Einstein

Einstein — marelibri

E=mc2: The Most Urgent Problem of Our Time in Science illustrated 1 No. 1 pp. 16-17 April 1946

1946Best.-Nr. 1576McGraw-Hill 1946. 1st Edition. IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS THE FIRST PUBLICATION BY EINSTEIN OF THE FAMILIAR EQUATION E=mc2 IN THAT SPECIFIC FORM. Eight months after Hiroshima the editors of Science Illustrated turned to Albert Einstein to explain "the form of the energy that destroyed Hiroshima;" "to explain in his own words what takes place in the operation of his law" Science Illustrated 1 1 pp. 17 April 1946. The editors believed that given the deployment of two nuclear weapons "average citizens" wanted at least a layman's understanding of the mathematical law that enabled atomic explosions so that they were better able to understand the destruction the bombs unleashed ibid. The mathematical equation or law in question was one Einstein published in 1905 in his Theory of Special Relativity but the form in which it was then written was longer and more complex. In the paper offered here Einstein presents the equation we all now know a shorter more understandable derivation of his equation based upon the law of the conservation of momentum the pressure of radiation and the aberration of light: E = mc2. In layman's terms Einstein also explains the equivalence of mass and energy and discusses the profound 'urgent' implications of his principle ibid. In this article Einstein writes: "'What takes place can be illustrated with the help of our rich man. The atom M is a rich miser who during his life gives away no money energy. But in his will he bequeaths his fortune to his sons M' and M'' on condition that they give to the community a small amount less than one thousandth of the whole estate energy or mass. The sons together have somewhat less than the father had the mass sum M' M'' is somewhat smaller than the mass M of the radioactive atom. But the part given to the community though relatively small is still so enormously large considered as kinetic energy that it brings with it a great threat of evil. Averting that threat has become the most urgent problem of our time" ibid. CONDITION & DETAILS: Complete issue bound in its original wrappers. 4to. pp. 1-128. Very slighy scuffing to the front wrap. There are no address labels. Bright and very clean throughout. McGraw-Hill unknown

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Einstein, AlbertBiblio.com

Eine neue Bestimmung der Molekuldimesionen AND Zur Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung

1906Best.-Nr. 38892Leipzig 1906. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Eine neue Bestimmung der Molekuldimensionen. In Ann. d. Physik 4th series 19 1906: 289-306. 2 Zur Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung. In ibid.:371-381. Whole volume 8vo. viii 1080pp. 5 plates. 213 x 143 mm. Original cloth spine faded split in upper half of spine inner hinge cracking. Very good. 1 First Edition in Journal Form Revised of Einstein's doctoral thesis ranked by his biographer as being on the same level as his 1905 papers on relativity the light quanta and Brownian motion. In his thesis Einstein presented a new theoretical method for determining molecular radii and Avogadro's number the number of atoms or molecules needed to make up a mass equal to a substance's atomic or molecular weight in grams. The thesis appeared in print in the spring of 1905; in the journal version published at the beginning of 1906 Einstein added a brief appendix containing an improved value of Avogadro's number. Einstein's biographer Abraham Pais wrote of Einstein's thesis as follows: "It is not sufficiently realized that Einstein's thesis is one of his most fundamental papers. Histories and biographies invariably refer to 1905 as the miraculous year because of his article on relativity the light-quantum and Brownian motion. In my opinion the thesis is on a par with the Brownian motion article. In fact in some-not all-respects his results on Brownian motion are by-products of his thesis work emphasis ours. This goes a long way toward explaining why the paper on Brownian motion was received by the Annalen der Physik on May 11 1905 only eleven days after the thesis had been completed. "Three weeks after the thesis was accepted this same journal received a copy of the thesis for publication. It was published only after Einstein supplied a brief addendum in January 1906. . . . As a result of these various delays the thesis appeared as a paper in the Annalen der Physik only after the Brownian motion article had come out in the same journal. This may have helped create the impression in some quarters that the relation between diffusion and viscosity-a very important equation due to Einstein and Sutherland-was first obtained in Einstein's paper on Brownian motion. Actually it first appeared in his thesis . . . ." "Quite apart from the fundamental nature of some results obtained in the thesis there is another reason why this paper is of uncommon interest: it has had more widespread practical applications than any other paper Einstein ever wrote . . . . The thesis dealing with bulk rheological properties of particle suspensions contains results which have an extraordinarily wide range of applications. They are relevant to the construction industry the motion of sand particles in cement mixes to the dairy industry the motion of casein micelles in cow's milk and to ecology the motion of aerosol particles in clouds to mention but a few scattered examples. Einstein might have enjoyed hearing this since he was quite fond of applying physics to practical situations" Pais Subtle is the Lord pp. 89-90. Pais notes that during the period 1970-1974 the 1906 journal version of Einstein's thesis was cited four times more often than his 1916 paper on general relativity and eight times more often than his 1905 paper on light quanta. 2 First Edition of Einstein's second paper on Brownian motion containing two further methods for finding Avogadro's number. This was the first of his papers on the subject to include the term "Brownian motion" in the title. Pais pp. 95 98. . unknown

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