Tear

1900 · ref. 23885 — 1900. Women textile workers photo archive depicting Jacquard weaving and related mechanized textile production c. 1900 documenting an industrial technology directly connected to the development of programmable computation. Two photographs show women at Jacquard looms where large harness assemblies permit the selective control of warp threads required for figured weaving. The Jacquard system used sequences of punched cards to determine which warp cords were raised during successive passes storing instructions outside the loom mechanism. Charles Babbage adopted the punched card principle for his Analytical Engine in 1836 and Ada Lovelace in her 1843 Notes on the Analytical Engine compared its manipulation of mathematical operations to the Jacquard loom's weaving of figured patterns. Photo archive 4 silver gelatin photographs mounted on cardstock c.1900-1930. Two photographs show women seated at Jacquard looms enclosed by tall wooden frames supporting dense arrays of harness cords descending toward the warp; the punched card chains themselves are not visible in these views. A third shows a woman standing beside a monumental warp creel filled with scores of individually wound yarn packages each feeding thread through a corresponding guide. The fourth shows two women attending a broad industrial textile machine identified with Bruno Knobloch who patented a thread feeding device for flat warp knitting machines and a Jacquard device for warp knitting machinery. The four photographs document distinct pieces of equipment with women operating supplying and monitoring each machine. Textile manufacturing employed more women than any other industrial sector in Europe and the United States during this period and the Jacquard loom in particular was operated predominantly by women in both domestic workshops and factory settings. Jacquard demonstrated his punched card controlled loom in 1801. The women pictured here worked inside the industrial system Lovelace pointed to: textile production organized around the controlled selection of threads repeatable sequences of mechanical operations and machinery capable of translating predetermined instructions into complex physical patterns. Light fading and tonal variation with scattered surface and mount wear; overall in good condition. unknown books