LENARD, P (PHILIPP). - THE LENARD WINDOWBiblio.com
435.630 Ergebnisse
1894Best.-Nr. 43650Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1894. Without wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann." Neue Folge Bd. 51 No. 2. Entire issue offered. Pp. 225-416 a. 2 plates. Lenard's paper: pp. 225-267 a. 1 arge folded lithographed plate showing the apparatus. Clean and fine. First appearance of Lenard's importent paper on cathode rays for the work on which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1905."After many experiments with aluminium foil of various thickness he was able to publish in 1894 the paper offered his great discovery that the plate of quartz that had until then been used to close the discharge tube could be replace by a thin plate of aluminium foil just thick enough to maintain the vacuum inside the tube but yet thin enough to allow the cathode rays to pass out. It thus became possible to study the cathode rays and also the fluorescence they caused outside the discharge tube and Lenard concluded from the experiments that he then did that the cathode rays were propagated through the air for distances of the order of a decimetre and that they travel in a vacuum for several metres without being weakened. Although Lenard at first followed Hertz in believing that the cathode rays were propagated in the ether he later abandoned this view as the result of the work of Jean Perrin in 1895 Sir J.J. Thomson in 1897 and W. Wien in 1897 which proved the corpuscular nature of the cathode rays."Nobel Prize.org.Shiers "Early Television" no 239. unknown
1852Best.-Nr. 43564Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1852. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Dritte Reihe Bd. 26, Achtes Stück.(= Heft No. 8 of 1852). (The entire issue (No. 8) offered). Titlepage to vol. 26. Pp. 501-600. Helmholtz's paper: pp. 501-523. Clean and fine.
1852Best.-Nr. 43564Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1852. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff" Dritte Reihe Bd. 26 Achtes Stück.= Heft No. 8 of 1852. The entire issue No. 8 offered. Titlepage to vol. 26. Pp. 501-600. Helmholtz's paper: pp. 501-523. Clean and fine. First appearance of this founding paper in the modern theory of colour in which Helmholtz proved the surprising fact that there are only two among the colours of the spectrum yellow and indigo-blue which together yields pure white that is are complementary to each other whereas their combination had always been supposed to produce green."Helmholtz turned to the intricate problems of color vision in 1852 with an attack on Sir David Brewster's new theory of light. Brewster had maintained the objective reality of three primary colors by supposing in opposition to Newton that there exist three distinct kinds of light each of which excites in the eye one of the sensations red yellow or blue. Helmholtz regarded the theory as still another confusion of physical stimulus and subjective responce.He also revived Young's theory of color visoin.only to refute it. He had discovered that spectral colors when mixed always yield a duller color of less-than-spectral saturation. Therefore the whole idea that all colors may be obtained from mixtures of three primary colors must be incorrect he concluded for the spectral colorss at least can never be obtained in their full saturation by mixing any three of their number.Although Helmholtz dismissed Young's theory in 1852 by 1858 he had changed his mind and become its formost advocate. In order to save Ypoung's theory.Helmholtz asumed that Young's physiological primaries are not spectral colors att all but colors of far greater-than-spectral saturation."DSB VI pp. 246-247. Garrison & Morton 1508. unknown
1885Best.-Nr. 1074080Danzig, 1885. 93, (3) S. (Wiss. Beilage zu dem Programm d. Städt. Gymnasiums). RBr.
1878Best.-Nr. 45034Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1878. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 3, 2. Heft. Pp. 161-320 a. 1 folded plate. (entire issue offered). Helmholtz' paper: pp. 201-216. With titlepage to volume 3.
1878Best.-Nr. 45034Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1878. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann." Neue Folge Bd. 3 2. Heft. Pp. 161-320 a. 1 folded plate. entire issue offered. Helmholtz' paper: pp. 201-216. With titlepage to volume 3. First apperance - in full - of this importent paper in which for the first time the 2 laws of thermodynamics were applied to electrical phenomena. Parts of the paper were published already in 1877."In 1877 Helmholtz attempted to predict theoretically the electromotive force of a galvanic cell for different concentrations of a salt solution. Under certain conditions the cell can be treated as a reversible cycle and the laws of Carnot and Clapeyron applied to it. The theory was in substantial agreement with experimental data by James Moser."DSB. - The Moser-paper confirming Helmholtz theory is printed here on pp. 216-219 taken from Monatsberichte der Berl. Akad. 1877."In his work 'On Galvanic Currents' Helmholtz was the first to apply the two laws of thermodynamics to electricity. In order to keep up a current of electricity through any conductor it is necessary to expend a certain amount of chemical or mechanical work; the supply of positive electricity in the positive end of the conductor must be perpetually renewed in order to oppose the repulsive force of the positive electricity there accumulated and the same holds for the negative electricity at the negative end."Koenigsberger "Hermann von helmholtz" pp. 309-12. unknown
1909Best.-Nr. 1506119Halle - Wittenberg, 1909. 35 S. Br.
1842Best.-Nr. 44147(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1842). Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Ergänzungsband 1, Stück 2. Pp. 193-384 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (The entire issue offered). Henry's paper: pp. 282-312.
1842Best.-Nr. 44147Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1842. Without wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff" Ergänzungsband 1 Stück 2. Pp. 193-384 a. 1 folded engraved plate. The entire issue offered. Henry's paper: pp. 282-312. First German version of Henry's description of his discovery of self-induction. He missed the credit for the discovery of induction to Faraday but he had done the key experiment ahead of Faraday but Faraday was the first to publish. But he is credited for the discovery of self-induction 1832 and Faraday discovered it independently two years later 1834."In Henry's paper however he explained thet the electric current in a coil can induce another current not only in another coil but in itself. The actual current observed in the coil is then the combination of the original current and the induced current. This is called self induction."Isac Asimov.The issue contains further notable papers Michael Faraday's "Vierzehnte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität" § 2o-22. Nos 1667-1748. Pp. 249-281. First German version. In this paper FARADAYamplifies his theory of electrostatic induction by making further use of the analogy with the induction of magnetism. Whittaker describes the paper as having "THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION OF ELECTROSTATICS" as modified in order to take into account the effect of the specific inductive capacity."Whittaker I pp.187-89. unknown
1822Best.-Nr. 43751Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1822. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie. Hrsg. Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 71. Titlepage to vol. 71, pp. 124-171 a. pp. 172-176 and 1 folded engraved plate showing experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.
1822Best.-Nr. 43751Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1822. Without wrappers as extracted from "Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie. Hrsg. Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 71. Titlepage to vol. 71 pp. 124-171 a. pp. 172-176 and 1 folded engraved plate showing experimental apparatus. Clean and fine. First German edition of Faraday's famous paper "On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. 1821" recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century as Faraday here as the very first showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT thus creating the first electric motor using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of "LINE OF FORCE" and hereby deliniating "a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types one that was more subtle flexible and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein after an interval of another halfcentury."Asimov."Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820 editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real Did the theories fit the facts It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction.Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey.His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821 when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the "electrical conflict" surrounding the wiree and had noted that "this conflict performs circles".Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper "On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion and on the Theory of Magnetism" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the "Quarterly Journal of Science" The paper offered in the first German edition. It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force."DSB IV pp. 533. unknown
1853Best.-Nr. 43449Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1853-54. No wrappers. ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vol. 89, No 8 and vol. 91 No 2 a. 4. Pp. 497-628, pp. 161-320 a. pp. 497-628 a. 1 folded plate. (3 entire issues offered). Clausius's papers pp. 568-579 (vol. 89, ""Heft"" 8) a. pp. 601-604 (vol. 91,""Heft"" 4). Helmholtz paper: pp. 241-260 (vol. 91, ""Heft"" 4). With titlepages to both volumes 89 a. 91. All three issues clean and fine.
1834Best.-Nr. 45159(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834). Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 31, No 5. Pp. 65-80.
1853Best.-Nr. 43449Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1853-54. No wrappers. "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff" Vol. 89 No 8 and vol. 91 No 2 a. 4. Pp. 497-628 pp. 161-320 a. pp. 497-628 a. 1 folded plate. 3 entire issues offered. Clausius's papers pp. 568-579 vol. 89 "Heft" 8 a. pp. 601-604 vol. 91"Heft" 4. Helmholtz paper: pp. 241-260 vol. 91 "Heft" 4. With titlepages to both volumes 89 a. 91. All three issues clean and fine. First printing of the 3 main papers in the famous Helmholtz-Clausius controversy about the principle of the "Conservation of Energy". His reply to Clausius contains very importent additons to his conservation law as it clarifies his use of the concepts of "energy" "vis viva" "electrical tension" "potentials" etc.Helmholtz famous work Über die Erhaltung der Kraft" from 1847 gave the first comprehensive statement of the first law of thermodynamics: All modes of energy heat light electricity and all chemical phenomena are capable of transformation from one to the other but are indestructible and cannot be created. Clausius in the papers offere critized helmholtz on his theory of heat over the consistency of the physical interpretation and of the use mathematics. He argued that Helmholtz's demonstration of his conservation law was valid only for Helmholtz's particulat model of matter and that he had not understood the notion of the potential. This criticism lead Helmholtz expand and clarify the central concepts of physics importent steps in the history of theoretical physics. unknown
1834Best.-Nr. 45159Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1834. Without wrappers. Extracted from "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff" Bd. 31 No 5. Pp. 65-80. First printing of the paper in which Runge discloses his discovery of carbolic acid or phenol and how he prepared it by distilling coal.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1834 C. - Partington IV pp. 183-84. unknown
1863Best.-Nr. 45072Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1863. Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 120, No.11. Pp. 337-512 a. 2 plates. (Entire issue offered). Clausius' paper: pp. 426-452. With titlepage to volume 120.
1831Best.-Nr. 43326Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1831. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine with gilt lettering. A few scratches to binding. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 21. VIII,630,22 pp. and 6 engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Small stamps to verso of titlepage and plates. Liebig's paper: pp. 1-42. Internally fine and clean.
1884Best.-Nr. 44837Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1884. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 22, 5. Heft (= No 5). Pp. 1-144 a. 1 folded plate. (entire issue offered). Boltzmann's papers: pp. 31-39 a. pp. 39-72
1854Best.-Nr. 43057Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. No wrappers as extracted from: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 93, No. 12). Pp. 481-506. Clean and fine.
1854Best.-Nr. 44808Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. No wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 93, No 12 (entire issue offered). Titlepage to vol. 93. Pp. 481-632. Clausius's paper pp. 481-506.
1854Best.-Nr. 46907Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. Contemp. marbled boards. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 93,). Entire volume offered. Two stamps to titlepage. X,632 pp. and 4 folded engraved plates. Clausius's paper: pp. 481-506. Internally clean and fine.
1898Best.-Nr. 48742Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1898. Contemp. hcloth, A small nick to boards on frontcover. Light wear to spine ends. Gilt lettering to spine. A stamp to verso of title-page. In Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Neue Folge, Band 64. VIII,(2),812 a. 2 plates. Röntgen's papers: 1. pp. 1-11, pp. 12-17 a. pp. 18-37. Internally clean and fine.
1898Best.-Nr. 48027Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1898. Contemp. hcalf, spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Some scratches to spine and corners bumped and with wear. Some scratching to boards.Stamps to titlepage and one leaf. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"", Neue Folge, Band 64. VIII,(2),812 a. 2 plates. (Entire volume offered). Röntgen's papers: 1. pp. 1-11, pp. 12-17 a. pp. 18-37. Internally clean.
1884Best.-Nr. 44837Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1884. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann." Neue Folge Bd. 22 5. Heft = No 5. Pp. 1-144 a. 1 folded plate. entire issue offered. Boltzmann's papers: pp. 31-39 a. pp. 39-72 First appearance of an importent paper in which Boltzmann followed up his theoretically confirmation of Stefan's experimental findings - the "Stefan-Boltzmann law" - by combining the Second Law of Thermodynamics with the theory of the pressure of radiation. unknown
1854Best.-Nr. 43057Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1854. No wrappers as extracted from: "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff" Vierte Reihe Bd. 3 = Poggendorff Bd. 93 No. 12. Pp. 481-506. Clean and fine. First printing of this milestone paper in thermodynamics which together with his paper from 1850 established the second law of thermodynamics. In the offered paper Clausius introduces the symbol T for the universal function of temperature a 1 and he introduces the concept of "entropy" the greek word for 'transformation' but without using the word Clausius introduced the word later in 1865 he calls this new theorem "the principle of the equivalence of transformations". This principle paints a dramatic picture of the end of the world the so-called "heath-death of the universe"."Entropy on the other hand of the complementary experience of water seeking its own level of hot bodies cooling of springs untensing of magnetism wearing off and electrical charges leaking away of a destiny suchThat no life lives forever; - That dead men rise up never; that even the weariest river Winds somewhere safe to sea: a world getting old and running down."Gillespie in "The edge of Objectivity" p. 400-01."Clausius discovered that if he took the ratio of the heat content of a system and its absolute temperature this ration would always increase in any process taken place in a closed system. A closed system is one that loses no energy to the outside world and gains no energy from it. With perfect efficiency which is never realized in the real world of course the ratio would remain constant but i would never under any circumstances decrease."Asimov. - Parkinson: Breakthroughs 1854 C. unknown