Einstein

Einstein — marelibri

Typed letter signed

1942Best.-Nr. 1265881942. Signed. EINSTEIN Albert. Typed letter signed. Princeton November 3 1942. One sheet measuring 8-1/2 by 11 inches typing on recto only; matted and framed with a portrait of Einstein entire piece measures 21 by 17 inches. $38000.An exceptional typed letter signed by Einstein on precursors like Johannes Kepler's work to his Special and General Theories of Relativity beautifully framed.The letter on letterhead from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton reads in full: ""November 3 1942. Mr. Felix W. Cartier. Laconite Minn. Dear Sir: Since the times of Kepler one has found approximation formulaes for the mean distances of the planets from the sun. It is sure that there are not precise laws behind those approximate relations. It may be possible to understand the irregularities of this kind with the methods of statistical mechanics. But hitherto nobody seems to have been able to do so. In any case there is no analogy between such regularities and the quantum laws in molecular physics. Very truly yours signed A. Einstein. Prof. Albert Einstein.""Early in the 17th century Johannes Kepler 1571-1630 discovered that planets orbit the sun in ellipses rather than perfect circles. This great discovery paved the way for Isaac Newton's laws of gravity and for Albert Einstein's general and special theories of relativity. Previous to Einstein's time people believed in real distances and absolute time and showed that instruments could not objectively measure the distances between planets. Einstein's theories which hypothesized that light and space curve near a massive object revolutionized scientific thought and gave man an exciting new perspective of his universe.Einstein's letter reflects on some of the most important scientific revelations in the history of physics and astronomy. Kepler defined three laws of planetary motion; however the one specifically referred to in this letter is that all planets move about the Sun in elliptical orbits having the Sun as one of the foci. If the Universe then consisted only of two point massesÑthe Sun and a planetÑthe orbit of that planet would make a perfect closed ellipse that returned the world to its starting location with each trip around the Sun. But in a Universe governed by Newtonian gravity with a plethora of massive bodies in our Solar System that ellipse will precess or rotate slightly in its orbit.In the mid-1800s orbital deviations of Uranus from its predicted motions led to the discovery of Neptune as the outermost world's gravitational influence accounted for the excess motion. But in the inner Solar System the nearest planet to the Sun Mercury was experiencing a similar problem. With detailed accurate observations going back to the late 1500s thanks to astronomer Tycho Brahe we could measure how Mercury's perihelion its closest orbital point to the Sun was advancing. The number we came up with was 5600"" per century just over 1.5 degrees over a 100 year period. But of that 5025"" came from the precession of Earth's equinoxes a well-known phenomenon while 532"" was due to Newtonian gravity.But 5025"" plus 532"" comes up short by a small but significant amount. Attempts at explanationÑincluding the existence of an unknown inner planet interior to MercuryÑall failed. But after Einstein's special theory of relativity came out in 1905 mathematician Henri Poincare showed that the phenomena of length contraction and time dilation contributed a fraction between 15-25% of the needed amount towards the solution dependent on the error. That plus Minkowski's formalization of space and time as not separate entities but as a single structure bound together by their union spacetime led Einstein to develop the general theory of relativity. On November 25 1915 he presented his results computing the spectacular figure that the contribution of the extra curvature of space predicted an additional precession of 43"" per century exactly the right figure needed to explain this observation sending shockwaves through the astronomy and physics communities. Less than two months after this Karl Schwarzschild found an exact solution predicting the existence of black holes. The deflection of starlight and gravitational redshifts/blueshifts were realized as possible tests and finally the solar eclipse of 1919 validated general relativity as superseding Newtonian gravity. Expected fold lines. An incredible letter scarce in its important content. unknown books

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EINSTEIN AlbertABAA

Autograph letter signed

1921Best.-Nr. 1206201921. Signed. EINSTEIN Albert. Autograph letter signed. No place August 14 1921. Single sheet of cream lined paper measuring 7-1/2 by 11 inches; p. 1. $35000.Rare heartfelt autograph letter of recommendation written and signed by Einstein in German enthusiastically recommending his friend and colleague physicist Prof. Dr. Paul Epstein for an academic position.The autograph letter dated ""14 VIII 21"" written entirely in Einstein's hand reads translated from the original German: ""Prof. Dr. Epstein is certainly one of the most prominent living theoretical physicists of the German-speaking world. Without a doubt he would have been appointed to a German professorship a long time ago had his Russian nationality not stood in the way. Among Epstein's numerous original scientific papers two findings which advanced the modern quantum theory in crucial ways should be noted. After Mr. Sommerfeld as the first physicist who on the basis of special hypotheses had applied the quantum theory to a certain mechanical system of more than one degree of freedom Mr. Epstein discovered an important generalization of the quantum principle which established the application of the quantum theory for all quasi-periodic mechanical systems. Based on that general application of the quantum principle he then provided an analysis of the splitting of spectral lines in the electrical field Stark effect the accordance of which with the experiment provides one of the strongest supports for the Rutherford-Bohr atomic theory. I would like to add that I have also come to appreciate Mr. Epstein in personal interactions as a human being and that I had the pleasure of attending several scientific lectures given by him which enabled me to convince myself of his competence in delivering clearly understandable oral exposition. / A. Einstein.""Einstein and Epstein were friends and longtime correspondents who shared an interest in physics Judaism and the founding of Israel. Paul Epstein was a Russian-American mathematical physicist. He remains best known for his contributions to the development of quantum mechanics. Indeed he was one of a select group that included Lorentz Einstein Minkowski Thomson Rutherford Sommerfeld Rntgen von Laue Bohr de Broglie Ehrenfest and Schwarzschild. Born in Warsaw then part of Imperial Russia Epstein was brought up solidly middle class. He later stated that his mother recognized his potential at the age of four and predicted his future as a mathematician. Epstein studied mathematics and physics for his entire university career eventually earning a degree from the Imperial University of Moscow. He then went on to earn a Ph.D. at the Technical University of Munich in 1914 concentrating on a problem in the theory of diffraction of electromagnetic waves. However the outbreak of World War I rendered Epstein an enemy alien in Germany. Sommerfeld intervened on his behalf and he was allowed to stay as a private citizen and continue his research. In 1916 Epstein published an important paper explaining the Stark Effect using the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory. After the war Epstein went to Leiden and worked as an assistant for Lorentz and Ehrenfest. In 1921Ñthe year this letter was writtenÑEpstein was recruited by Robert Millikan to join the physicists at the California Institute of Technology. Epstein accepted the position and stayed there for the rest of his career publishing extensively on quantum theory. Epstein was something of polymath and worked in numerous areas outside of quantum theory including work on air resistance the settling of gasses the theory of vibration and the absorption of sound. He was an avid supported of Freudian psychoanalysis including as one of the founding members of the Psychoanalytic Study Group that later merged with the Los Angeles Institute for Psychoanalysis. Epstein was also notably anti-communist and worried about the threat of nationalism.The areas of study mentioned in Einstein's letter of recommendation all came together to help form the science behind atomic and hydrogen bombs though neither Einstein nor Epstein anticipated quite where the science was headed in 1921. The letter mentions the Stark effect which is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external electric field. It is analogous to the Zeeman effect in which a magnetic field is the influence. The Rutherford-Bohr model presented in 1913 is a system consisting of a small dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electronsÑsomewhat like the Solar System but with electrostatic forces instead of gravity. The Bohr model came to be recognized as a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom compared to the valence shell atom model. However because of its simplicity and the correct results it generates for certain systems it is still commonly used to introduce students to quantum mechanics.Overall this letter provides valuable insight into the scientific world during the height of Einstein's international career right when he first began traveling abroad and meeting fellow scientists internationally. The letter reflects Einstein's importance in the community and is a testament to Epstein's ability as a physicist. Original mailing creases. Fine condition. unknown books

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EINSTEIN AlbertABAA

Typed letter signed

1946Best.-Nr. 1206241946. Signed. EINSTEIN Albert. Typed letter signed. Princeton April 3 1946. Single sheet of gray letterhead measuring 8-1/2 by 11 inches; p. 1. Matted and framed with a portrait entire piece measures 19 by 15-1/2 inches. $9500.Original typed letter signed by Albert Einstein thanking his friend Dr. Isadore Held for his birthday wishes as well as for sending a new book that Einstein found both ""extraordinarily enlightening"" and humorous. Text in German.The letter typed on Einstein's personal letterhead with his name and Princeton address blindstamped at the top reads in full translation: ""3 April 1946. Dear Mr. Held: I would like to express my sincere thanks for your birthday wishes and for the sending of the last work of this wonderful contemporary. I have already read quite a bit and find that it is extraordinarily enlightening. His penetration into the mentality of far-off times and attitudes toward thinking is most remarkable and his humor no less. With fond greetings to you and your dear wife. Yours signed Albert Einstein."" This letter was written to Austrian-American medical Dr. Isadore Held who was friends with Einstein since at least 1938. Held and Einstein shared numerous interests particularly related to Jewish humanitarian relief and Israel. At Held's death Einstein wrote to his widow that ""True goodness emanated from this man who alleviated the harshness of human relations and who understood and forgave all weaknessesÉ As a role model for his fellow men he was the best that a human being can be."" Einstein was not a huge fan of birthdays though he happily acknowledged well wishes from friends. Just before turning 65 Einstein crankily said to a New York Times interviewer: ""What is there to celebrate Birthdays are automatic things. Anyway birthdays are for children."" In a 1954 letter to physicist Hans Mhsam Einstein described his birthday as ""a natural disaster a shower of paper full of flattery under which one is drowned."" Einstein was generally quite shy and did not like to be the center of attention particularly from strangers obsessed with his accomplishments and fame. However well-meaning letters and small gifts like the book given by Held were always welcomed and graciously accepted by Einstein. Original mailing creases and a few pinpoint holes along top edge possibly from stapling. About-fine condition. unknown books

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Einstein et alABAA

Die Nordströmsche Gravitationstheorie vom Standpunkt des absoluten Differentialkalküls. In Annalen der Physik 44

1914Best.-Nr. 50425Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1914. 1 Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and A.driaan D.aniël Fokker 1887-1972. Die Nordströmsche Gravitationstheorie vom Standpunkt des absoluten Differentialkalküls. In Annalen der Physik 44 10: 321-328. 2 Born Max 1882-1970. Zur Raumgitter theorie des Diamanten. In Annalen der Physik 44 12: 605-642. 3 Schrödinger Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander 1887-1961. Zur Dynamik elastisch gekoppelter Punktesysteme. In Annalen der Physik 44 14: 916-934. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1914. Whole volume: viii 1272 pp. 22 plates Numbered Taf. I-XXII. Taf. I-IX: b/w/ silver photos; Taf. XI w/ one b/w silver photo; Taf. XII is folding and XIII XIV are b/w silver photos; Taf. XV and XVI are large folding tables; Taf. XVII XVIII XIX b/w/ silv.photos; and Taf.XX--XXII are photographs of X-ray images. Figs. Text-illust. 210 x 140 mm. Red cloth gilt lettering on spine. Very good. Along the margin of p. 802 written in pencil are the words: "Mallock R.S. 1910" probably written in Lord Rayleigh's hand most likely in reference to the title "The dampening of sound by frothy liquids" by A. Mallock in Proc. R.S. Lond ser. A vol. 84: 391-94. London 1911. A.D. Fokker 1887-1972 was a Dutch physicist and cousin to aeronautical engineer Anthony Fokker 1890-1939. He was musically inclined having invented the 31EDO pipe organ. He earned his doctorate in 1913 continuing his studies with Albert Einstein Ernest Rutheford 1871-1937 and William Bragg 1862-1942. In his 1913 thesis he derived the Fokker-Planck equation with Max Planck 1858-1947. Fokker made contributions to special relativity and general relativity particularly the effects of the curvature of space-time formally called "geodetic precession". Wikipedia. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books

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Einstein, Planck and LaubABAA

Einstein Laub and Planck in Annalen der Physik 26

1908Best.-Nr. 50421Leipzig 1908. 1 Planck Max 1858-1947. Zur dynamik bewegter systeme. In Annalen der Physik 26 6: 1-34 pp. 2 Einstein Albert 1879-1965 and Jakob Laub 1882-1962. Über die elektromagnetischen grundgleichungen für bewegte Körper. In Annalen der Physik 26 8: 532-40 pp. Boni 22 Weil 22. 3 Einstein A. and J. Laub. Über die im elektromagnetischen felde auf ruhende Körper ausgeubten ponderomotorischen Krafte. In Annalen der Physik 26 8: 541-50 pp. Boni 23 Weil 23. Red cloth gilt lettering on spine. Figs. Text-illust. 230 x 141 mm. Whole volume: viii 1032 pp. 8 plates 3 folding 3 b/w silver photos. Spine a little worn but still Very Good. Approximate English translations of titles: 1 "On the dynamics of moving systems". 2 "On the fundamental electromagnetic equations for moving bodies;" and 3 "On the ponderomotive forces exerted on bodies at rest in the electromagnetic field." "Einstein wrote no. 2 above and "Elementary theory of Brownian motion" in Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie 14 1908: 235-239 pp. in a three-week period with Jakob Laub his first scientific collaborator to address the problems of formulating relativistically invariant equations for electromagnetic fields in moving media first raised by Hermann Minowski the year before." Calaprice An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. A correction to this paper no. 2 was published later in the year in vol. 27 1908: 232 and a supplement for the following year in vol. 28 1909: 445-447. Elaborating on the relativistic transformation of Maxwell's vacuum equations . . . Einstein and Laub also consider the displacement vector D and the magnetic induction B. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 22 23. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 22 23. Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck 1858-1947 was a German theoretical physicist who was awarded the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta" nobelprize.org. Planck revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes as the originator of the quantum theory. Jakob Laub 1882-1962 was a physicist who is best known for his work in the early period of special relativity having worked alongside Albert Einstein during that time. . unknown books

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Einstein, AlbertABAA

1 Theorie der lichterzeugung und lichtabsorption; 2 Prinzip von der erhaltung der schwerpunktsbewegung und die tragheit der energiein. In Annalen der Physik 20 1906-- Two landmark papers

Best.-Nr. 504141 First Edition journal issue. The brilliant follow-up to Einstein's landmark 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect. In the 1905 paper Einstein had explained the photoelectric effect-the emission of electrons from a metal when irradiated by light-by making the revolutionary proposal that light rather than consisting of continuous waves was instead made up of discrete particles of energy "light quanta" which transferred their entire payload of energy to an electron on impact. In the 1905 paper Einstein made use of Planck's mathematical formula for blackbody radiation which had introduced the concept of energy quanta but he was only able to derive part of the formula. In his 1906 paper Einstein "used his statistical mechanics to demonstrate that when light interacts with matter Planck's entire formula can arise only from the existence of light quanta-not from waves" Cassidy; emphasis ours. Einstein had realized as he stated in the present paper that "'Planck's theory makes implicit use of the . . . light-quantum hypothesis' . . . his acceptance of Planck's formula albeit as a hypothesis led to a major advance in his own work" Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 378. In 1921 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the photoelectric effect. Cassidy David "Einstein on the Photoelectric Effect." Einstein: Image and Impact. American Institute of Physics n.d. Web. Accessed 09 July 2014. Shields "Writings of Albert Einstein" in Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist 1948 pp. 689-758 no. 13; also included in Shields' "Chronological list of principal works" on p. 757. Weil Albert Einstein: A Bibliography no. 12. 2 First Edition journal issue of Einstein's second paper on the inertia of energy following his 1905 paper "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig" Is the inertia of a body dependent on its energy content. In the present paper Einstein presented another argument in support of the proposition that a body's energy depends on its energy content. "About a year after he first introduced the inertia of energy Einstein published a paper entitled "The Principle of the Conservation of the Center of Gravity and the Inertia of Energy" in which he showed that E = mc2 is necessary and sufficient to ensure that the center-of-mass theorem holds for systems in which 'not only mechanical but also electromagnetic processes take place' . . . As Einstein acknowledges his paper is similar to Poincaré's contribution to the Lorentz Festschrift 1900. Einstein showed that in order to avoid the kind of violations of the center-of-mass theorem discussed by Poincaré one has to assume that energy has inertia" Janssen pp. 39-40. Janssen "The Trouton experiment E = mc2 and a slice of Minkowski space-time" in Revisiting the Foundations of Relativistic Physics: Festschrift in Honor of John Stachel 2003 pp. 27-54. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 13. . unknown books

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Einstein, AlbertABAA

1 Lichtgeschwindigkeit und Statik des Gravitationsfeldes pp. 355-369; 2 Zur Theorie des statischen Gravitationsfeldes pp. 443-458; 3 Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit: "Thermodynamische Begründung des photochemischen Äquivalentgesetzes" pp. 881-885; 4 Antwort auf eine Bemerkung von J. Stark: "Über eine Anwedung des Planckschen Elementargesetzes" pp. 888; 5 Relativität und Gravitation. Erwiderung auf eine Bemerkung des Hrn. A. Einstein pp. 1059-1064. In Annalen der Physik Lpz. 38 1912

1912Best.-Nr. 50338Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1912. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Lichtgeschwindigkeit und Statik des Gravitationsfeldes pp. 355-369. Weil 47 Boni 43. 2 Zur Theorie des statischen Gravitationsfeldes pp. 443-458. Weil 48 Boni 44. 3 Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit: "Thermodynamische Begrundung des photochemischen Aquivalentgesetzes" pp. 881-885. Weil 46 Boni 42. 4 Antwort auf eine Bemerkung von J. Stark: "Uber eine Anwedung des Planckschen Elementargesetzes" pp. 888. Weil 49 Boni 45. 5 Relativitat und Gravitation. Erwiderung auf eine Bemerkung des Hrn. A. Einstein pp. 1059-1064. Weil 50 Boni 46. In Annalen der Physik 38 1912. Red cloth with gilt lettering on the spine. Whole volume: 1064 pp. 8 plates. Text-figs. 210 x 130 mm. Very good copy. Approximate English translations of titles with brief explanations of referenced paper if available: 1 "The speed of light and the statics of the gravitational field." "Further exploring his studies of gravitation based on the equivalence principle Einstein sees with growing clarity that gravitation is intimitely linked with the problem of the measurement of space and time" p. 292. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015.; 2 "On the theory of the static gravitational field." "Einstein more closely analyzes the equations of motion stated in no. 1 above concluding that those equations cannot be reconciled with the given field equations for c . . . because the principle of "action equals reaction" is violated. p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015.; 3 "Addendum to my work: 'Thermodynamic justification of the photochemical equivalent law' "; 4 "Answer to my remark by J. Stark: "On an application of Planck's elementary law' "; 5 "Relativity and gravitation. Response to a remark by Mr. A Einstein". Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 47 48 46 49 and 50. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 43 44 42 45 and 46. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books

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Einstein, AlbertABAA

Über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips; 2 Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"; 3 Über die vom relativitätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. In Annalen der Physik 23

1907Best.-Nr. 50420Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. Einstein explicitly establishes E=mc2. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips. In Annalen der Physik 23 6: pp. 197-8. 2 Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz." In Annalen der Physik 23 6: pp. 206-8. 3 Über die vom relativitätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. In Annalen der Physik 23 7: pp. 371-384. 8vo. Red cloth gilt lettering on spine. 214 x 140 mm. Whole volume: viii 1000 pp. 4 plates numbered Taf. I - IV. Tafs. I II and IV are folding Taf. III is b/w silver photograph tipped to sheet. Foot of the spine is repaired. Very good. Approximate English translations of titles: 1 "On the possibility of a new test of the principle of relativity." 2 "Remarks on Mr. Paul Ehrenfest's note: 'The translation of deformable electrons and the surface theorem.'" 3 "On the inertia of energy required by the principle of relativity." In "On the inertia of energy required by the relativity principle" May 1907 "Using rather than m V rather than c and 0 rather than E0 Einstein wrote his famous equation for the first time as V2= 0 and he did it in a footnote. At the end of that paper he introduced the symbol E0 to denote energy in the rest frame and wrote the famous expression again this time as =E0/V2." -Eugene Hecht How Einstein confirmed E0 = mc2 In the third paper Einstein explicitly establishes his famous equation E=mc2 although with different symbols. In this paper Einstein discussed the relationship between inertial mass and energy arguing for their complete equivalence namely that every mass has an equivalent energy just as every form of energy has an equivalent mass. This relation says that a photon can convert for the equivalence of mass and energy his celebrated equation E = mc2 Calaprice The Einstein Almanac. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 17 18 and 19 respectively. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 17 18 and 19 respectively. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books

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Einstein, AlbertABAA

Uber eine methode zur bestimmung des verhaltnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen masse des elektrons. In Annalen der Physik 21. Lord Rayleigh's copy

1906Best.-Nr. 504131906. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse des Elektrons. In Annalen der Physik 21 1906. 583-586pp. Figs. Text-illust. 214 x 140 mm. Laid-in item: notecard with penciled notes probably in the hand of Lord Rayleigh. Red cloth gilt spine. Frontis portrait of P. Curie d. 1906. Whole volume: viii 1056pp. 9 plates 5 b/w silver photos 4 folding. Small cut on spine starting approximately two inches from the head and is about three inches in length -very thin- otherwise Very Good. First Edition Whole Volume. In his landmark 1905 paper on special relativity Einstein used the velocity-dependent concepts of transverse and longitudinal mass for the moving electron these terms have now been replaced with the concept of relativistic mass first defined by Lewis and Tolman in 1909. In the present paper Einstein proposed an experimental method for determining the ratio of the transverse to the longitudinal mass and invited experimentalists to verify his special theory of relativity. Einstein later abandoned velocity-dependent mass concepts stating in 1948 that "it is better to introduce no other mass concept than the rest mass" quoted in L. B. Okun "The concept of mass" Physics Today 1989: 31-36. Lavenda A New Perspective on Relativity pp. 7-8. Weil's Einstein Bibliography no. 14. Boni's Einstein Checklist no. 14 John William Strutt third Baron Rayleigh Lord Rayleigh 1842-1919 was a british mathematician and physicist; he was one of the very few members of higher nobility who won fame as an outstanding scientist. Rayleigh was born as the son of John James Strutt second Baron and his wife Clara Elizabeth La Touche eldest daughter of Captain Richard Vicars R.E. Lord Rayleigh was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies." Rayleigh provided the first theoretical treatment of the elastic scattering of light by particles much smaller than the light's wavelength now known as "Rayleigh scattering" - a process which notably explains why the sky is blue. He also made extensive contributions to fluid dynamics e.g. the Rayleigh number critereon for the stability of the Taylor-Couette flow etc. Rayleigh also formulated the circulation theory of aerodynamic lift. His derivation of the Rayleigh-Jeans law for classical black body radiation played an important role in the birth of quantum mechanics i.e. the Ultraviolet catastrophe. During the first World War he was president of the United Kingdom government's Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Notable students of the 3rd Lord Rayleigh include J.J. Thomson 1856-1940 and Sir William Ramsay 1852-1916 who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the elements in air." In 1871 he married Evelyn Balfour sister of the future prime minister the Earl of Balfour and daughter of James Maitland Balfour and his wide Blanche the daughter of the second Marquis of Salisbury. They had three sons the eldest of whom Robert John Strutt 1875-1946 was to become Professor of Physics at Imperial College of Science and Technology London. Strutt inherited the title of fourth Baron Rayleigh after his father's death in 1919. nobelprize.org. Also in this volume: Einthoven Willem 1860-1927. Weitere mitteilungen ueber das saitengalvanometer. Analyse der saitengalvanometrischen kurven. Masse und spannung des quarzfadens und widerstand gegen die fadenbewengung. Erster teil. In Annalen der Physik ser. 4 21 1906. 483-514 pp. Willem Einthoven 1860-1927 was a Dutch doctor and physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924 "for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram" nobelprize.org. . unknown books

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Einstein, AlbertABAA

Über einen Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung in der Strahlungstheorie with L. Hopf; Statistische Untersuchung der Bewegung eines Resonators in einem Strahlungsfeld with L. Hopf; and Theorie der Opaleszens von homogenen Flüssigkeiten und Flüssigkeitsgemischen in der Nähe des kritischen Zustandes. In Annalen der Physik und Chemie 33

1910Best.-Nr. 50336Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1910. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Uber einen Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung in der Strahlungstheorie with L. Hopf. pp. 1096-1104. Weil 34 Boni 29. 2 Statistiche Untersuchung der Bewegung eines Resonators in einem Strahlungsfeld with L. Hopf. pp. 1105-1115. Weil 35 Boni 30. 3 Theorie der Opaleszens von homogenen Flüssigkeiten und Flüssigkeitsgemischen in der Nähe des kritischen Zustandes. pp. 1275-1298. Weil 36. In Annalen der Physik und Chemie 33. Red cloth with gilt lettering on the spine. Whole volume: viii 1584 pp. 6 plates. Text-figs. 210 x 130 mm. Very good copy. Approximate English translations of titles and brief explanations of papers: 1 "On a theorem of probability calculus and its application in the radiation theory." "Einstein and Hopf wrote this paper to show that the failure of statistical mechanics vis-a-vis the radiation law cannot be ameliorated by proposing that individual statistical events in the emission of light from different points on the surface of a luminous body are not actually independent but instead are interdependent with each other. Even if one assumes a failure to be statistically independent one derives the same usual form of the radiation law as Fourier sum." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. 2 "Statistical investigation of the movement of a resonator in a radiation field." With: L. Hopf. "The authors make use of the results in no. 1 above demonstrating that the Rayleigh-Jeans law of radiation is an unavoidable consequence of statistics even if we avoid assumptions that we may think need correction. In other words we cannot blame statistics for a faulty result." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. 3 "Theory of the opalescence of homogenous liquids and liquid mixtures near the critical state"."Einstein explains the optical effects that occur near the critical point of a fluid at which liquid gas phases can coexist and of a binary mixture of liquids that can also explain the blue color of the sky. It adds to earlier stuidies that provided evidence for the atomistic constitution of matter and is one of the most difficult papers to understand." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. "October 1910. E. completes a paper on critical opalescence his last major work in classical statistical physics." Pais Subtle is the Lord. 523. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 34 35 and 36 respectively. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 29 30 and 31 respectively. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books

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Einstein, AlbertABAA

Bemerkung zu dem Gesetz von Eötvös Eine beziehung zwischen dem elastischen Verhalten und der spezifischen Warme bei festen Korpen mit einatomigem Molekul Bemerkungen zu den P. Hertzschen Arbeiten: "Uber die mechanischen Grundlagen der Thermodynamik." In Annalen der Physik und Chemie 34

1911Best.-Nr. 50315Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1911. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Bemerkung zu dem Gesetz von Eötvös. In Annalen der Physik 34 1: 165-169 pp. 1910. Weil 38 Boni 35. 2 Eine beziehung zwischen dem elastischen Verhalten und der spezifischen Wärme bei festen Körpen mit einatomigem Molekül. In Annalen der Physik 34 1: 170-174 pp. 1910. Weil 39 Boni 36. 3 Bemerkungen zu den P. Hertzschen Arbeiten: "Über die mechanischen Grundlagen der Thermodynamik." In Annalen der Physik 34 1: 175-176 pp. 1910. Weil 40 Boni 37. 4 Bemerkung zu meiner Arbeit: "Eine Beziehung zwischen dem elastischen Verhalten . . ." In Annalen der Physik 34 3: p. 590. Weil 40. 5 Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: "Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen." In Annalen der Physik 34 3: p. 591. Weil 41. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1911. Whole volume: viii 1032 pp. 6 plates 5 folding 1 b/w/ silver photograph. Figs. Text-illust. 210 x 140 mm. Red cloth with gilt lettering on spine. First Edition. Pages are a little toned as are plates 5 and 6 otherwise Very Good. Approximate English translations of titles: 1 "Remarks on the law of Eötvös." 2 "A connection between the elastic conduct and the specific heat of solid bodies with monatomic molecule." 3 "Remarks on P. Hertz' work: 'On the mechanical foundations of thermodynamics.'" Eövtös' findings served as part of the basis of Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity in which the principle of equivalence acts as the keystone no. 1 above. "Einstein adds a comment on p.590 of the same journal no. 2 above. To supplement Sutherland's observation that infared eigenfrequencies of solid bodies possibly originate in the elastic vibrations of these bodies Einstein adds that electrically charged ions are the source of optical vibrations while the mututal motions of the entire molecule cause elastic vibrations." Calaprice Alice et al. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. p. 291. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 38 39 40 and 41. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 35 36 and 37. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books

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Einstein, AlbertABAA

Über den Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des lichtes. In Annalen der Physik 35

1911Best.-Nr. 50424Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1911. The Genesis of General Relativity Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Elementare betrachtungen über die thermische molekularbewengung in festen Körpern. In Annalen der Physik 35 9: 679-94 pp. Weil 42. 2 Über den Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des lichtes. In Annalen der Physik 35 10: 898-908 pp. Weil 43. Red cloth gilt spine lettering. Figs. Text-illust. 214 x 140 mm. Whole volume: viii 1040 pp. 6 plates 3 b/w silver photos 1 colorized 2 folding. Very good. Approximate English translations of titles: 1 "Elementary considerations about thermal molecular motion in solid bodies" and 2 "On the influence of gravity on the propagation of light." "Einstein returns to his thoughts on gravitation and discusses his ideas on the static gravitational field no. 1 above advancing the "half-shift" prediction of the deflection of light by a massive body such as the Sun. In his early papers on the subject . . . he used two important features: the principle of equivalence and the role of the speed of light. In this paper he takes a broader perspective saying that if a light beam is bent in an accelerating frame of reference then if the theory is correct it must also be besnt by gravity by exactly the equivalent amount." Calaprice An Einstein Encyclopedia. "An important conclusion of this paper is that the velocity of light in a gravitational field is a function of the place. The equation: c = c01 / c2 signifies that there exists a relationship between the velocity of light and the gravitational potential; the latter influences the first." Weinstein Einstein's 1912-1913 struggles with Gravitation Theory: Importance of Static Gravitational Fields Theory. "Here no. 2 above Einstein continues the work he had begun in 1907 on the specific heat of solids where the heat agitation of solids was reduced to a monochromatic oscillation of the atom and the specific heat was determined based on the quantum treatment of an oscillator in a radiation field. He explains the discrepencies between his formula and the measurements at low temperatures" Calaprice An Einstein Encyclopedia. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 42 and 43. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 38 39. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books

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