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament. He taught at the University of Hull the University of Lancaster York University the University of Toronto and the University of British Columbia. Gray published 30 books on military history and strategic studies as well as numerous articles. Most of the earth's population would survive the immediate horrors of a nuclear holocaust but what long-term climatological changes would affect their ability to secure food and shelter This sobering book considers the effects of fine dust from ground-level detonations of smoke from widespread fires and of chemicals released into the atmosphere. The authors use mathematical models of atmospheric processes and data from natural situations-e.g. volcanic eruptions and arctic haze-to draw their conclusions. This is the most detailed and comprehensive probe of the scientific evidence published to date. National Academies Press paperback

Ground Zero Books · Vereinigte Staaten85,00 $≈ 75,79 €

Sciences occultes

Sciences occultes

Jahrhundert

Sprache

Land des Anbieters

Fotos

Hinzugefügt

Themen

Kataloge

Jahrhundert

Sprache

Land des Anbieters

Fotos

Hinzugefügt

Themen

Kataloge

Jahrhundert

Sprache

Land des Anbieters

Fotos

Hinzugefügt

Themen

Kataloge