2625 resultados
ref. 14568Collection of 3 chromolithographic prints from The Illustrated History of Costume : period styles and accessories by Albert Racinet published by Firmin Didot & Cie in Paris in 1888. Titled: PERSIA - PERSE- PERSIEN. 7 ½" x 8 ¾". These lithographs beautifully depict Persian costumes and interior décor from Iran. In the first lithograph we can see 10 men and one woman dressed in the various traditional Qajar attires of Iran. The second lithograph shows the beautiful interior décor including very intercate and vibrant Persian rugs elaborately scrolled door and window frames of a Kajar residence. The third lithograph captures five musicians playing various instruments and four women dancers. In very good condition. unknown books
ref. 14371Original engraving of Arab Costumes from the 1740s. Published in 1748. This rare engraving is from "Description de l´Univers." By Allain Manesson Mallet. Engraving depicts two men proudly wearing different Arabic costumes with mountains in the background. One wears a buttoned tunic kandura bisht overcoat pointed shoes and large turban with a decorative cane and his hand rests in his belt. The other wears a decorative collared kandura bisht overcoat pointed shoes and tall hat with long scarf coming from the hat. Decorative banner on top states "Arabes." Overall page size is 10" x 7.25." Image size is 5.5" x 7.5." Overall in very good condition. unknown books
ref. 14586Two original antique steel costume engravings of a Persian Iran Royal Officer and Noble woman printed in 1864. Overall size: 9" x 12.5." The plate illustrations are brightly colored and intricately detailed characterization of the traditional costumes of a Persian Royal Officer and Noble woman. In the engraving of the Royal Officer titled "Khatchadour D'hohannes: Officier du Prince Royal de Perse" his attire entails a vibrant green coat with gold trimmings which covers a gold-colored ensemble with a purple sash that stores his dagger. In the engraving of the Persian Woman titled "Dame Persane" she is depicted in traditional costume as imagined by Europeans in the 1800's. The woman is shown leaning against a banister wearing an embroidered white satin gown with a pink silk and fur trimmed coat and a feathered headdress. General age related toning. Overall both prints are in very good condition. unknown books
1830ref. 249172London: Dobbs and Co 1830. Hargraves artist. 1 vols. 8vo. Bound in half later polished calf rubbed. Plates generally clean some with minor foxing. Hargraves artist. 1 vols. 8vo. Dobbs and Co unknown books
1860ref. 36183Paris: Typographie de Firmin Didot Frères Fils & Cie 1860. Fifth edition. Extensively illustrated with woodcut illustrations text in Italian and French. 1 vols. Thick 8vo. Three parts bound as one volume. Later half-green morocco front wrapper of each part bound in. Darkened some rubbing especially of raised bands on spine some light offsetting and light marginal discoloration else very good. Fifth edition. Extensively illustrated with woodcut illustrations text in Italian and French. 1 vols. Thick 8vo. Hiler p. 873; Lipperhaide 25; Colas 2980 Typographie de Firmin Didot Frères Fils & Cie unknown books
1850ref. 008248Paris France: Ancienne Mon Aubert 1850. Book. Very good condition. Hardcover. First Edition. Quarto 4to. Two volumes containing a total of 365 beautifully hand-colored plates depicting the historic dress of villagers from various countries. Minor foxing to numerous plates occasionally entering into the image but mostly confined to the margins. Plates measure 103/8 inches 264mm in height. Bound in hardcover library cloth with unobtrusive stamps to top and bottom edge of closed pages with bookplates and stamps confined to the endpapers with no markings on the plates. Plates are titled at the top in French assigned a number and are given a brief description below the image. Many of the plates are credited at the bottom as "Musee Cosmopolite" while others are credited as "Musee de Costumes." Each is identified as having been printed by Aubert. Many of the artists are identified by their signature in the plate. There is no text associated with this publication. Volume I: Allemagne Germany 20 plates; Espagne Spain et Portugal 31 plates; Italie Italy 42 plates; France 86 plates. Volume II: Belgique et Hollande Belgium & Holland 4 plates; Suisse et Tyrol Swiss/Switzerland 25 plates; Russie Russia 37 plates; Turquie Egypte Grece Turkey Egypt and Greece 60 plates; Algerie Algeria/Africa 33 plates; Amerique America 27 plates. The American plates depict natives of Mexico Peru Argentina Paraguay and Uruguay. First edition. Ancienne Mon Aubert Hardcover books
1812ref. D4264Nüremberg: n.p. 1812. Hardcover. Very Good. Volume 5 of 6 8vo 195 x 116mm. 6 244pp. 17 full-page copper engraved plates each plate with two scenes all hand-colored. Period calf backing pastepaper boards morocco lettering piece. Interesting German 19th century book of costumes habitation and manners in the Middle East Northern Europe and Africa; complete with the original 17 hand-colored plates. This multi- national study included depictions of dress of men and women who were Scottish Greek Japanese Thai Chinese Patagonian Russian Hindu Siberian Algerian and Tibetan among more. A detailed description for each plate is in the text with observations for the traversed area. Interest for observation of the Oriental lands produced much travel literature in the 19th century. All full-page hand-colored costume and scenic plates are beautifully preserved in fresh colors and impressions. n.p. hardcover books
1820ref. D6906N.p. but Germany possibly Liechtenstein c. 1820. Hardcover. Very Good. 4to 245 x 165mm. A compilation of 73 brightly colored watercolors many with manuscript captions in German some are dated for the costume all clipped and mounted into book and illustrating the costumes and attributions of court officials knights Templar Tartar costume St. George on horseback German orders of nobility also for Spain France Holland Italian Turkish Egypt and Babylon and other various orders as in Order of the Garter in England and France and religious dress of ordained and lay members of various orders including German Italian Spanish and Cistercian Carmelite Carthusian Capuchin and Franciscan monks. Also Jesuit pilgrims and sisters of the Benedictine Sylvestrine and Cistercian among other lesser-known orders and historical figures such as Leopold III of Austria and Louis III of Tremoilles. Early 19th-century half calf over imitation silk cloth-covered boards and decorative endpapers spine with label COSTUME; some light foxing most severe at beginning otherwise the colors remaining extraordinarily fresh and bright. Armorial bookplate from the Princely house of Liechtenstein on front pastedown. Unique compilation of 73 expertly executed hand-colored watercolors of various religious knightly and official orders with a bookplate of the royal arms of Liechtenstein. Each figure is executed with extraordinary talent and is superbly hand-colored in a range of washes; many of these costumes have changed very little and have a history stretching back to medieval times. In the twentieth century an interest in costume and fashion books was spurred on by the dawning Victorian age in England in the 1830s which then spread to the continent. Each picture in this unique set is an individual work of art full of expression and with strikingly attractive faces and gestures. The expert attention given to each work of art strongly suggests this book was a maquette for a larger print-run of a souvenir book of costumes. Captions are in German and early provenance points to possible creation in the principality of Liechtenstein. One can think of the principalitys official motto For God Prince and Fatherland and see how all these official garments best represent a history of European court and important religious connections for an established royal line such as Liechtenstein. Perhaps this book was once in the royal home of the Johann I Joseph Prince of Liechtenstein who had fourteen children and it may have belonged to his son Prince Friedrich Adalbert 1807-1885 who later became the 1018th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria. With interesting connections to the royal house of Liechtenstein and 73 examples of hand-colored historic costumes this truly is a unique survival. hardcover books
1900ref. 40351Weissenburg im Elsas: Druck u. Verlag v. C. Burckardt's Nachf 1900. A very good copy light toning colors vibrant. 1 sheet. Chromolithograph. 33.5 x 43 cm 13 1/4 x 17 inches. Template for the construction of a Japanese infantry cap on thin cardboard. Many such military related items were printed during the German Imperial period. C. Burckhardt Nachfolger was a successor firm to Imagerie Wentzel and one of the largest producers of paper lithographic items. Druck u. Verlag v. C. Burckardt's Nachf unknown books
ref. 9875COLUMBUS LILLEY 1926. SCARCE FIRST EDITION VERY GOOD. F. COLUMBUS, LILLEY, 1926 unknown books
1902ref. 221072Japan. Meiji 35 1902. Delicate manuscript scroll on washi finely painted in colour and black and white 28 x 475cm. A little occaisonal browning. Very good. Dating from March 1902 this beautifully illustrated scroll extends to almost 500cm depicting ceremonial costumes in fine delicate lines and subtle colours. The garments generally known as suikan 水干 date from the Heian period 794–1192. Detailed notes accompany the illustrations describing sizes cuts folds textiles and colours while further drawings show some of the textile weaves. Ceremonial accessories including a bow arrows and hats are also illustrated in colour. The scroll was copied from a manuscript whose source is not recorded. . unknown
1928ref. 54848Paris: Librairie Henri Leclerc / L. Giraud-Badin 1928. Large paperback. xvi340 pp.: 57 plates with ill.; 28x19 cm. Uncut mostly unopened. slightly browned small signs of use Very good see pictures Librairie Henri Leclerc / L. Giraud-Badin paperback
1928ref. 33146Paris: Librairie Henri Leclerc / L. Giraud-Badin 1928. Paperback. xvi340 pp.: 57 plates with ill.; 28x19 cm. Uncut unopened. sl. browned Very good. Librairie Henri Leclerc / L. Giraud-Badin paperback
1800ref. ABC_465751800. ca. 28.2 x 20.1 cm. Green sheepskin with gilt single fillet and blind tooled decorative panel on boards spine with gilt- and blind-tooled ornaments in 6 compartments board edges gilt marbled endpapers. 24 pp. An attractive and finely preserved anonymous album containing 24 original watercolour drawings depicting men and women in traditional Dutch dress and regional costumes. Each drawing is executed on paper bearing the watermark of J. Honig & Zoonen active 1765-1836 placing the album within the late 18th- or very early 19h-century fascination with documenting national identity local customs and traditional clothing.The unsigned and untitled album presents a colourful and detailed survey of Dutch costume portraying figures from different social backgrounds regions and occupations. The carefully observed costumes headwear accessories and attributes provide a valuable visual record of everyday life in the Netherlands at a time when many regional dress traditions were beginning to disappear under the influence of changing fashions and increasing urbanisation.The 15 female and 9 male figures are shown not merely as costume studies but often in connection with their social role or profession. Several figures are accompanied by characteristic objects and attributes including a woman carrying a broom another holding a book and ruler figures with folded linen hat boxes or a fish basket male figures are depicted with hay birds a dog a farmer carrying a rake a cheese seller and a man holding a telescope.The bright palette decorative quality and attention to regional details make this album an appealing example of the early 19th-century European tradition of costume albums produced for travellers collectors and those interested in the customs and appearance of different peoples.The binding shows some wear the leather is rubbed and slightly worn at extremities with some occasionally light foxing. Otherwise in good condition. ART ARCHITECTURE & PHOTOGRAPHY DRAWINGS PRINTS & WATERCOLOURS LOW COUNTRIES Art & Art History Costumes Fashion & Uniforms Drawings & Watercolours Netherlands hardcover
1787ref. ABC_49498The Netherlands The Hague 1787. 8vo. Contemporary marbled paper wrappers sewn through 4 holes. Kept in a custom burgundy cloth case with a leather label on the spine lettered in gold. With 6 full-page numbered engraved plates vividly coloured by a contemporary hand. 16 pp. Second copy located of the second edition of an extremely rare work on 18th-century Central European military costumes. The work was first published in folio format in The Hague in 1742 with the title referring to the Central European soldiers in the service of the "Queen of Hungary" meaning Maria Theresa 1717-1780 ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 1740 until 1780 and the "King of Prussia" meaning Frederick II the Great in/of Prussia 1712-1786. The title of the present second edition refers to the "Emperor" and the "King of Prussia" most likely meaning Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II r. 1780-1790 and either King Frederick II r. 1740-1786 or King Frederick William II r. 1786-1797. Thus the second edition was probably published after 1780 and possibly in 1787. Two English/French editions were published in 1742 and 1743 in "London" possibly meaning The Hague by Guillaume Meyer.The present copy contains 6 beautifully contemporary hand-coloured engravings of Central Europeans in their military costumes. They show: 1. Hallas Peter a Colonel of a corps of Hungarian nobles on horseback; 2. Captain of the Croats; 3. a Croat soldier; 4. a Slavonian from a historical region in present-day Croatia; 5. an officer of the Ulans also Uhlans originally Lithuanian irregular cavalry later generally meaning a lancer in service of the King of Prussia; 6. ordinary Ulan a lancer.With the book plate of F.C. Koch on the inside of the front wrapper. Wrappers slightly frayed and slightly faded minor foxing throughout the title page is slightly browned. Otherwise in very good condition.l STCN 240071050 1 copy; WorldCat 894593905 1 copy same as STCN; cf. for the first edition: Lipperheide 2224; Colas 2410. ABE CAT Costumes & Uniforms ART ARCHITECTURE & PHOTOGRAPHY EUROPE MILITARY HISTORY Central Europe Costumes Fashion & Uniforms Military History 18th Century hardcover
1804ref. E5UG7Z4OCT3NLeipzig 1804. 16mo in 8s 14 x 10.5 cm. Friedrich August Leo Original publisher's paperboards printed from an engraved plate and hand-coloured each board with a costume scene in a decorated frame with caricature faces also with faces and decorations on the spine green paste-downs. With 2 stiff coated leaves at the end apparently intended for writing with a stylus. With 12 numbered engraved plates by Friedrich Wilhelm Nettling all coloured by a contemporary hand each showing several figures in carnival costumes. 31 1 blank pp. Very rare first and only published part of a series of hand-coloured carnival costume plates each of the 12 with a letterpress description in German and French. Only plates 9 and 10 bear the name of the German draughtsman and engraver Friedrich Wilhelm Nettling best known for his portrait of Bach but all may have been engraved by him. The mostly comical or farcical plates illustrate a fairy with her entourage a Chinese man Don Quixote and Sancho Panza a group of beast people and many other extraordinary figures. Two figures in one plate wear funnels as hats like the Tin Man in The Wizard of Oz. Besides the 12 plates in the booklet itself the engravings on the boards show two male figures gymnasts one in a clown-like costume on the front and a dancing woman with a tambourine on the back.With some minor stains and the front of the binding slightly damaged in the lower margin and lower right corner spine cracked. Good copy.l Baumgärtel Die Almanache Kalender und Taschenbücher 1750-1860 der Landesbibliothek Coburg p. 32; Köhring 111; WorldCat 633348944 465355875 3 copies; not in Colas; Hiler; Lanckoronska & Rümann; Lipperheide; for Nettling: Thieme & Becker XXV p. 400. ABE CAT Costumes & Uniforms ART ARCHITECTURE & PHOTOGRAPHY BOOK HISTORY & PRINTING DRAWINGS PRINTS & WATERCOLOURS Almanacs Caricature & Satire Costumes Fashion & Uniforms hardcover
1720ref. 9AHF2VYD4ZB1Augsburg 1720. Each mounted in a later passe-partout with a gold border in an ebonized wooden frame with a gilt lip glazed 23.5 x 20.5 cm. Four drawings in brown ink watercolour and coloured gouaches on vellum highlighted with gold each 5.9 x 9.0 cm. A matching set of four lovely and delicate watercolour drawings each depicting a young lady in a fancy German costume drawn and painted on vellum by the Augsburg artist Catharina Sperling Heckel 1699-1741. She learned painting and drawing from her father the Augsburg goldsmith Michael Heckel engraving from Johann Ulrich Kraus and married the engraver Hieronymus Sperling 1695-1777 in 1725. It is not clear whether she made these drawings shortly before or shortly after her marriage. She is best known for her ca. 1728 miniature portrait of Charles Edward Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie the young pretender to the English throne. She never recovered from the birth of her first child in 1741 dying within a few weeks. Each drawing shows a young German lady wearing a long gown and a cap or bonnet but one also carries a hat. The four drawings differ in the style of the gowns and other elements.In very good condition. With a few small chips in the paint of the frame. Lovely watercolour costume drawings of four young German ladies perhaps from a court wedding in the free Imperial city of Augsburg.l Cf. Thieme & Becker XVI pp. 208-209. ABE CAT Costumes & Uniforms ART ARCHITECTURE & PHOTOGRAPHY DRAWINGS PRINTS & WATERCOLOURS EUROPE Costumes Fashion & Uniforms Germany Women History hardcover
1888ref. 145681888. Collection of 3 chromolithographic prints from The Illustrated History of Costume : period styles and accessories by Albert Racinet published by Firmin Didot & Cie in Paris in 1888. Titled: PERSIA - PERSE- PERSIEN. 7 ½" x 8 ¾". These lithographs beautifully depict Persian costumes and interior décor from Iran. In the first lithograph we can see 10 men and one woman dressed in the various traditional Qajar attires of Iran. The second lithograph shows the beautiful interior décor including very intercate and vibrant Persian rugs elaborately scrolled door and window frames of a Kajar residence. The third lithograph captures five musicians playing various instruments and four women dancers. In very good condition. unknown
1864ref. 145861864. Two original antique steel costume engravings of a Persian Iran Royal Officer and Noble woman printed in 1864. Overall size: 9" x 12.5." The plate illustrations are brightly colored and intricately detailed characterization of the traditional costumes of a Persian Royal Officer and Noble woman. In the engraving of the Royal Officer titled "Khatchadour D'hohannes: Officier du Prince Royal de Perse" his attire entails a vibrant green coat with gold trimmings which covers a gold-colored ensemble with a purple sash that stores his dagger. In the engraving of the Persian Woman titled "Dame Persane" she is depicted in traditional costume as imagined by Europeans in the 1800's. The woman is shown leaning against a banister wearing an embroidered white satin gown with a pink silk and fur trimmed coat and a feathered headdress. General age related toning. Overall both prints are in very good condition. unknown
1748ref. 143711748. Mallet Allain Manesson. "Arabes" 1748 presents two male figures identified as Arabs through the conventions of European geographical and costume illustration derived from Mallet's Description de l'Univers. Mallet's original work first published in Paris in 1683 combined maps city views portraits and images of dress with accounts of the customs religions and governments attributed to different nations; its second volume treated Asia. The engraving records the visual vocabulary through which Arab clothing and appearance were presented to European readers within this encyclopedic geographical tradition. Mallet Allain Manesson. "Arabes." 1748. Engraving. Overall page 10" x 7.25"; image 5.5" x 7.5". Beneath a decorative banner lettered "Arabes" two standing men wear contrasting garments against a mountainous landscape. One wears a buttoned tunic overcoat pointed shoes and a large turban; he holds a decorative cane while resting his other hand at his belt. The second wears a decorated collared tunic beneath an overcoat pointed shoes and a tall head covering from which a long length of fabric descends. The paired figures allow differences in headwear garment ornament and accessories to be compared within a single composition. The plate derives from an illustrated geographical work conceived by Mallet a French military engineer and mathematics teacher whose Description de l'Univers organized contemporary geographical knowledge alongside images of the "divers habillemens" of different peoples. The "Arabes" composition therefore records an eighteenth-century European printed conception of Arab dress rather than serving as direct ethnographic documentation of a specific Arab population or locality. Overall very good condition. The combination of costume detail and explicit ethnic captioning documents how Arab peoples were visually categorized for European audiences in early modern geographical publishing. unknown
1720ref. 143601720. Atlas historique engraving of Persian costume and customs 1720 records an early eighteenth-century European presentation of dress military equipment horsemanship and tobacco use in Persia during the late Safavid period. Rather than presenting a single landscape or event the plate assembles male and female costume hairstyles turbans footwear weapons armor horses and smoking implements into a comparative visual survey. Its attention to cavalry equipment and what the accompanying description calls the "militia and their weapons" and the "offensive and defensive" equipment worn by soldiers at war documents the categories through which European geographical publications described Persian society and military culture. Atlas historique. Description of Persia and Persian costumes. 1720. Sheet size 51 x 43 cm. The engraving contains numerous individual figures and objects arranged for comparison including four men in different Persian costumes women in period dress examples of female hairstyles turbans and shoes and representations of tobacco smoking and pipes including a hookah. Military subjects include armor weapons cavalry horses an elaborate bow and equestrian equipment. The combination of human figures with separately illustrated articles of clothing arms and personal equipment allows individual elements of Persian dress and material culture to be examined across the sheet. Published in 1720 the engraving dates to the final years of Safavid rule when European atlases and geographical compilations increasingly combined maps with images and written accounts of the peoples clothing military practices and customs of regions beyond Europe. Here Persian men and women cavalry weapons tobacco consumption and dress are organized as subjects of geographical and ethnographic description providing evidence of how Persia was visually classified for an early eighteenth-century European audience. The detailed renderings of costume armor weapons horses hairstyles and smoking implements also preserve period representations of material culture associated with Safavid Persia. Very good condition. unknown
1960ref. 31312S.l. París s.a. ca. 1960.- Son 22 fotografías sueltas y numeradas seguidas relativas a la moda de hombres y mujeres en Francia en el siglo XVII; 8º menor apaisado 13 x 18 cm.; Revelado en blanco y negro brillo.- Cada fotografía vale 3 euros pero se venden como colección conjunta al precio indicado a pie de ficha. MODAS ALTA COSTURA BELLEZA Y COSMÉTICA Libro en español Sin editorial paperback
1860ref. 36183Paris: Typographie de Firmin Didot Frères Fils & Cie 1860. Fifth edition. Extensively illustrated with woodcut illustrations text in Italian and French. 1 vols. Thick 8vo. Three parts bound as one volume. Later half-green morocco front wrapper of each part bound in. Darkened some rubbing especially of raised bands on spine some light offsetting and light marginal discoloration else very good. Fifth edition. Extensively illustrated with woodcut illustrations text in Italian and French. 1 vols. Thick 8vo. Hiler p. 873; Lipperhaide 25; Colas 2980 Typographie de Firmin Didot Frères Fils & Cie unknown
1912ref. 64707New London OH: The Ward-Stilson Co. 1912. Folio. 10.25 x 13.75 in. 129 1 pp. With 100’s of text illustrations & plates many w/ colour-tinting or in full printed colour. Red cloth-backed red softcovers raised & embossed blue & gilt lettering on front cover cover illust. of Thomas Wildey mounted on front cover minor edgewear slight bumping to couple corners shelfwear still a VG bright copy w/ TL dittoed ordering letter to Odd Fellows Secretary about ordering from this catalogue on engraved letterhead and additional leaf of premiums also laid-in. First edition thus of this lavish Edwardian costume and regalia catalogue for the Odd Fellows. The I.O.O.F. was an altruistic fraternal organization closely related to the Freemasons in ritual and regalia yet devoted to assisting those in need and built homes for seniors and orphaned children across the country. Reconstituted after being severely depleted during the Civil War the Odd Fellows became by 1912 the largest fraternal organization in the United States with more members than the Masons and had over 3.5 million members worldwide. Their ritual work was noted for their elaborate morality plays and extensive uses of scenery magic lanterns music and even reproductions of the Ark of the Covenant and Incense Altars. The automaton Self-Playing automatic harps were quite elaborate and fascinating musical machines and this catalogue illustrates several models. This catalogue encompasses 100s of costumes necessary for ritual degree work including those for past Grand Right Supporters Noble Grand Vice Grand Chaplain Warden Herald Conductor Scene Supporter Inner Guard King Saul Jesse Good Samaritan High Priest and others. Also included are swords -- some with inlaid hilts bugles horns jewels hand-painted scenery landscapes magic lanterns for projection ledgers banners and even lighting systems. Ward & Stilson originally bought a lodge rosette business in 1891 which quickly grew into one of the largest suppliers of fraternal order regalia in the country. No copies located in Worldcat; See: Foskett History of New London. The Ward-Stilson Co., paperback
ref. 375607Unframed Print. Very Good Condition. A finely hand coloured steel engraving titled Costumes Hollandais - Amiral De Winter - Pichegru engraved by Reville and Couche after designs by Lacauchie and Couche and issued in 1835. The plate is divided into two registers: the upper scene headed France Militaire presents a pair of Dutch regional figures a woman of Zeeland and a man of the Zuiderzee depicted in richly detailed traditional costume. Below are two half length portrait medallions of Revolutionary era military figures: the Dutch born French admiral Jan Willem de Winter and the celebrated general Charles Pichegru. Typical of early 19th century French composite engravings the sheet combines picturesque ethnographic costume with notable military personalities reflecting both popular taste and the eclectic editorial practices of Parisian printmakers of the period. A bright attractive example of mid 1830s hand coloured steel engraving. An original 1835 hand coloured engraving. Mounted in a dark green surround total size 29.5 x 42 cms the print is 13 x 20 cms approx. and is ready for framing. Text is in French. Category: Antiquarian & Rare; French Language; PRINTS : Historic Interest; New Arrivals; French Language; Special Interest. This item may require more postage than the rates shown for delivery outside the UK. If extra postage is required we will contact you before processing your order and you will be given the details and option to decline the extra cost. unknown