Cuvier

Cuvier — marelibri

1783ref. 44413Neuchatel Samuel Fauche 1783. 4to. Bound in fine contemp. full sprinckled calf raised bands and richly gilt spine. Wear to head of spine. Without the 2 free endpapers. Halftitle present and with stamps. XXIV367 pp. 2 engraved plates 1 folded. The folded plate depicts his two types of Hair-Hygrometers a. 1 engraved vignette. A fine clean and wide-margined copy. First edition of a fundamental work in Meteorology in which Saussure describes how to construct a hygrometer from human hair that can measure the relative humidity and discussing the principles behind it. Cuvier regarded this book as one of the greatest contributions to science of the eighteenth century."A milestone work in chemistry physics and meteorology which established hygrometry as an exact science. Primarely a geologist who explored and published on the Alps Saussure 1740-1788 was the first to prove that air expands and becomes less dense the more humidity it contains. In these Essais the work offered he describes his experiments with the hair hygrometer of his invention and his theory of the evaporation and hygrometry with their applications to meteorology. he also enunciates his theory of the evaporation of water in hydrogen carbon dioxide and other gases."Neville II p. 427 a."In his essay on the theoretical principles of hygrometry which he conceives as "the art of measuring the absolute quantity of water suspended in the air" De Saussure distinguishes three classes of methods of determining humidity which respectively utilize i observations of changes in the weight dimensions or shape of a hygroscopic body; ii observations of the capacity of the air for taking up water; and iii observations of the quantity of water condensing from the air under given conditions on a cold surface or of the degree of cold necessary to start such an condensation."Wolf "A History of Science Technology & Philosophy in the 18th Century" I p. 326 ff.Partington III 763. - Partington "Breakthroughs" 1783 M - Poggendorff II 755-56. hardcover

CUVIER, Baron Georges & Pierre Andre LATREILLEBiblio.com

Le Règne Animal distribué d'après son Organisation pour server de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparé

1817ref. 3707077Paris: Deterville 1817. Some foxing to the plates. Four volumes octavo 15 engraved plates by C.-L. Laurillard a handsome set with all four half-titles in original quarter calf over mottled papered boards gilt double spine labels in red & green. First edition of this germinal work of natural history with three volumes by Cuvier himself and the fourth an important study of insects by his friend and colleague Latreille. Recognised as the father of comparative anatomy Cuvier published widely throughout his lifetime but this was his most famous and influential work and contained the results of all his previous research on the structures of living and fossil animals. It was based upon his vast knowledge of zoological anatomies and in it he applied Linnæus' system of nomenclature and classification to the whole animal kingdom in the process establishing his four great classes: vertebrate molluscous articulate and radiated. Cuvier's work is a benchmark for many reasons not least for the third volume present here which is actually the work of Pierre André Latreille Professor of Entomology at the Paris Museum: Latreille's contribution was not only a significant contribution to his field but he had earlier been heavily involved in characterising the insects collected on the Baudin voyage to Australia and the Pacific. In the present volume Latreille sought to update the foundation work of scholars including Fabricius within Cuvier's framework; as a result Latreille included here many Australian insects including two the 'Rhipcera' and the 'Heleus' noted for the first time. Cuvier born in 1769 was invited by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire to come to Paris in 1795. He took an appointment at the newly-formed Muséum nationale d'histoire naturelle where he remained until his death from cholera in 1832. He had first publicly canvassed his new quadripartite schema of the animal kingdom in an 1812 presentation to the Academy of Sciences but it was in this work that he first detailed how this proposed division worked in practice. Here each of the classes is discussed in a separate volume with volumes I II and IV by Cuvier himself; his organizations of fish families in particular 'were so soundly based that they have become orders or suborders in present classification' DSB. Throughout his career Cuvier held to the premise of Le Règne Animal that the four branches were fundamentally different and that any similarities between them were due entirely to common functions rather than common ancestry. He did not believe that is that there was any evolutionary adaptation a stance which put him in open conflict with his contemporaries such as Buffon Lamarck and Geoffroy. This led to the famous debate between Cuvier and Geoffroy at the Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris in 1830. Cuvier's towering position in the French natural sciences should be seen in the context of a very cynical view of his ambitions towards intellectual ownership of the science on Freycinet's voyage an idea explored in correspondence between Faujas de Saint Fond and Louis de Freycinet. . Deterville unknown

Hordern House Rare Books · AustráliaAU$ 4.850,00≈ € 3.020,68

CUVIER, G[eorges]Biblio.com

Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles Où l'on Rétablit Les Caractères de Plusieurs Animaux Dont Les Révolutions du Globe Ont Détruit les Espèces

1825ref. 57403Paris: Dufour et E. D'Ocagne 1825. Third edition. Quarto 32cm. Seven volumes complete in modern half black morocco green cloth over boards titled in gilt on spines and fronts; modern marbled endpapers; vol. I: vi194340pp; vol. II part I: ivIV2371229-232pp; vol. II part 2: iv239-648pp; vol. III: iv412pp; vol. IV: iv514pp; vol. V part 1: iv4051pp; vol. V part 2: iv 5471pp; 277 engraved plates including frontispiece one plate with hand color and 2 maps 1 letterpress folding table. Straight and sound with occasional scattered browning and soil a few page corners neatly restored one plate margin trimmed close to image area but largely clean and bright: Very Good. Third edition of the work in which Cuvier demonstrated the reality of extinction through detailed examination of fossils; a cornerstone work in paleontology biology and geology. Earlier editions appeared in 1812 and 1821-24. When Cuvier began his research in the late eighteenth century it was generally believed that no species had ever gone extinct. "Taking for his field the little-known fossil quadrupeds and applying to them the principles of comparative anatomy Cuvier astonished the world by reconstructing prehistoric forms of animal life whose existence had never been suspected" Glass Temkin & Straus Forerunners of Darwin 253. He established extinction as a fact demonstrated that the age of the earth was greater than six thousand years and did much to establish the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology. However Cuvier forcefully opposed pre-Darwinian theories of evolution. In the introduction to Ossemens Fossiles later published separately as Discours sur les révolutions de la surface du globe 1826 Cuvier argued in favor of catastrophism-the theory that violent catastrophes like the Biblical flood had caused extinction events and shaped geological features. This theory left room for contemporaries to infer a divine force that caused catastrophes and created new species; thus his research "provided a safety valve . . . between the push of geology and the drag of theology" Forerunners 255. His theories were in part disproven by Darwin and Lyell who demonstrated that both species and geological formations undergo gradual change over time; but Cuvier's ideas about catastrophism were vindicated by more recent research into mass extinction events caused by volanic eruptions and asteroids. This edition not in Ward/Carozzi. Dufour et E. D'Ocagne unknown

Lorne Bair Rare Books · Estados UnidosUS$ 4.000,00≈ € 3.566,65

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