Einstein

Einstein — marelibri

Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Sonderdruck aus den „Annalen der Physik“ Band 49 1916.

1619Best.-Nr. 5711KLeipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth Omnitypie-Ges. Nachfl. L. Zechnall Stuttgart; Metzger & Wittig Leipzig Wrappers 1916 but c. 1919. Near Fine. 8vo. 16: 24 3 cm. 64 pages. Letterpress on machine paper in original publisher’s wrappers on cream stock with black title printing on covers and spine incorporating publisher's emblem and ornamental framing on front cover as well as publisher's advertisements on rear cover. Particularly rare early anastatic reprint of the first separate edition of Einstein's first and most important synopsis of his general theory of relativity. – Edition Contents: „In mid-January 1916 Einstein had still expressed doubts about his ability to write such a paper calling his writings ""correct but quite indigestible"" ""zwar richtig aber reichlich unverdaulich."" Einstein to H. A. Lorentz 17 January 1916“. But a „few months after the final papers had appeared 4 papers of Nov. and Dec. 1915 where he finally had completed the theory of general relativity as a logical structure note WoP Einstein was ready to spend some time writing a review paper in which the whole theory was presented and explained in a consistent and accessible way . It gives an excellent overview of the theory.“ cf. Einstein Papers. For present synopsis Einstein also made substantial additions published here for the first time. „Einstein’s paper of March 1916 concludes with a brief section on the three new predictions: the red shift the bending of light and the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. In the final paragraph of that section is recorded the single major experimental confirmation which at that time could be claimed for the theory: the Mercury anomaly. In 1916 next to nothing was known about the red shift; the bending of light was first observed in 1919.“ cf. Paise – The paper was first printed on May 11th 1916 in the special interest journal »Annalen der Physik« series 4 vol. XLIX issue no. 7 pp. 769-822 and probably simultaneously as separate printing in book form by the Leipzig editor Barth titled »Sonderdruck« enlarged with an introduction by Einstein and a table of content. Edited in this way and therefore more accessible for a broader audience of interested lay people the Barth book edition of Einstein's probably most important achievement in the history of science became popular and was reprinted several times until 1929. According to Weil present first reprint from 1919 is of better printing quality than others and is bound in the original paper wrappers of the 1916 edition with an updated publisher's ads list of 5 available titles appearing between 1911 and 1918. – Condition: Former faults and tears at margins of front and rear cover skilfully restored front cover with shelf wear paper time-stained otherwise clean copy. – Rarity: Scarce in trade. RHB ABPC 1973ff. and JBP/JAP/APO record 4 copies of this particular reprint in the original wrappers and comparable condition at auction 2016 2014 former copy of Karl Malmkvist 2006 2004. – Reference: Boni N.: A bibliographical checklist and index to the published writings of Albert Einstein 78 for the journals issue 78.1 for the separate edition; Carter/Muir Bücher die die Welt verändern 725; Norman 696 for the journal issue; Shields M. C.: Bibliography der Schriften Einsteins. In: Schilpp P. A.: Albert Einstein als Philosoph und Naturforscher 84 for the separate edition 86 for the journal issue; The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein. Volume 6 30 cit. p. XIX and p. 238 fn 1; Weil E.: Albert Einstein. A bibliography of his scientific papers 1901-1930 80a; Pais A.: Subtle is the Lord. The Science and Life of Albert Einstein 2005 ed. p. 273; Sauer T. „Albert Einstein review paper on general relativity theory“. In: Grattan-Guinness I. et al. ed.: Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 2015 pp. 802-22. Johann Ambrosius Barth (Omnitypie-Ges., Nachfl. L. Zechnall, Stuttgart; Metzger & Wittig, Leipzig [Wrappers]) unknown

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Albert EinsteinBiblio.com

During the War Albert Einstein Assists an Old Friend and Relative to Get a Visa to Leave Europe and Immigrate to Mexico

1941Best.-Nr. 2142520/12/1941. Brigitte Kaufmann was born in Germany but when the Nazis came to power in 1933 she fled to Paris. In France Kaufmann worked as an actress under the name of Brigitte Châtel and translated documents. She met her future husband Alfred Alexander-Katz in Paris and they married in 1939; the following day her husband was taken to an internment camp. He was given the choice of being interned in a labor camp or joining the Foreign Legion and chose the latter. Alexander was then sent to Clermont in Vichy France and the family relocated there. Dr. Walter Rudlin was a social science professor at Sarah Lawrence College in New York and actively involved in anti-fascist activities. He was the author of “The Growth of Fascism in Great Britain”. In September 1942 he left his position and joined the U.S. Board of Economic Welfare whose chair was Vice President Henry Wallace. His wife Eryl was interested in bringing Jews in Europe out of harm’s way and she knew the Alexander-Katz family. So Eryl sought to get Brigitte and her family safely out of Europe to Mexico and sought Einstein’s help. On March 12 1941 Einstein responded noting that Brigitte is his relative. “Thank you very much for your letter of March 11th. I am very gratified indeed to learn that our mutual friends Fred and Brigitte Alexander-Katz have some prospect to receive a visa into Mexico. I am certainly willing to vouch for their reliability and integrity both personal and political. I have known Mrs. Brigitte Alexander-Katz - whose family is related to mine - since she was a little girl. Her husband a very able engineer will certainly be useful to any country which receives him. If you will send me the address of the proper Mexican authority I shall gladly send any letter of recommendation desired.” This was a warm letter indeed expressing true concern and friendship for the Alexander-Katz family. On April 3 1941 Einstein again wrote Rudlin noting “Enclosed I am sending you the requested letters in the hope that they may be successful.” But there were delays and no visa so Rudlin wrote Einstein seven months later asking him to take the matter up with the Mexican government. Typed letter signed on his blind-embossed letterhead Princeton December 20 1941 to Mrs. Eryl Rudlin saying that he expects the visa to be granted but does not feel he ought to approach the Mexican government directly. “The Mexican authorities know that I am interested in the case of the Alexander-Katz family; they have kept me informed about the whole development of the matter. I have no doubt that admission to Mexico will be granted as it has been granted to hundreds of people in the same situation. I can give Mr. Alexander-Katz a recommendation but it is out of the question that I ask the Minister of Education to send him an official invitation. I have already done what could be done without intrusion.” Despite what he writes here to calm Mrs. Rudlin Einstein might have exerted some gentle pressure on Mexico by contacting the Mexican ambassador to the U.S. Gilberto Bosques; or the Alexander-Katz visas may have already being granted at that moment. The Einstein Archives is silent on this subject. But soon after Einstein soon wrote this letter in 1942 a telegram to the young Alexander-Katz family arrived stating that Einstein and Rudolph Uhlman a lawyer in New York had secured visas through Ambassador Bosques for them to escape to Veracruz Mexico aboard the ship San Thomé. In Mexico Brigitte she became a noted author actress director and translator. She became the first woman in Mexico to produce and direct television programs. Speaking five languages she also worked as a translator for UNESCO and Amnesty International. Her daughter Susana and granddaughter Sophie also became actors. unknown

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Albert EinsteinBiblio.com

Einstein: My Work in Relativity Supplanted Newtonian Mechanics and Changed Our Notion of Space and Time Forever

Best.-Nr. 184029/9/54. The fullest summation we have seen by Einstein comparing relativity to Newtonian concepts of space and time Immanuel Kant took both Euclidean geometry and the Newtonian laws of motion to be synthetic a priori principles which from Kant’s point of view function as necessary presuppositions for applying our fundamental concepts of space time matter and motion to our sensible experience of the natural world meaning they are fixed necessary conditions. This idea rested on the absolute nature of space and time the work of Newton and the relationship between geometry and physics. In 1905 while a young patent clerk and physicist in Bern Switzerland Albert Einstein obtained his doctorate and published a paper that explained his newly developed Special Theory of Relativity. This unlocked many mysteries of the universe and introduced the world to ""e=mc2"" equating mass and the speed of light with energy. It established that time and space are not fixed and in fact change to maintain a constant speed of light regardless of the relative motions of sources and observers. Just 10 years later in 1915 Einstein published his General Theory of Relativity which described the universe as a four-dimensional continuum with time added as the fourth dimension where gravitational effects are explained by the warping of space-time. In this theory Einstein incorporated gravity as a geometric property of space-time. The impact of Einstein's work between 1905 and 1915 challenged many principles of physics that had been accepted for centuries. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize for his work. Time Magazine named him the Person of the Century for the 20th century for his discoveries in relativity and space-time. Einstein is the most important scientist since Isaac Newton and probably the most famous in history. Space and time were considered relativistic more subjective and not the fixed a priori notions that had long permeated the mathematical and scientific worlds. Max Fischler was a California scientist who was interested in the implications of this distinction: were space and time now to be studied together in this context only or were the nature of space and the nature of time different In special relativity what appears simultaneous to one person might not to another - they are relative. You cannot separate space and time; they occur subjectively and semi-dependently but are not tied to the content of that space. With General Relativity space-time remains but matter warps it. It's a field like the sheet of a trampoline but reacts to matter. One needs all four dimensions of space-time and without them the others don't exist. You need matter for space. On September 5 1954 he wrote to Einstein: "".Can anything in your theory of Relativity be said to throw new light on the nature of space and time themselves Or must we rest satisfied with the purely new logical treatment of these conceptions In other words does the new view of space and time as space-time carry any new meaning ontologically beyond the purely mathematical and logical relationship between the two. Or to put it differently: When Minkowski in his famous words said 'Space by itself and time by itself must not sink into the mere shadows and only a kind of union of the two can preserve an independent existence' did he not attach some new real meaning to the 'spacetime' which the old independent notions of space and time could not convey If so in what does this new meaning consist."" Four days later Einstein replied in this letter: Typed letter signed in German on his personal blind embossed letterhead Princeton September 9 1954 to Max Fishler. ""The expression cited in the second paragraph only signifies the wish for logical clarity in the formal expressions. De facto the justification for concepts lies in their ability to comprehend the empirically given. ""In classical mechanics space and time were completed existences which had to be presupposed as real a priori in order to give meaning to the laws of motion. It was a reality in the same sense as the reality of matter; even governing the latter. In this sense Kant was entirely wrong. ""The case was the same as regards the Special Theory of Relativity only that an objective separation of space and time was abandoned in the sense that there could no longer be any objective simultaneity. Here too the four dimensional space is a reality independently of the physical content of space. ""Regarding the General Theory of Relativity however this is principally different. What we call ""space"" is here only an extension of a Field dimensionality hence no longer independent of the content of space. It is real in the same sense as matter but has no real existence independently of matter. When the field is taken away there does not remain any space but just nothing.” Letters of Einstein directly relating to relativity are increasingly uncommon and this is one of the finest such letters we have had. unknown

The Raab Collection · Vereinigte Staaten75.000,00 $≈ 66.874,73 €

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