Philippines

1938 · réf. 23547 — 1938. Large photograph album documenting the colonial Philippines China Japan Hawaii and the United States in the inter war period 1929 and 1930. Likely compiled by an American missionary the photographs are dated and captioned showing colonial education and missionary activities expatriate tourist and native communities village visits portraits of Indigenous Filipinos and well documented Pacific travel infrastructure including photos of early railways and steam ship travel. The album includes many named individuals identified locations typed and handwritten observations and captions with ethnographic and paternalistic undertones characteristic of colonial travel photography in 1929. Photo album of approximately 140 silver gelatin and sepia toned photographs all 2.5 x 4.5 inches Philippines Shanghai and Japan 1929 and 1930. The photographs show white men and women in pith helmets cloche hats field clothing and travel dresses; a man identified as "fellow teacher Mr. Paul Russel"; a group captioned "Miss Knape Mrs. Chillson Ms. Hawkins Ms. Lynch Mrs. Cash"; group photographs of travelers likely American teachers standing in dense tropical vegetation; men crossing streams with walking sticks and hats; indigenous families and children outside thatched or leaf covered dwellings. A typed verso caption identifies "the home in Tagbilaran" comparing it to a house in Albay giving domestic detail of expatriate residence and social life outside Manila. Philippine locations including Tagbilaran and Albay village houses coastal and river landscapes and jungle terrain; In China Shanghai's "native city"; and Japanese sites including Kamakura and Tokyo. A photo from Shanghai depicts a street scene with horse drawn carts and Chinese garden or pavilion architecture. Photographs from Japan show the Great Buddha at Kamakura temple and shrine buildings a large torii steps to a temple complex and a Tokyo Imperial Palace bridge view. The provincial Philippines images include repeated portraits of local and Indigenous peoples including women and girls captioned "These are the belles of the jungle" families outside thatched dwellings children gathered near village houses and residents approached by the travelers for staged photographs. These captions and scenes document Indigenous Filipino subjects through paternalistic and exoticizing language while recording houses clothing family groups and village life in Bohol and nearby provincial districts in the 1920s. One photograph is captioned "December 29 1929" and describes the travelers as "trying to convince Filipinos to allow their photograph to be taken." In the period after the Spanish American War when the United States governed the islands as a colonial possession and made public education one of the central instruments of American administration. American teachers had entered the colonial school system in large numbers after 1901 and by the 1920s their work housing mobility and social networks formed a recognizable expatriate layer in provincial towns as well as Manila. The English captions reference to a "fellow teacher" and named residences in Tagbilaran and Albay point to a likely American teaching or expatriate circle though no creator is identified in the visible material. The Shanghai and Japan views extend the itinerary across treaty port China and Japanese tourist sites moving from the "native city" of Shanghai to Kamakura's Buddhist monuments and Tokyo imperial architecture. Some tonal variation in the photographs some pages unbound from album. Every image remains legible those detached from the album carry the album residue and many have handwritten and typed captions en verso; there are likely many more inscriptions which remain concealed as they are adhered to the album leaves. Overall in very good condition. A large dated visual record of a teacher in the American colonial Philippines and other East Asian travel routes during the interwar consolidation of American power in the Pacific. unknown