Abraham LincolnBiblio.com
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1863réf. 010765Washington DC 1863. Wraps. Very good. Lincoln Abraham. Message of the President of the United States communicating in answer to a resolution of the Senate correspondence on the subjects of mediation arbitration or other measures looking to the termination of the existing civil war. 37th Congress 3d Session. Ex. Doc. No. 38. Washington D. C.: 1863. Complete with 16 pages. Tipped into a white heavy paper wrapper. In nice shape. This pamphlet contains transcripts of diplomatic correspondence forwarded by President Lincoln from and to Secretary of State William H. Seward regarding attempts to negotiate peace via diplomacy through France. . The Lincoln administration and Secretary of State William H. Seward were aware diplomatic maneuvers by the Confederacy with France. The letters and papers included in this pamphlet make it clear to French Minister in Washington Henri Mercier and the U.S. Minister to France William L. Dayton that the U.S. would interpret any foreign recognition of the Confederacy as an act of war. Furthermore crucial Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in July 1863 thoroughly undermined any European case for Confederate viability prompting Napoleon III to shift his focus entirely to his intervention in Mexico. . unknown
1863réf. 010765Washington DC 1863. Wraps. Very good. Lincoln Abraham. Message of the President of the United States communicating in answer to a resolution of the Senate correspondence on the subjects of mediation arbitration or other measures looking to the termination of the existing civil war. 37th Congress 3d Session. Ex. Doc. No. 38. Washington D. C.: 1863. Complete with 16 pages. Tipped into a white heavy paper wrapper. In nice shape. This pamphlet contains transcripts of diplomatic correspondence forwarded by President Lincoln from and to Secretary of State William H. Seward regarding attempts to negotiate peace via diplomacy through France. . The Lincoln administration and Secretary of State William H. Seward were aware diplomatic maneuvers by the Confederacy with France. The letters and papers included in this pamphlet make it clear to French Minister in Washington Henri Mercier and the U.S. Minister to France William L. Dayton that the U.S. would interpret any foreign recognition of the Confederacy as an act of war. Furthermore crucial Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in July 1863 thoroughly undermined any European case for Confederate viability prompting Napoleon III to shift his focus entirely to his intervention in Mexico. . unknown books
1864réf. 24901.02"with the same determination to divide the country unless they can secure universal abolition we are exposed to the same dangers every day and God only knows in what unlucky hour our ruin may be consummated. Compare his policy with McClellan's expression of readiness to receive any State when its people offer to submit to the Union." This Democratic Party campaign pamphlet quotes an April 1864 letter to argue that Lincoln gave Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant free rein to conduct the war after having interfered with and micromanaged McClellan's Peninsula Campaign in 1862. The publication also declared that Republicans were stained with "The Taint of Disunion" and quoted from Republican speeches and editorials to insist that the Democrats were the party of "UNION AND PEACE." ABRAHAM LINCOLN.Printed Document. Democrat Campaign "Document No. 12" with headings "Lincoln's Treatment of Gen. Grant" "Mr. Lincoln's Treatment of Gen. McClellan" and "The Taint of Disunion." New York 1864. 8 pp. 5¾ x 8â… in. Excerpts: Lincoln to Grant April 30 1864 "I wish to express in this way my entire satisfaction with what you have done up to this time so far as I understand it. The particulars of your plans I neither know nor seek to know. You are vigilant and self-reliant; and pleased with this I wish not to obtrude any restrains or constraints upon you while I am very anxious that any real disaster or capture of our men in great numbers be avoided." p1/c1 "Such in brief are some of the most notable instances in which Mr. Lincoln interfered with General McClellan when he occupied a position similar to that held by General Grant. They reflect so severely upon the President that no attempt to gloss them over by his apparent subsequent repentance can disabuse the patriotic portion of the nation of the matured conviction that he is to be held responsible for the lack of decisive victories in Eastern Virginia. The blame must and will rest upon him to whom it belongs." p5/c2 "Having shown by copious extracts from the speeches of Abraham Lincoln W. H. Seward Wendell Phillips Wm. Lloyd Garrison and from the editorial writings of the Chicago Tribune and the N. Y. Tribune… that they were all original secessionists and disunion men we propose now to give the evidence that Mr. Lincoln himself has within the last three months been concerned in a movement to make peace with Jeff. Davis on terms involving the direct proposal to divide the Union and let the South go." p7/c2-p8/c1 "with the same determination to divide the country unless they can secure universal abolition we are exposed to the same dangers every day and God only knows in what unlucky hour our ruin may be consummated. Mark how Mr. Lincoln constantly keeps up the idea of negotiating only with Jefferson Davis. Why does he never address himself to the people or the States of the South. Compare his policy with McClellan's expression of readiness to receive any State when its people offer to submit to the Union." p8/c2 Historical Background The 1864 presidential election pitted President Lincoln against his Democratic challenger General George B. McClellan. Although McClellan had been the commander of the Army of the Potomac and general-in-chief of the Union Army the Peace platform adopted by the Democratic National Convention in Chicago declared the war a failure. The party was bitterly divided between War Democrats who favored continuing the war to restore the Union while leaving slavery alone; moderate Peace Democrats who favored an armistice and a negotiated peace that would likely protect slavery in a reconstructed union and radical Peace Democrats who favored an immediate end to the war without securing Union victory. McClellan was a War Democrat but the platform was written by radical Peace Democrat Clement Vallandigham and Peace Democrat George H. Pendleton was nominated for vice president. In 1864 Republicans created the National Union Party to attract War Democrats Unconditional Unionists and Unionist Party members who would not vote for the Republican Party though most state Republican parties did not change their name. President Abraham Lincoln won the nomination of the "National Union Party" at its Baltimore convention and won re-election with new running mate War Democrat Andrew Johnson. Although Lincoln was convinced by August 1864 that he would not be reelected General William T. Sherman's capture of Atlanta in early September and General Philip Sheridan's successes in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia from August to October ensured his victory. Without the participation of the seceded states Lincoln and Johnson won 55 percent of the popular vote and an overwhelming 212-to-21 victory in the Electoral College. McClellan and Pendleton carried only Kentucky Delaware and McClellan's home state of New Jersey.
1864réf. 24901.02"with the same determination to divide the country unless they can secure universal abolition we are exposed to the same dangers every day and God only knows in what unlucky hour our ruin may be consummated. Compare his policy with McClellan's expression of readiness to receive any State when its people offer to submit to the Union." This Democratic Party campaign pamphlet quotes an April 1864 letter to argue that Lincoln gave Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant free rein to conduct the war after having interfered with and micromanaged McClellan's Peninsula Campaign in 1862. The publication also declared that Republicans were stained with "The Taint of Disunion" and quoted from Republican speeches and editorials to insist that the Democrats were the party of "UNION AND PEACE." ABRAHAM LINCOLN.Printed Document. Democrat Campaign "Document No. 12" with headings "Lincoln's Treatment of Gen. Grant" "Mr. Lincoln's Treatment of Gen. McClellan" and "The Taint of Disunion." New York 1864. 8 pp. 5¾ x 8â… in. Excerpts: Lincoln to Grant April 30 1864 "I wish to express in this way my entire satisfaction with what you have done up to this time so far as I understand it. The particulars of your plans I neither know nor seek to know. You are vigilant and self-reliant; and pleased with this I wish not to obtrude any restrains or constraints upon you while I am very anxious that any real disaster or capture of our men in great numbers be avoided." p1/c1 "Such in brief are some of the most notable instances in which Mr. Lincoln interfered with General McClellan when he occupied a position similar to that held by General Grant. They reflect so severely upon the President that no attempt to gloss them over by his apparent subsequent repentance can disabuse the patriotic portion of the nation of the matured conviction that he is to be held responsible for the lack of decisive victories in Eastern Virginia. The blame must and will rest upon him to whom it belongs." p5/c2 "Having shown by copious extracts from the speeches of Abraham Lincoln W. H. Seward Wendell Phillips Wm. Lloyd Garrison and from the editorial writings of the Chicago Tribune and the N. Y. Tribune… that they were all original secessionists and disunion men we propose now to give the evidence that Mr. Lincoln himself has within the last three months been concerned in a movement to make peace with Jeff. Davis on terms involving the direct proposal to divide the Union and let the South go." p7/c2-p8/c1 "with the same determination to divide the country unless they can secure universal abolition we are exposed to the same dangers every day and God only knows in what unlucky hour our ruin may be consummated. Mark how Mr. Lincoln constantly keeps up the idea of negotiating only with Jefferson Davis. Why does he never address himself to the people or the States of the South. Compare his policy with McClellan's expression of readiness to receive any State when its people offer to submit to the Union." p8/c2 Historical Background The 1864 presidential election pitted President Lincoln against his Democratic challenger General George B. McClellan. Although McClellan had been the commander of the Army of the Potomac and general-in-chief of the Union Army the Peace platform adopted by the Democratic National Convention in Chicago declared the war a failure. The party was bitterly divided between War Democrats who favored continuing the war to restore the Union while leaving slavery alone; moderate Peace Democrats who favored an armistice and a negotiated peace that would likely protect slavery in a reconstructed union and radical Peace Democrats who favored an immediate end to the war without securing Union victory. McClellan was a War Democrat but the platform was written by radical Peace Democrat Clement Vallandigham and Peace Democrat George H. Pendleton was nominated for vice president. In 1864 Republicans created the National Union Party to attract War Democrats Unconditional Unionists and Unionist Party members who would not vote for the Republican Party though most state Republican parties did not change their name. President Abraham Lincoln won the nomination of the "National Union Party" at its Baltimore convention and won re-election with new running mate War Democrat Andrew Johnson. Although Lincoln was convinced by August 1864 that he would not be reelected General William T. Sherman's capture of Atlanta in early September and General Philip Sheridan's successes in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia from August to October ensured his victory. Without the participation of the seceded states Lincoln and Johnson won 55 percent of the popular vote and an overwhelming 212-to-21 victory in the Electoral College. McClellan and Pendleton carried only Kentucky Delaware and McClellan's home state of New Jersey. books
1867réf. 000793IPSWICH MASSACHUSETTS MA. Good. 1867. On offer are five handwritten manuscript journals all having belonged to the Caldwell family who lived in Massachusetts one of the diaries 1870 has the name Ezra S. Vieyes written in it. A casual reading does not determine where Ezra fits in with the Caldwell family but a more detailed reading will hopefully flesh out the relationship. Two of the diaries have the name of the family scion being Abraham Caldwell of Ipswich Massachusetts. Other towns mentioned include Westminster Fitchburg Northborough and Worcester. The diaries represent the years 1867 full of entries 1870 a quarter full 1875 a half filled 1887 fully written and the 1890's. Though not all fully written and the entries suggest illiterate writers these diaries represent a true piece of Americana with a treasure trove of local historical detail and genealogical information. For the medical collector there is an interesting thread running throughout - Mr. Caldwell is quite aged and he catalogues his daily ailments certainly a medical professional may assess his health from his writings. Here are some snippets: 1867 - "February 26th Went to examination. Lizzie Rawson teach good." "March 4th Went to town meeting. Another trial of Shemp decided as it should be." "May 10th Surveyed road to town distance of about 2 ¾ miles 15 ft." "June 17th Golden wedding 75-100 people persons present." "September 13th Took Templers Degrees. Went to town to lecture. Carried B.M. Balch." "October 13th On euqaduct to town meeting for roads. Was chosen on committee." 1887 "January 9th 7 Below. Very cold. Snow flakes flying all day. Ben out very little today. Louitah Lord little more comfortable but very sick." "February 9th Sick all day. From Salem paper I see Mr. Joseph Pusfer died in Salem Oct. 19th 1886. Born July 18th 1798." "March 14th Today I hav made a grait mistak in being two positive when in fact I was rong. My mind is faking me." "June 22nd and 23rd Stage coach below belonged to Appleton farm . Boiled out sink cess pool very hard job. Had nummness in my arm and shoulder. Stage coach passed to day for Salem." "July 25th Hot and sultry. A young lady came to Mrs. Batysons. Sang for House Benefit." "August 9th Went marsh with North Harris and Negro. Went to Beverly. Stayed at Edwards over night." "August 21st Fine and pleasant. John Billy's mother and sister here. Conrad G to made round Cape Ann." "October 6th Tryed to make some wine. Caried my grapes to Capt. Wilcomb and he pressed them for me." "October 19th Finished pounding the beans then went to Georgetown. Went in to Noisas Shoe factory. Was kindly received and shown from basement up. Felt interest and enjoyed it muh." "December 14th Very warm and Pleasant. Went over to south side river to Mrs. Dolls with Edy B. Escamined his stock." "December 16th Cooler. Gave notice to Mrs. Campbell that I should want the tenement she now ocupies for my own use the first of April next." "December 19th Mrs. Smith at the Invenational House left and fell and broke both arms. Slippery this morn. Bought turkey of Perkins." The 1893-1900 journal in the lot is a handwritten financial journal which has about 100 pages of expense type entries. I believe most of the entries have to do with rentals and money collected for the rentals. This journal has the name John Caldwell written on the inside. The front cover has fallen off of this journal and some of the pages are torn. The first 20 pages have also been torn out and are not accounted for. Overall G.; Manuscript; 24mo - over 5" - 5¾" tall; HANDWRITTEN MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENT LETTER AUTOGRAPH DIARY JOURNAL LOG KEEPSAKE WRITER HAND WRITTEN DOCUMENTS SIGNED LETTERS MANUSCRIPTS HISTORICAL HOLOGRAPH WRITERS DIARIES JOURNALS LOGS AUTOGRAPHS PERSONAL MEMOIR MEMORIAL PERSONAL HISTORY AMERICANA antiquité contrat vélin document manuscrit papier Antike Brief Pergament Dokument Manuskript Papier oggetto d'antiquariato atto velina documento manoscritto carta antigüedad hecho vitela documento manuscrito Papel HISTORY MASSACHUSETTS MA FARMING ECONOMICS GENEALOGICAL . unknown
1886réf. 0002014NORTH OXFORD COUNTY ON EAST NISSOURI WOODSTOCK. Fair. 1886. On offer is an interesting original later 19th Century Municipal Record book from North Oxford Ontario dated 1886-87. Titled: Township of North Oxford Debenture Accounts Henderson Creek Drain under By Law No. 176. 1886 & 1887. The treasurer is an Abraham John Hillsdon and the accounts are written in his hand ~ lists of income received and expenditures for this Henderson Creek Drain project in 1887. There are 29 written pages starting in 1887 with the last entry in 1895. They are sporadic in the book some at the front some in the middle and some right at the end of the book with blank pages in between. There is a small glued in handwritten receipt: 'Received from Mr. Hillsdon Treasurer of North Oxford the Sum of Five dollars and Seventy three cents ~ East Nissouri Township's share of the refund on the Henderson Creek Drain" signed David Lawrence Treasurer East Nissori'. Many names in this book a very interesting piece of south western Ontario history. The back of the book has several pages on the Gravel Account for 1894; Reports from Each Pathmaster of the Gravel Used in their Division; lists of names numbers of loads and pit locations. There is also a copy of By-Law # 176 for the year 1886 inserted ~ By-Law to provide for draining of parts of the first second and third concessions of the Township of North Oxford and for borrowing on the credit of the Municipality the sum of one thousand nine hundred and fifteen dollars for completing the same. Provisionally adopted the twentieth day of October A.D. 1886. Also there is a worn copy of the Seventh Annual Report for the Agricultural Mutual Assurance Association of Canada tucked in. The book itself is in fair shape having a cracked hinge some loose pages and some chipping but overall Fair.; 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall; KEYWORDS: HISTORY OF NORTH OXFORD COUNTY ABRAHAM JOHN HILLSDON KITCHENER ONTARIO UPPER CANADA GALT WATERLOO HENDERSON CREEK DRAIN DAVID LAWRENCE EAST NISSORI LAKESIDE THAMESFORD ECONOMY FINANCE WOODSTOCK INGERSOLL TILLSONBURG BLANDFORD-BLENHEIM EAST ZORRA-TAVISTOCK NORWICH SOUTH-WEST OXFORD TOWNSHIP OF ZORRA HESSE DISTRICT MENNONITES AMISH CANADIANA CANADIAN HANDWRITTEN MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENT LETTER AUTOGRAPH DIARY JOURNAL LOG KEEPSAKE WRITER HAND WRITTEN DOCUMENTS SIGNED LETTERS MANUSCRIPTS PHOTO ALBUM PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM HISTORICAL HOLOGRAPH WRITERS HANDSCHRIFT HANDGESCHRIEBEN MANUSKRIPT DIARIES JOURNALS LOGS AUTOGRAPHS PERSONAL MEMOIR MEMORIAL PERSONAL HISTORY antiquité contrat vélin document manuscrit papier Antike Brief Pergament Dokument Manuskript Papier oggetto d'antiquariato atto velina documento manoscritto carta antigüedad hecho vitela documento manuscrito Papel . unknown
1986réf. 72122San Francisco: the Veterans 1986. 1p. three-color poster/flyer 8.5x11 inches very good condition. the Veterans unknown books
1959réf. x-pa70Harper & Brothers 1959. paperback. Good. 8x5x0. Pages are crisp and clean no marking. Cover is good. Binding is tight/good. Harper & Brothers paperback
1964réf. ge-pa26Aldine Publishing Company 1964-01-01. Third Edition. hardcover. Good/DUST JACKET. 0x0x0. Pages are crisp and clean no marking. Cover is good. Binding is tight/good. First page has a name. Aldine Publishing Company hardcover
1981réf. wc-bs9Collier Books 1981-11-01. paperback. Good. 7x5x1. This book has some highlight but still in good condition in general no lost page no tear. Collier Books paperback
réf. 61684Copperplate engraving/etching of ''t Huis Oud Alkemade van voren' and ''t Huis Oud Alkemade van agteren' in the Dutch province of Zuid-Holland as it appeared in 1730. Two images on one page. Overall size: 255 x 178 mm; plate size: 166 x 110 mm. Very good state. Handlaid paper. Neatly fixed to a passepartout. These prints were part of the book 'Het verheerlykt Nederland of Kabinet van Hedendaagsche gezigten van steden dorpen sloten adelyke huizen .' Amsterdam Tirion 1745-1774. unknown
1820réf. 357262London.: Longman Hurst Rees and Lorme. circa 1820. No covers sewn at spine. Very good light marginal toning. 27x21.5x0.1 cm. The Rees Cyclopedia was issued serially from 1802-1820 in 39 volumes plus 7 atlas volumes. The Cyclopedia was not well received and the plates from the atlas are rather scarce. These are illustrations showing several types of oil lamps. weight: 0.1b. Longman, Hurst, Rees and Lorme. unknown
2000réf. Q-0071349014McGraw-Hill Education / Medical 2000-09-14. Paperback. New. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! McGraw-Hill Education / Medical paperback
réf. 0812003314.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1970réf. RO60118464Barron's Educational Series. 1970. In-8. Broché. Etat d'usage, Plats abîmés, Dos plié, Intérieur acceptable. 425 pages. Texte en hébreu. Tranche salie.. . . . Classification Dewey : 492.4-Hébreu
réf. 14127A paris, chez Frère, marchand de musique, passage du Saumon, s.d. (vers 1780), 1 br., couverture en papier dominoté d'époque, dos manquant, taches de mouillures et salissures. in-8 format à l'italienne, titre, 40 pages paginées de 369 à 392 + (19) pages, partitions musicales, quelques taches ;
1952réf. 80335(Amsterdam: Selbstvlg. 1952). 1 Bl. 32 x 36,2 cm. [5 Warenabbildungen]
réf. 1426aaKeerbergen und Hulsius Frankfurt 1604. Maße: ca. 12 cm x 85 cm rückseitig mit eingedrucktem Text leicht fleckig/teils mit Knickspuren. - Aus: Ortelius Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. Enthalten: Auracicus Principatus / Limania / Pictavia / Artesiae Comitatus / Picardia / Veromandui / Francia Insula / Cenomani / Britannia / Bituriges / Lotharingia / Territorium Blesiense / Normannia / Andecaventium Ducatus / Lemonicum / Delphinatus / Provincia / Languedocum / Gasconia / Caletes et Bononienses / Turonis / Burgundiae Comitatus / Burgundiae Ducatus - unknown
réf. 1426aaKeerbergen und Hulsius Frankfurt 1604. Maße: ca. 12 cm x 85 cm rückseitig mit eingedrucktem Text leicht fleckig/teils mit Knickspuren. - Aus: Ortelius Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. Enthalten: Auracicus Principatus / Limania / Pictavia / Artesiae Comitatus / Picardia / Veromandui / Francia Insula / Cenomani / Britannia / Bituriges / Lotharingia / Territorium Blesiense / Normannia / Andecaventium Ducatus / Lemonicum / Delphinatus / Provincia / Languedocum / Gasconia / Caletes et Bononienses / Turonis / Burgundiae Comitatus / Burgundiae Ducatus - unknown
réf. 1533380139.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1953réf. S13292College Park MD:: The Physical Review 1953. 1953. 3 Offprints. Original wrappers. From the collection of Abraham Pais. Very good. INVENTORY: 1. KLEIN Abraham. Convergence of the Adiabatic Nuclear Potential. II. Offprint from: The Physical Review Vol. 92 No. 4 pp. 1017-1020 November 15 1953. Signed by Pais. 2. KLEIN Abraham. The Construction of Potentials in Quantum Field Theory. Offprint from: The Physical Review Vol. 91 No. 5 p. 1285 September 1 1953. Signed by Pais. 3. KLEIN Abraham. Invariant Operators of the Unitary Unimodular Group in n Dimensions. Offprint from: Journal of Mathematical Physics Volume 4 Number 10 pp. 1283-1284 October 1963. American theoretical physicist his studies took him to Brooklyn College then to Harvard where he obtained his masters and doctorate in 1950 under Julian Schwinger. The Physical Review, 1953. unknown
1953réf. S13292College Park MD:: The Physical Review 1953. 1953. 3 Offprints. Original wrappers. From the collection of Abraham Pais. Very good. INVENTORY: 1. KLEIN Abraham. Convergence of the Adiabatic Nuclear Potential. II. Offprint from: The Physical Review Vol. 92 No. 4 pp. 1017-1020 November 15 1953. Signed by Pais. 2. KLEIN Abraham. The Construction of Potentials in Quantum Field Theory. Offprint from: The Physical Review Vol. 91 No. 5 p. 1285 September 1 1953. Signed by Pais. 3. KLEIN Abraham. Invariant Operators of the Unitary Unimodular Group in n Dimensions. Offprint from: Journal of Mathematical Physics Volume 4 Number 10 pp. 1283-1284 October 1963. American theoretical physicist his studies took him to Brooklyn College then to Harvard where he obtained his masters and doctorate in 1950 under Julian Schwinger. The Physical Review, 1953. unknown books
2017réf. 1-3639638697Éditions Muse 2017. Paperback. New. 192 pages. French language. 8.66x5.91x0.44 inches. Éditions Muse paperback
1972réf. 531692Krauss. Collectible - Very Good/No Dust Wrapper. 1972. later Printing; Pristine Condition. Hard Cover. 0527571067 O211 clean and tight contents suitable for gift giving . Krauss hardcover
2013réf. 68399Los Angeles CA: American Film Institute 2013. Presumed first edition/first printing. Wraps. Very good. Pierson Seth Photo Editor. 91 1 p. Includes illustrations. Many illustrations in color. Cover has slight wear and soiling. Mel Brooks born June 28 1926 is an American film director screenwriter composer lyricist comedian actor and producer. He is best known as a creator of broad film farces and comic parodies. He began his career as a stand-up comic and as a writer for the early TV variety show Your Show of Shows. He became one of the most successful film directors of the 1970s. His well known films include The Producers Blazing Saddles Young Frankenstein Silent Movie High Anxiety and Robin Hood: Men in Tights. Brooks is one of the very few entertainers who have won an Emmy a Grammy an Oscar and a Tony award. The AFI Life Achievement Award was established by the board of directors of the American Film Institute on February 26 1973 to honor a single individual for his or her lifetime contribution to enriching American culture through motion pictures and television. The recipient is selected and honored at a ceremony annually with the award presented by a master of ceremonies and recently the prior year's recipient who usually gives a brief synopsis of the awarded individual and career background including highlights and achievements. The trustees initially specified that the recipient must be one who fundamentally advanced the art of film and whose achievements had been acknowledged by the general public as well as by film scholars and critics and the individual's peers. The trustees also specified that the work of the recipient must have withstood the test of time. The American Film Institute AFI was established in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson enacted the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act. In April 2003 AFI re-opened the 1938 AFI Silver theatre in Silver Spring Maryland The American Film Institute was founded in 1967 as a national arts organization to preserve the legacy of American film heritage educate the next generation of filmmakers and honor the artists and their work. George Stevens Jr. served as director from the institute's founding until 1980. In 1969 the institute established the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick David Lynch Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader. That program grew into the AFI Conservatory a fully accredited graduate film school. Melvin Kaminsky born June 28 1926 known professionally as Mel Brooks is an American director writer actor comedian producer and composer. He is known as a creator of broad film farces and comedic parodies. Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for Sid Caesar's variety show Your Show of Shows 1950-1954 alongside Woody Allen Neil Simon and Larry Gelbart. Together with Carl Reiner he created the comic character The 2000 Year Old Man. He wrote with Buck Henry the hit television comedy series Get Smart which ran from 1965 to 1970. In middle age Brooks became one of the most successful film directors of the 1970s with many of his films being among the top 10 moneymakers of the year they were released. His best-known films include The Producers 1968 The Twelve Chairs 1970 Blazing Saddles 1974 Young Frankenstein 1974 Silent Movie 1976 High Anxiety 1977 History of the World Part I 1981 Spaceballs 1987 and Robin Hood: Men in Tights 1993. A musical adaptation of his first film The Producers ran on Broadway from 2001 to 2007 and was remade into a musical film in 2005. In 2001 having previously won an Emmy a Grammy and an Oscar he joined a small list of EGOT winners with his Tony Award wins for The Producers. He received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2009 a Hollywood Walk of Fame star in 2010 the 41st AFI Life Achievement Award in June 2013 a British Film Institute Fellowship in March 2015 a National Medal of Arts in September 2016 and a BAFTA Fellowship in February 2017. Three of his films ranked in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 comedy films of the past 100 years 1900-2000 all of which ranked in the top 15 of the list: Blazing Saddles at number 6 The Producers at number 11 and Young Frankenstein at number 13. American Film Institute paperback
