‎Traducción‎

‎MARX KARL + FRIEDRICH ENGELS. FIRST ARMENIAN TRANSLATION OF THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO PRINTED IN ARMENIA.‎

‎Komonistakan Partiayi Manifest� i.e. Armenian "The Communist Manifesto".‎

‎Yerevan 1938 8vo. In the original embossed cloth binding with gilt lettering to front board. The profile of Marx and Engels embossed onto front board. Extremities a bit rubbed a underligning in text throughout. 131 5 pp. 4 plates respectively showing Marx Engels the title-page of the Original German edition and a letter. � The exceedingly rare first Armenian translation of The Communist Manifesto printed in Armenia. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 55317

‎DARWIN CHARLES. ONLY TRANSLATION OF DARWIN INTO SERBO CROATIAN‎

‎Putovanje jednog prirodoslovca oko svijeta.‎

‎Zagreb & Beograd Novo Pokoljenje 1949. Small4to. In publisher's original half cloth with printed lettering and ornamentation to spine. A ship decorating front board. Hindges very weak and first quire partly detached. 577 6 frontiespiece. � Rare first complete Serbo-Croatian translation of Darwin's 'Journal of Researches' - being the only translation of any of Darwin's into this language. It was reprinted in 1951 1964 and 1966.<br><br>In 1945 the decision to recognize Croatian and Serbian as separate languages was reversed in favor of a single Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian language. Today for political/nationalistic reasons there is a general opposition to the concept of Serbo-Croatian as a common pool/family. <br><br>"On its first appearance in its own right also in 1839 it was called Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. The second edition of 1845 transposes 'geology' and 'natural history' to read Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc. and the spine title is Naturalist's voyage. The final definitive text of 1860 has the same wording on the title page but the spine readsNaturalist's voyage round the world and the fourteenth thousand of 1879 places A naturalist's voyage on the title page. The voyage of the Beagle first appears as a title in the Harmsworth Library edition of 1905. It is a bad title: she was only a floating home for Darwin on which in spite of good companionship he was cramped and miserably sea-sick; whilst the book is almost entirely about his expeditions on land." Freeman.<br><br>Freeman 244 hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 53280

‎DARWIN CHARLES. FIRST TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S 'DESCENT OF MAN' INTO ANY LANGUAGE‎

‎Proiskhozhdenie chelovieska i polovoi podbor i.e. English "Descent of Man".‎

‎S.-Peterburg Izdanie redaktsii zhurnala "Znanie 1871. 8vo. In contemporary black half calf with four rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Corners of binding with repairs and a three cm long tear to lower front hindge. Light miscolouring throughout especially to first 10 leaves. 2 VII 6 439 pp. � The exceedingly rare first Russian translation of Darwin's 'Descent of Man' published only four month after the original English. The Russian publisher was eager to have a translation published hence this early abridged edition - two other Russian translations followed later the same year - The present translation being the very first into any language. <br><br>"The Descent of Man showed that the process of organic evolution propelled by the struggle for existence and natural selection applied to man no less than to the rest of the animal kingdom. It gave explicit recognition to the idea of the anthropoid origin of man. This claim surprised no one for it was clearly hinted at in the great work of 1859 and was elaborated in Thomas Huxley's Man's Place in Nature and Vogt's Lectures on Man. Nor was it much of a surprise when three Russian translations of The Descent appeared within one year after the publication of the English original. Two general ideas represented the essence of The Descent: natural selection is not only behind the physical survival of man but also behind the evolution of cultural values; and the differences between animal and human behavior are differences of degree rather than of kind." Darwin in Russian Thought <br><br>"The Expression helped lay the foundations for a scientific study of the psychological aspect of the evolution of species. The book appeared in a Russian translation only a few months after the publication of the English original. The paleontologist Vladimir Kovalevskii was the translator and the embryologist Aleksandr Kovalevskii was in charge of editorial tasks. In 1874 Vladimir wrote to Darwin that nearly two thousand copies of the Russian translation were sold." <br>" The Expression deals much more extensively with selected aspects of human and animal behavior than with general problems of evolutionary biology. The Russian reviewers were generally impressed with Darwin's descriptions and categorizations of animal behavior. The Journal of the Ministry of Public Education was unusually profuse in praising the book's content and writing style. The reviewer commended Darwin's impartiality and avoidance of "materialistic trappings." Even the adherents of spiritualism could read the book he wrote without the least discomfort. The reviewer thought that psychologists would benefit from the information the book presented on the "physiological" basis of behavior. Indeed he recommended the book to all readers interested in the scientific foundations of human behavior. The liberal journal Knowledgewas equally laudatory. It noted that the book was eminently successful on two counts: it offered a "rational explanation" of many expressions of human emotions and it integrated the study of animal and human behavior into the universal process of organic evolution. In fact no educated person could afford to ignore it.<br>N. P. Vagner professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at St. Petersburg University called The Expression a book with "great strengths and minor flaws." The volume reminded him of Darwin's previous works which marked "turning points in the history of science." The strength of the book lay much more in its suggestion of new topics for comparative-psychological research than in a presentation of a theoretically and logically integrated system of scientific thought. Insufficient exploration of the physiological underpinnings of mental activities represented the book's major shortcoming" Darwin in Russian Thought <br><br>In Russia Darwinism had a profound influence not only upon the different sciences but also on philosophy economic and political thought and the great literature of the period. For instance both Tolstoy and Dostoevsky referenced Darwin in their most important works as did numerous other thinkers of the period.<br><br>Like Strakhov however Dostoevsky acknowledging the significance of the "Origin of Species" saw the dangers of the theory. In the same year as the publication of Rachinsky's translation he lets the narrator in "Notes from Underground" 1864 launch his attack on Darwinism beginning: "As soon as they prove you for instance that you are descended from a monkey then it's no use scowling you just have to accept it."<br>In "Crime and Punishment" two years later 1866 the Darwinian overtones inherent in Raskolnikov's theory of the extraordinary man are unmistakable. He describes the mechanism of "natural selection" where according to the laws of nature by the crossing of races and types a "genius" would eventually emerge. In general Darwinian themes and Darwin's name occur in many contexts in a large number of Dostoevsky's works.<br><br>'Descent of Man' was transted into Danish Dutch French German Italian Polish Russian and Swedish in Darwin's lifetime. <br><br>Freeman 1107. unknown‎

Referencia librero : 53279

‎DARWIN KAROL CHARLES DARWIN. FIRST POLISH TRANSLATION OF DARWINS JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES‎

‎Podr�z Naturalisty. i.e. "Journal of Researches".‎

‎Warszawa 1887. 4to. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and four raised bands. Spine with wear and top right corner 3 x 5 cm of title-page lacking not affecting text. Internally fine and clean. 4 II 412 XVIII pp. � Extremely rare first Polish translation of Darwin�s Journal of Researches: "His first published book is undoubtedly the most often read and stands second only to �On the origin of Species� as the most often printed. It is an important travel book in its own right and its relation to the background of his evolutionary ideas has often been stressed."Freeman p. 31.<br><br>Freeman 223 hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 53495

‎MONTAIGNE MICHEL de. THE FIRST TRANSLATION OF MONTAIGNE'S ESSAYS‎

‎Discorsi morali politici et militari. Tradotti dal sig. Girolamo Naselli lingua Francese nell' Italiana. Con un Discorso se is forastiero si deue admettere alla administratione della Republica. All'Illustriss. & Eccell. Sig. Don Cesare d'Este.‎

‎Ferrara Benedetto Mamarello 1590. Small 8vo. Later half vellum with gilt title-label to spine. Marbbled paper over boards. A faint damp stain to the last few leaves otherwise a nice and clean copy. Old ownership-signature to last leaf. Bookplate to inside of front board. Large woodcut device to title-page. Woodcut initials and headpieces at beginning. 8 170 5 pp. � The very scarce first edition of the first translation into any language of any part of Montaigne's Essays namely Naselli's monumental first Italian translation which came to pave the way for later translations of the work among them Florio's first English from 1603. <br><br>Montaigne's magnum opus was published in 1580 and in 1588 the final edition appeared constituting the definitive text of the work and that on which all later editions were based. With his seminal work Montaigne not only created a novel genre of writing he also founded modern scepticism and the revival of ancient scepticism and he paved the way for the modern philosophy and thought presented by Bacon Decartes and Newton. <br>"Unlike anti-intellectuals like Erasmus Montaigne developed his doubts through reasoning. Unlike his skeptical predecessors who presented mainly a series of reports on the variety of human opinions Montaigne worked out his complete Pyrrhonism through a sequence of levels of doubt culminating in some crucial philosophical difficulties. The occurrence of Montaigne's revitalization of the Pyrrhonism of Sextus Empiricus coming at a time when the intellectual world of the 16th century was collapsing made the "nouveau Pyrrhonisme" of Montaigne not the blind alley that historians like Copleston and Weber have portrayed but one of the crucial forces in the formation of modern thought. It was also to be the womb of modern thought in that it led to the attempt either to refute the new Pyrrhonism or to find a way of living with it." Popkin vol. II 1960 pp. 54-55. <br><br>There are many important aspects of Montaigne's groundbreaking work which has been subject of an uncountable number of scholars throughout centuries. But one aspect which seems to have been forgotten in recent times is one that is emphasized by Naselli's extremely important first ever translation of the work. As the Italian title will reveal the work was also widely viewed - and intended - as a political council book. <br><br>Naselli bases his translation on Montaigne's own final edition from 1588 and publishes it merely two years later including 42 of 94 chapters of the first two books. His translation is the one closest in time to the original appearance of the work and is the only one published in Montaigne's own life-time. It is thus in a unique position to tell us about contemporary views on the work and its use. <br><br>"One enormously important prose genre upon which Montaigne draws most heavily consists of political advice books for courtiers and princes that proliferated in great number and with great social and political impact in the late Renaissance. Montaigne's appropriation of the political counsel genre has gone largely unnoticed by contemporary scholars and bringing it into focus has significant implications for our understanding of the "Essais". bringing it to the foreground allows us to challenge more robustly the common conclusion that Montaigne's unique project "is not a political work."<br>Many in the first generation of Montaigne's reception appear to have seen the "Essais" principally as a contribution to the political contribution to the political counsel literature. For example Girolamo Naselli's 1590 Italian translation of the "Essais is titled "Discorsi morali politici e military" while John Florio follows Naselli's lead in the title of his 1603 English translation "The Essayes or Morall politike and militaire discourses". And when Francis Bacon enthusiastically adopts Montaigne's novel "Essai"-form for his own ends he does so as a useful means of giving "Councels Civill and Morall" not simply musings personal and poetic." Thompson Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics p. 21. <br><br>As is mentioned on the title-page this first translation also contains another long "questione". "In this deliberative discourse very different in kind from anything a modern reader would associate with "Essais" and apparently composed soon after the winter 1576-7 Estates General of Blois the author argues methodically and resolutely against those at the assembly who in a public "ragionamento" demonstrated the employment of foreigners in a republic to be universally undesirable and who nearly succeeded in having this position passed into law." Boutcher: The Scool of Montaigne in Early Modern Europe vol. 2 p. 136. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 55265

‎Parks Professor of Literature; Tim Translation‎

‎The Scheme of Things‎

‎Page Publishing Inc. Hardcover. 1682898733 Brand New Direct from the Publisher! Not overstocks or marked up remainders! Ships in a sturdy cardboard container with tracking!VCF . New. Page Publishing, Inc hardcover‎

Referencia librero : OTF-9781682898734 ISBN : 1682898733 9781682898734

‎MARX CARLO. KARL. FIRST ITALIAN TRANSLATION OF MARX' "DAS KAPITAL"‎

‎Il Capitale. Critica dell'economia politica.‎

‎Torino Unione Tipografico-Editrice 1886. Royal8vo. Bound in a contemporary half vellum binding with red and green title label to spine with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine forming six compartments. In "Biblioteca dell'Economista" Third Series volume 9. wear to extremities and light brownspotting throughout especially to first and least leaves. e copy. Il Capitale: 685 pp. Entire volume: 4 903 1 pp. � First full Italian translation of Marx' landmark work constituting what is arguably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century. The work proved immensely influential in both communist and fascist circles. Antonio Gramsci founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy PCI based much of his theoretical and practical work on the present translation of Marx' work and Ezra Pound read this Italian translation which is among the most heavily marked annotated volumes in his personal library and was horrified by the accounts of the exploitation of labor given by Marx which eventually grew into his sympathy for fascism and Mussolini's socialist roots. Rainey Textual Studies in the Cantos.<br><br>The translation was done in nine installments beginning in 1882 but was not published until 1886. The translation however remained relatively unknown: "It was difficult in Italy during that period late 19th century to obtain Marx's works. With the exception of Cafiero's hard to find summary and some other summarizing pamphlets published by another Southern scholar Pasquale Martiguetti of Benevent those Italians who sought to consult Marx were forced unless they could read the original German to have recourse to the French translation of the first volume of 'Capital' published in 1875. True in 1886 Boccardo had published in Biblioteca dell'Economista an Italian translation of 'Capital' but this was inaccessible to those of modest means." Piccone Italian Marxism.<br><br>The first edition of the work originally appeared in German in 1867 and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime.<br><br>Bert Andr�as 154<br>Einaudi not numbered between no. 3769 and 3770<br>Mattioli 2287 a reprint from 1916. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 55015

‎CERVANTES SAAVEDRA MIGUEL de. FIRST SWEDISH TRANSLATION OF CERVANTES'S "DON QUIXOTE"‎

‎Den Tappre och Snillrike Riddaren Don Quixotes af Mancha Lefverne och Bedrifter. �fvers�ttning ifr�n Spanska Originalet af J. M. Stjernstolpe. 4 vols.‎

‎Stockholm Henrik A. Nordstr�m 1818-1819. 8vo. Bound in 4 nice uniform contemporary half calf binding with leather title-label to spines. Richly gilt spines forming 6 compartments. Previous owner's stamp "A R Grevesm�hl" to front free end-papers. Professional repair to half-title in volume 1. Complete with all four frontis-pieces. A very fine and clean. � First complete Swedish translation of Cervantes's "Don Quixote". Translated from the Spanish Academy's 1780-edition in 4to. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 54742

‎CERVANTES SAAVEDRA MIGUEL DE; WITH OZELL'S REVISION OF PETER MOTTEUX'S TRANSLATION; INTRODUCTION BY HENRY GRATTAN DOYLE‎

‎The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote De La Mancha‎

‎The Modern Library New York: 1950. Softcover. Good condition. The epic tale of the most illustrious Don Quixote of La Mancha and his faithful long-suffering squire Sancho Panza. Their adventures in the picaresque world of sixteenth-century Spain form the basis of one of the great treasures of Western literature both an immortal satire on an outdated chivalric code and a biting portrayal of an age in which nobility can be only a form of madness. The Modern Library, New York: 1950 paperback‎

Referencia librero : 90752X1

‎DARWIN CHARLES. FIRST DUTCH TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S "JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES"‎

‎De Reis van de "Beagle": dagboek van de onderzoekingen. i.e. English "Journal of Researches" or "Voyage of the Beagle"‎

‎Arnhem-Nijmegen E. & M Cohen 1891. 8vo. In publisher's half cloth binding with gilt lettering to spine. Light occassional brownspotting to first few and last leaves otherwise fine and clean. VII 1 568 pp � First Dutch translation of Darwin's Journal of researches now known as Voyage of the Beagle being his first published book. As Darwin later recalled in his autobiography 'The voyage of the Beagle has been by far the most important event in my life and has determined my whole career'. <br><br>"On its first appearance in its own right also in 1839 it was called Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. The second edition of 1845 transposes 'geology' and 'natural history' to read Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc. and the spine title is Naturalist's voyage. The final definitive text of 1860 has the same wording on the title page but the spine readsNaturalist's voyage round the world and the fourteenth thousand of 1879 places A naturalist's voyage on the title page. The voyage of the Beagle first appears as a title in the Harmsworth Library edition of 1905. It is a bad title: she was only a floating home for Darwin on which in spite of good companionship he was cramped and miserably sea-sick; whilst the book is almost entirely about his expeditions on land." Freeman<br><br>Freeman 176 hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 53224

‎DARWIN CHARLES. FIRST SWEDISH TRANSLATION OF "THE DESCENT OF MAN"‎

‎Menniskans H�rledning och K�nsurvalet. English: "The Descent of Man". 2 vols.‎

‎Stockholm Albert Bonniers 1872. 8vo. 2 volumes in one as issued contemporary half cloth binding with gilt lettering to spine. Previous owner's name to top of front free end-paper. A very fine and clean copy. Frontiespiece 1 314 2 pp.; 4 XV 1 294 6 pp. � The rare first Swedish translation of "The Descent of Man" translated by Rudolf Sunderstr�m. Freeman's collation is incorrect as he also dated the first Swedish translation of "Origin of Species" wrongly.<br><br>Freeman 1136 hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 50931

‎MACQUER PIERRE JOSEPH + CARL WILHELM POERNER. FIRST GERMAN TRANSLATION OF THE "FIRST MODERN DICTIONARY OF CHEMISTRY"‎

‎Allgemeine Begriffe der Chymie nach alphabetischer Ordnung aus dem Franz�sischen �bersetzt und mit Anmerkungen vermehrt. Vol. 1 & 3 out of 3.‎

‎Leipzig Weidmanns 1768 & 1769. 8vo. In two later modest half cloth bindings. Soiling to extremities and internally with light occassional brownspotting. Small repair to upper margin of title page in volume 1. XL 597 pp.; 654 24 pp. � First German edition of this landmark work "which may be regarded as the first scientific work of its class." Ferguson I:p.60 and is considered the "first modern dictionary of chemistry".<br><br>It was transted by Carl Wilhelm P�rner a chemist at the Meissen porcelain works in Saxony. "It was made from the threevolume Yverdon 1767 edition as each of those volumes appeared. P�rner added extensive notes of his own and there is a separate alphabetical sequence of articles in each volume as the order of entries was not the same in German after translation from the French. Although he did not know the author's name the Dictionnaire having appeared anonymously P�rner was enthusiastic about the book but preferred not to call it a dictionary. He regarded it as a useful general guide to chemistry rather than a mere explanation of the meanings of chemical terms and entitled it in translation General conceptions of chemistry in alphabetical order." Neville. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 52904

‎DARWIN CHARLES. FIRST TRANSLATION OF ANY OF DARWIN'S WORK‎

‎Naturwissenschaftliche Reisen nach den Inseln des gr�nen Vorgebirges Sudamerika dem Feuerlande den Faltland-Inseln Chiloe-Inseln Galapagos-Inseln Otaheiti Neuholland Neuseeland Ban Diemen's Land Keeling-Inseln Mauritius St. Helena den Vzoren etc. 2 vols. i.e. "Journal of Researches".‎

‎Brunswick F. Vieweg und Sohn 1844. 8vo. 2 volumes bound in one contemporary half calf binding with gilt lettering to spine. Previous owner's stamp to front free end-paper. Light brownspotting throughout especially to first and last leaves. XVI 319 VIII 301 3 pp. 1 folded map. � Rare first German translation of Darwin's Journal of researches now known as Voyage of the Beagle constituting the very first translation of any of Darwin's works into any language. As Darwin later recalled in his autobiography 'The voyage of the Beagle has been by far the most important event in my life and has determined my whole career'. <br><br>"On its first appearance in its own right also in 1839 it was called Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. The second edition of 1845 transposes 'geology' and 'natural history' to read Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc. and the spine title is Naturalist's voyage. The final definitive text of 1860 has the same wording on the title page but the spine readsNaturalist's voyage round the world and the fourteenth thousand of 1879 places A naturalist's voyage on the title page. The voyage of the Beagle first appears as a title in the Harmsworth Library edition of 1905. It is a bad title: she was only a floating home for Darwin on which in spite of good companionship he was cramped and miserably sea-sick; whilst the book is almost entirely about his expeditions on land." Freeman<br><br>Freeman 176 unknown‎

Referencia librero : 54590

‎EUCLID EUKLID OF ALEXANDRIA. TARTAGLIA'S TRANSLATION.‎

‎Euclide Megarense Philosopho solo Introduttore delle Scientie Mathematice. Diligentementee Rassettato et alla integrit� ridotto per il degno professore di tal Scientie Nicolo Tartalea Brisciano Nicolo Tartaglia. Secondo le due Tradottioni. Con una ampla Espositione dello istesso tradottore di nouno aggiunta.‎

‎Venetia Curtio Trojano 1565. 4to. Bound in a very nice recent hcalf in old style. Raised bands and richly gilt back. 3151 leaves =632 pp. Profusely illustrated with gemetrical diagramss in the text. Printers woodcut-device at end. Small part of lower right corner of title gone no loss of text. Light browning to first and last leaf. 6 last leaves with a faint dampstain. Very light browning to outher margins. Otherwise a fine clean copy. � Scarce second edition of Tartaglia's very influential translation of all Euclid's 15 Books as this Italian translation of Euclid was the first translation at all into the vernacular. The translation by Tartaglia was first published 1543 and was founded on the latin edition of Campanus and Zambetti.<br>Niccolo Fontana of Brescia has a great name in the history of mathematics. A cut in the face from a French soldier caused him to stammer and as a consequence of this he was called 'Tartaglia'. He is famous for his solution of third-degree equations which occasioned a long polemic with Cardano about priority. He is also known for "Tartaglia's Triangle" later known as "Pascal's Triangle" and he is well-known for his Archimedes-edition of 1543 and 1551 with his commentaries.<br>"The most famous source of Greek geometry is the monumental work of Euclid of Alexandria called the "Elements" around 300 B.C. No other book of science had a comparable influence on the intellectual development of mankind. It was a treatise of geometry in thirteen books which included all the fundamental results of scientific geometry up to his time. Euclid did not claim for himself any particular discovery he was merely a compiler. Yet in view of the systematic arrangement of the subject matter and the exact logical procedure followed we cannot doubt that he himself provided a large body of specific formulations and specific auxiliary theorems in his deductions. It is no longer possible to pass judgement on the authorship of much of this material; his book was meant as a textbook of geometry which paid attention to the material while questions of priority did not enter the discussion." Cornelius Lanzos in "Space through the Ages".<br>Max Steck III:72 - Thomas-Stanford: 39 - Riccardi Euclideana V:1 - Adams E:993. - Brunet II:1090. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 34674

‎DARWIN CARLO CHARLES. FIRST ITALIAN TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S 'JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES'‎

‎Viaggio di un naturalista Intorno al Mondo. i.e. English "Journal of Researches" or "Voyage of the Beagle".‎

‎Torino Tipografico-Editrice Torinese 1872. Large8vo. In publisher's original full green cloth. Embossed title with gilt lettering to spine and front board. Corners of binding bumped and lower part of back hindge with a small tear. An overall very fine and clean copy. 2 464 pp. � First Italian translation of Darwin's Journal of researches now known as Voyage of the Beagle being his first published book. As Darwin later recalled in his autobiography 'The voyage of the Beagle has been by far the most important event in my life and has determined my whole career'. <br><br>"On its first appearance in its own right also in 1839 it was called Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. The second edition of 1845 transposes 'geology' and 'natural history' to read Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc. and the spine title is Naturalist's voyage. The final definitive text of 1860 has the same wording on the title page but the spine readsNaturalist's voyage round the world and the fourteenth thousand of 1879 places A naturalist's voyage on the title page. The voyage of the Beagle first appears as a title in the Harmsworth Library edition of 1905. It is a bad title: she was only a floating home for Darwin on which in spite of good companionship he was cramped and miserably sea-sick; whilst the book is almost entirely about his expeditions on land." Freeman<br><br>The first edition appeared in German in 1844 at the instigation of Baron von Humboldt and the second in Danish French German Italian Russian and Swedish in Darwin's lifetime<br><br>Freeman 211 hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 53225

‎HUME DAVID. FIRST TRANSLATION OF "A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE"‎

‎�ber die menschliche Natur aus dem Englischen nebst kritischen Versuchen zur Beurtheilung dieses Werks von Ludwig Heinrich Jakob. 3 Bde. Erster Band: Uber den menschlichen Verstand. Zweiter Band: Ueber die Leidenschaften. Dritter Band: Ueber die Moral.‎

‎Halle 1790-92. 8vo. Bound in two very nice near contemporary brown half calf bindings with elegant gilding to spines. Bindings slightly worn and with small old paper library labels to lower spines. Brownspotted due to the paper quality. Library stamps to title-pages not to part three. Old owner's name to front free end-papers F. Schi�dke. 8 843 1; 4 314; 16 302 pp. � Extremely rare first edition fully complete all three volumes of the first translation into any language namely the first German edition of one of the most important books in the history of philosophy Hume's seminal "A Treatise of Human Nature". This epochal translation by L.H. Jakob not only constitutes the very first translation of the work and the most important edition after the original it also constitutes the only other edition of the work to appear in the 18th century and the edition that is responsible for the spreading of Hume's ideas beyond the boundaries of the UK. It is for instance in this very version that Kant and most other continental philosophers of the time read Hume's magnum opus. <br><br>A second English edition did not appear until 1817 the first French translation did not appear until 1878 and Spanish and Italian translations only appeared in the 20th century. <br><br>David Hume is one of the most influential philosophers of all time and his groundbreaking main work "A Treatise of Human Nature" profoundly influenced both philosophical and scientific thought throughout the following centuries. <br><br>"Although Hume's more conservative contemporaries denounced his writings as works of scepticism and atheism his influence is evident in the moral philosophy and economic writings of his close friend Adam Smith. Kant reported that Hume's work woke him from his "dogmatic slumbers" and Jeremy Bentham remarked that reading Hume "caused the scales to fall" from his eyes. Charles Darwin regarded his work as a central influence on the theory of evolution. The diverse directions in which these writers took what they gleaned from reading him reflect both the richness of their sources and the wide range of his empiricism. Today philosophers recognize Hume as a thoroughgoing exponent of philosophical naturalism as a precursor of contemporary cognitive science and as the inspiration for several of the most significant types of ethical theory developed in contemporary moral philosophy."<br><br>Arguably no philosopher or thinker after Hume can say not to have either directly or indirectly be influenced by him. In the 18th century his ideas were spread beyond the UK through the translations of his works primarily those into German which were those that were read by philosophers on the Continent. <br><br>Kant for instance had been aware of the thoughts of David Hume but as his fellow continental thinkers he had not read his main work until it appeared in German in 1790-192. "Kant says that "it was the remembrance of David Hume which many years ago first interrupted my dogmatic slumber and gave my investigations in the field of speculative philosophy a completely different direction." It is natural to wonder in particular about the precise years to which Kant is referring and the specific events in his intellectual development he has in mind. Here however we now enter controversial terrain where there are basically two competing alternatives-both of which reflect the circumstance that Kant could read Hume only in German translation." SEP. <br><br>This first German translation the first translation into any language and the only edition of the work to appear within the 18th century apart from the original of course is of the utmost importance to the reception of Hume's main work and to the spreading of its ideas. <br><br>See PMM:194 - first edition. unknown‎

Referencia librero : 52458

‎SMITH ADAM. FIRST HUNGARIAN TRANSLATION OF 'WEALTH OF NATIONS'‎

‎Vizsg�l�d�s a nemzeti vagyonoss�g term�szet�rol �s okair�. i.e. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations translated by Enyedi Luk�cs and P�lya Jakab with introduction by Gyula Kautz. 5 vols.‎

‎Budapest Pallas Irodalmi �s Nyomdai R�szv�nyt�rsas�g 1891-1894. 4to. Bound in four uniform contemporary half cloth bindings with red title-labels to spines. With a few occassional marginal annotation. Last ten leaves of volume 1 with a few tears. Otherwise a fine set. lxxv 1 4 376 pp; 4 235 1 iii 1 pp.; 4 414 ii pp.;4 409 1 vii 1 pp. � The exceedingly rare first Hungarian edition of Adam Smith's lardmark work 'Wealth of Nations' constituting one of the very earliest Eastern-European translations of the work Polish 1927; Czech 1928; Romanian 1934.<br><br>"Polya although a lawyer had a particular interest in economics and a sufficient grasp of English through his work with an international insurance firm to be able to cope with Smith's English text. For the present translation he collaborated with the Hungarian civil servant Luk�cs Enyedi 1845-1906 who played a significant role in the promotion of economics as an independent discipline in Hungarian universities." National Library of Scotland. <br><br>The noted economist politician and banker Gyula Kautz 1829-1909 made a lengthy introduction to the present work which later was published separately. In it he describes Smith's life and work and his position as the "founder of economic science" putting his work into its historical context and offering a critical appraisal of his significance and his influence on 19th century economics and political theorists. Kautz was governor-general of the central bank of Hungary the Osztr�k-Magyar Bank from 1893-1900 and the economics department of Budapest University is today named after him.<br><br>OCLC only locates one copy In The National Library of Scotland which states that the only other known copy of this translation is located at the Hungarian National Library.<br>Not in any of the major bibliographies. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 51062

‎LENIN V. I. FIRST ENGLISH TRANSLATION‎

‎The Development Of Capitalism In Russia. The Process Of A Home Market For Large-Scale Industry.‎

‎Moscow Foreign Language Publishing House 1956. 8vo. Original full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Library stamps to title page. "C2" written to lower part of spine. XVI 751 pp. � First English translation of Lenin's work from 1899 written whilst he was in exile in Siberia. The present translation is made from Lenin's Works Vol. 3 4th Russian edition.<br><br>It was published in 1899 under the pseudonym of "Vladimir Ilyin" it established his reputation as a major Marxist theorist. In it Lenin attacked the Populist claim that Russia could avoid the stage of capitalism and that the rural commune could serve as the basis for communism. Instead Lenin argued that the rural communes had already been wiped out by capitalism and statistics showed the degree to which feudalism was already dying in Russia. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 48597

‎DARWIN CARLOS. FIRST COMPLETE SPANISH TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S "JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES"‎

‎Diario del Viaje de un Naturalista Alrededor del Mundo. 2 vols.‎

‎Madrid Calpe 1921 & 1922 8vo. Bound in one half calf binding with four raised bands. Spine with wear otherwise a fine copy. X 6 361 VIII 359 3 pp. 1 folded map. � First complete Spanish translation of Darwin's "Journal of Researches": "La �nica que completa e intacta se ofrece en castellano" From the introduction to the present work. The work now now known as Voyage of the Beagle was Darwin's first published book. As Darwin later recalled in his autobiography 'The voyage of the Beagle has been by far the most important event in my life and has determined my whole career'. <br><br>"On its first appearance in its own right also in 1839 it was called Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. The second edition of 1845 transposes 'geology' and 'natural history' to read Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc. and the spine title is Naturalist's voyage. The final definitive text of 1860 has the same wording on the title page but the spine readsNaturalist's voyage round the world and the fourteenth thousand of 1879 places A naturalist's voyage on the title page. The voyage of the Beagle first appears as a title in the Harmsworth Library edition of 1905. It is a bad title: she was only a floating home for Darwin on which in spite of good companionship he was cramped and miserably sea-sick; whilst the book is almost entirely about his expeditions on land." Freeman.<br><br>Freeman 252.<br>Blanco & Llorca: 5 Blanco & Llorca: Bibliogrf�a cr�tica illustrada de las obras de Darwin en espa�a 1857-2005. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 53616

‎JACOBI FRIEDRICH HEINRICH. & BRUNO MENDELSSOHN ETC. THE FIRST EVER TRANSLATION OF BRUNO'S "DE UNO ET CAUSA"...‎

‎Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen an den Herrn Moses Mendelssohn. Neue vermehrte Auflage.‎

‎Breslau Gottl. L�we 1789 8vo. Very beautiful contemporary red full calf binding with five raised bands and gilt green leather title-label to richly gilt spine. elaborate gilt borders to boards inside which a "frame" made up of gilt dots with giltcorner-ornamentations. Edges of boards gilt and inner gilt dentelles. All edges gilt. Minor light brownspotting. Marginal staining to the last leaves. Engraved frontispiece-portrait of Spinoza engraved title-vignette double-portrait of Lessing and Mendelssohn engraved end-vignette portrait of Jacobi. Frontispiece title-page LI 1 -errata 440 pp. Magnificent copy. � First edition thus being the seminal second edition the "neue vermehrte Auflage" new and expanded edition which has the hugely important 180 pp. of "Beylage" for the first time which include the first translation into any language of any part of Giordano Bruno's "de Uno et Causa." pp. 261-306 as well as several other pieces of great importance to the "Pantheismusstreit" and to the interpretation of the philosophy of Spinoza and Leibniz here for the first time in print. <br><br>The present translation of Bruno seems to be the earliest translation of any of Bruno's works into German and one of the earliest translations of Bruno at all - as far as we can establish the second only preceded by an 18th century translation into English of "Spaccio della bestia trionfante". It is with the present edition of Jacobi's work that the interest in Bruno is founded and with which Bruno is properly introduced to the modern world. Jacobi not only provides what is supposedly the second earliest translation of any of Bruno's works ever to appear he also establishes the great influence that Bruno had on two of our greatest thinkers Spinoza and Leibnitz. It is now generally accepted that Spinoza founds his ethical thought upon Bruno and that Lebnitz has taken his concept of the "Monads" from him. It is Jacobi who with the second edition of his "Letters on Spinoza." for the first time ever puts Bruno where he belongs and establishes his position as one of the key figures of modern philosophy and thought. <br><br>Bruno's works the first editions of which are all of the utmost scarcity were not reprinted in their time and new editions of them did not begin appearing until the 19th century. For three centuries his works had been hidden away in libraries where only few people had access to them. Thus as important as his teachings were thinkers of the ages to come were largely reliant on more or less reliable renderings and reproductions of his thoughts. As Jacobi states in the preface to the second edition of his "Letters on Spinoza." "There appears in this new edition under the title of Appendices "Beylage" different essays of which I will here first give an account. The first Appendix is an excerpt from the extremely rare book "De la causa principio et Uno" by Jordan Bruno. This strange man was born one knows not in which year in Nola in the Kingdom of Naples; and died on February 17th 1600 in Rome on the stake. With great diligence Brucker has been gathering information on him but in spite of that has only been able to deliver fragments not in translation. For a long time his works were partly neglected due to their obscurity partly not respected due to the prejudice against the new opinions and thoughts expressed in them and partly loathed and suppressed due to the dangerous teachings they could contain. On these grounds the current scarcity of his works is easily understood. Brucker could only get to see the work "De Minimo" La Croce only had the book "De Immenso et Innumerabilibus" in front of him or at least he only provides excerpts from this also not in translation as Heumann does only from the "Physical Theorems" also small fragments not in translation; also Bayle had of Bruno's metaphysical works himself also merely read this work of which I here provide an excerpt." Vorrede pp. VII-VIII - own translation from the German. <br><br>Jacobi continues by stating that although everyone complains about the obscurity of Bruno's teachings and thoughts some of the greatest thinkers such as Gassendi Descartes "and our own Leibnitz" p. IX have taken important parts of their theorems and teachings from him. "I will not discuss this further and will merely state as to the great obscurity "grossen Dunkelheit" of which people accuse Bruno that I have found this in neither his book "de la Causa" nor in "De l'Infinito Universo et Mondi" of which I will speak implicitly on another occasion. As to the first book my readers will be able to judge for themselves from the sample "Probe" that I here present. My excerpt can have become a bit more comprehensible due to the fact that I have only presented the System of Bruno himself the "Philosophia Nolana" which he himself calls it in its continuity. My main purpose with this excerpt is by uniting Bruno with Spinoza at the same time to show and explain the "Summa of Philosophy" "Summa der Philosophie" of "En kai Pan" in Greek characters - meaning "One and All". . It is very difficult to outline "Pantheism" in its broader sense more purely and more beautifully than Bruno has done." Vorrede pp. IX-XI - own translation from the German. <br><br>So not only does Jacobi here provide this groundbreaking piece of Bruno's philosophy in the first translation ever and not only does he provide one of the most important interpretations of Spinoza's philosophy and establishes the importance of Bruno to much of modern thought he also presents Bruno as the primary exponent of "pantheism" thereby using Bruno to change the trajectory of modern thought and influencing all philosophy of the decades to come. After the second edition of Jacobi's "Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza" no self-respecting thinker could neglect the teachings of Bruno; he could no longer be written off as having "obscure" and insignificant teachings and one could no longer read Spinoza nor Leibnitz without thinking of Bruno. It is with this edition that the world rediscovers Bruno never to forget him again.<br><br>WITH THE FIRST EDITION OF "UEBER DIE LEHRE DES SPINOZA" 1785 JACOBI BEGINS THE FAMOUS "PATHEISMUSSTREIT" which focused attention on the apparent conflict between human freedom and any systematic philosophical interpretation of reality. <br>In 1780 Jacobi 1743-1819 famous for coining the term nihilism advocating "belief" and "revelation" instead of speculative reason thereby anticipating much of present-day literature and for his critique of the Sturm-und-Drang-era had a conversation with Lessing in which Lessing stated that the only true philosophy was Spinozism. This led Jacobi to a protracted and serious study of Spinoza's works. After Lessing's death in 1783 Jacobi began a lengthy letter-correspondende with Mendelssohn a close friend of Lessing on the philosophy of Spinoza. These letters with commentaries by Jacobi are what constitute the first edition of "Ueber die lehre des Spinoza" as well as the first part of the second edition. The second edition is of much greater importance however due to greatly influential Appendices. The work caused great furor and the enmity of the Enlightenment thinkers. Jacobi was ridiculed by his contemporaries for attempting to reintroduce into philosophy belief instead of reason was seen as an enemy of reason and Enlightenment as a pietist and as a Jesuit. <br><br>But the publication of the work not only caused great furor in wider philosophical circles there was also a personal side to the scandal which has made it one of the most debated books of the period: <br>"Mendelssohn enjoyed as noted at the outset a lifelong friendship with G. E. Lessing. Along with Mendelssohn Lessing embraced the idea of a purely rational religion and would endorse Mendelssohn's declaration: "My religion recognizes no obligation to resolve doubt other than through rational means; and it commands no mere faith in eternal truths" Gesammelte Schriften Volume 3/2 p. 205. To pietists of the day such declarations were scandalous subterfuges of an Enlightenment project of assimilating religion to natural reason. While Mendelssohn skillfully avoided that confrontation he found himself reluctantly unable to remain silent when after Lessing's death F. H. Jacobi contended that Lessing embraced Spinoza's pantheism and thus exemplified the Enlightenment's supposedly inevitable descent into irreligion.<br>Following private correspondence with Jacobi on the issue and an extended period when Jacobi in personal straits at the time did not respond to his objections Mendelssohn attempted to set the record straight about Lessing's Spinozism in "Morning Hours". Learning of Mendelssohn's plans incensed Jacobi who expected to be consulted first and who accordingly responded by publishing without Mendelssohn's consent their correspondence - "On the Teaching of Spinoza in Letters to Mr. Moses Mendelssohn" - a month before the publication of "Morning Hours". Distressed on personal as well as intellectual levels by the controversy over his departed friend's pantheism Mendelssohn countered with a hastily composed piece "To the Friends of Lessing: an Appendix to Mr. Jacobi's Correspondence on the Teaching of Spinoza". According to legend so anxious was Mendelssohn to get the manuscript to the publisher that forgetting his overcoat on a bitterly cold New Year's eve he delivered the manuscript on foot to the publisher. That night he came down with a cold from which he died four days later prompting his friends to charge Jacobi with responsibility for Mendelssohn's death.<br>The sensationalist character of the controversy should not obscure the substance and importance of Mendelssohn's debate with Jacobi. Jacobi had contended that Spinozism is the only consistent position for a metaphysics based upon reason alone and that the only solution to this metaphysics so detrimental to religion and morality is a leap of faith that salto mortale that poor Lessing famously refused to make. Mendelssohn counters Jacobi's first contention by attempting to demonstrate the metaphysical inconsistency of Spinozism. He takes aim at Jacobi's second contention by demonstrating how the "purified Spinozism" or "refined pantheism" embraced by Lessing is in the end only nominally different from theism and thus a threat neither to religion nor to morality." SEP.<br><br>The Beylagen which are not included in the 1785 first edition and only appear with the 1789 second edition include: I. Auszug aus Jordan Bruno von Nola. Von der Ursache dem Princip und dem Einen p. 261-306 II. Diokles an Diotime �ber den Atheismus p. 307-327 translation of Lettre . sur l'Ath�isme by F. Hemsterhuis. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 45724

‎DARWIN CHARLES. FIRST GERMAN TRANSLATION OF "ORIGIN OF SPECIES".‎

‎�ber die Entstehung der Arten im Thier-und Pflanzen-Reich durch nat�rliche Z�chtung oder Erhaltung der vervollkommneten Rassen im Kampfe um's Daseyn. Nach der zweiten Auflage mit einer geschichtlichen Vorrede und andern Zus�tzen des Verfassers f�r diese deutsche Ausgabe aus dem Englischen �bersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen von H.G. Bronn.‎

‎Stuttgart E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung und Druckerei 1860. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Small stamp and previous owner signature to title page. Leather on lower part of spine with a tear and part detached. Hinges weak but book-block firmly attached. VIII including half 520 6 pp 1 plate. � The very scarce first edition of the highly important first German translation which appeared just months after the original.<br>This translation came to play a tremendous role in the spreading of Darwinism in Germany and Northern Europe in general. It was through this translation that Darwinian thought reached most of the German scientists and thinkers of the period and it was this translation that challenged German scholars to think in new ways about morphology systematics paleontology and other biological disciplines. It was from this translation that Ernst Haeckel Darwin's most famous nineteenth-century proponent and popularizer in Germany got his Darwinism and was able to further spread the new ideas in his own country. <br><br>The German translation of Darwin's "The Origin of Species" appeared in 1860 just months after the original thanks to Heinrich Georg Bronn a distinguished German paleontologist whose work in some ways paralleled Darwin's. Bronn's version of the book with his own notes and commentary appended did much to determine how Darwin's theory was understood and applied by German biologists for the translation process involved more than the mere substitution of German words for English.<br><br>"Its Origin of Species greatest impact on German biological practice lay in the introduction of historical modes of explanation for the observable phenomena of living nature. The historical approach to nature was rejected not only by the opponents of evolution but also by the idealist evolutionist. Whether they favored a teleological or a reductionist biology the idealists could not see the point of a theory that emphasized the irregularities and exceptions in the organic world. In the timeless real of idealist thinking unchanging laws worked out an inevitable destiny. But Darwin taught his followers to look at living beings one by one. Thus prompted they recognized as if for the first time the surprising fact of anomaly and the wisdom of an open-ended theory." Glick The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. <br><br>"Darwin was not happy about the first German translation. It was done from the second English edition by H.G. Bronn who had at Darwin's suggestion added an appendix of the difficulties which occurred to him; but he had also excised bits of which he did not approve. This edition also contains the historical sketch in its shorter and earlier form." Freeman.<br><br>Freeman No 672 - Freeman does not mention the lithographed plate. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 50927

‎BULGAKOV MIKHAEL. FIRST EDITION OF THE GLENNY TRANSLATION‎

‎The Master and Margarita. Translated from the Russian by Michael Glenny.‎

‎London Collins and Harvill Press 1967. Original full green cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Original illustrated dust-jacket with 2 small closed tears to rear of dustjacket. Not price-clipped. Clean and fine. � The uncommon first edition first issue of the first complete translation of Bulgakov's seminal main work being the standard English version of one of the greatest novels of the 20th century and one of the foremost Soviet satires.<br><br>Glenny's translation is preceded by Ginsberg's which appeared earlier the same year but which is a translation from a censored Soviet text and therefore incomplete. Glenny's translation is generally considered the best of the six different translations into English that have now appeared; it is considered more smooth and much closer to the intention of Bulgakov than the modern translations which are lacking in idiomatic flow. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 47005

‎BRAHE TYGE TYCHO. THE FIRST DANISH TRANSLATION OF "DE NOVA STELLA".‎

‎Den Ny Stjerne 1572. Oversat fra Latin af Otto Gelsted under medvirken af Th�ger Larsen med Efterskrift af Harald Mortensen og Noter af Th�ger Larsen. Omslagstitlen. Danskerens Tyge Brahe's matematiske Betragtning over den Ny og aldrig nogensinde f�r sete Stjerne.1. titelblad. - Tychonis Brahe de Nova et Nvllivs.Stella.2. titelblad.‎

‎Lemvig Atlantis' Forlag 1923. Ubesk�ret i originale bogtrykte omslag. De f�rste og sidste blade med lidt brunpletter. 2562 pp. tekstillustrationer. S�rtryk af Atlantis. Nr. 122 af 200 salgseksemplarer hele oplaget var p� 250 eksemplarer. Nederste margin af omslaget med en svag skjold.<br><br>Uncut in the original printed wrappers. First and last leaves with a bit of brownspotting. Lower margin of wrapper with a faint damp stain. 2562 pp. tekstillustrationer. � F�rste danske overs�ttelse af Brahes "De Nova Stella". V�rket er aldrig blevet oversat i sin helhed men Gelsted og Th�ger Larsen har her oversat v�rkets astronomiske del for f�rste gang i det 350. �r efter dens f�rste udgivelse. <br><br>First edition of the first Danish translation of any part of Brahe's seminal "De Nova Stella" 1573. The work has never been translated in its entirety but here we have Gelted and Th�ger Larsen's excellent translation of the astronomical part of it published 350 years after its original publication in Latin. This is nr. 122 out of 200 copies that were for sale being an offprint from "Atlantis". unknown‎

Referencia librero : 45598

‎CONFUSIUS. CHUN CIEU THE FIRST TRANSLATION INTO A WESTERN LANGUAGE.‎

‎De Confucii Libro Chun cieu. Auctore T.S. Bayer. Theophilus Siegfried Bayer.‎

‎Petropoli St. Petersburg Typis Academiae 1740. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Classes Tertia continens Historica. Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae" Tomus VII ad Annos 1734 & 1735. The whole section of "Historica"offered. Title-page to Tome VII with engraved vignette halftitle to the section a. pp. 345-426 6 engraved plates. Bayer's paper: pp. 362-426 and 5 engraved plates with numerous chinese characters. Clean and broad-margined. � First printing in part of the first Western translation of any part of Confusius' influential Chun Cieu being the fourth volume of his works. <br>"The title Chun Cieu Chunqiu signifies the Spring and Autumn. He discourses like an historian of the expditions of diversr princes of their Virtues and Vices of the fatigues they underwent. The title is an emblematic title because that states flourish when their Princes are endowed wit Virtue and Wisdom which is represented by the Spring and that on the contrary they fall like the leaves and are utterly destroyed when their Princes are dispirated or are wicked which is represented by the Autumn."James Legge.<br>The section also comprises Bayer. Elementa Calmucia. 1 pp. and 1 engraved plate numerous characters and Bayer. De Venedis et Eridano Fluvvio. Pp. 346-361. unknown‎

Referencia librero : 50862

‎QUINE WILLARD ORMAN VAN. THE INDETERMINACY OF TRANSLATION PRESENTATION COPY OF QUINE'S MAIN WORK‎

‎Word and Object.‎

‎N.Y. Wiley & Sons 1960. 8vo. Orig. olive green full cloth w. gilt and black lettering and blindstamped seal to front board and in orig. d.-j. Binding w. a bit of sunning and soiling to spine and minor bumping to capitals and corners otherwise nice and clean. With the rare original dust-jacket in excellent condition w. a tear to upper front hinge no loss and a few other small nicks and tears w. almost no loss. Some underlinings and marginalia in pencil. XV 1 294 pp. � First edition presentation-copy of Quine's main work in which he introduces the notorious indeterminacy of translation thesis. This is the most philosophical of all of Quine's works and it has greatly affected the development of logic philosophy of language and mathematics and analytic philosophy in general.<br><br>The presentation-inscription to front free end-paper reads as thus: "To Rod Firth/ with best regards./ Van". Roderick Firth was Quine's colleague as professor of philosophy at Harvard. He was chairman of the philosophy department at Harvard from 1957 until 1963. He earned a doctorate at Harvard in 1943 joined the faculty in 1953 and became Alford Professor of Natural Religion Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity in 1962.<br><br>It is in his "Word and Object" that Quine propounds his "indeterminacy of translation"-thesis which became central in the development of philosophy of language. "Language is a social art. In acquiring it we have to depend on intersubjectively available cues such as to what to say and when. Hence there is no justification for collating linguistic meanings unless in terms of men's dispositions to respond overtly to socially observable stimulations." Preface p. IX.<br><br>Quine bases his main thesis on his consideration of the linguist who attempts to translate a hitherto unknown language. There are different methods that the linguist could apply as to the breaking down of sentences and distribution of function among the words. Quine reaches the conclusion that if any hypothesis of translation needs to be defended this can only be by appeal to context by determining what other sentences the language user would utter in the language that is unknown to the linguist. But even here the indeterminacy of translation sets in because according to Quine any hypothesis can be defended if only enough other hypotheses of other parts of the language are adopted. <br>This indeterminacy of language also applies to the known languages and even one's own and thus Quine implies that there are no such entities as "meanings" of right and wrong. Quine thus denies any absolute standards in translating one language into another but he admits that there are good and bad translation -this is just not philosophically or logically relevant. Translation can be inconsistent with behavioral evidence however and thus Quine propounds his pragmatic view of translation. <br><br>"Neurath has likened science to a boat which if we are to rebuild it we must rebuild plank by plank while staying afloat in it. The philosopher and the scientist are in the same boat. If we improve our understanding of ordinary talk of physical things it will not be by reducing that talk to a more familiar idiom; there is none. It will be by clarifying the connections causal or otherwise between ordinary talk of physical things and various further matters which in turn we grasp with the help of ordinary talk of physical things." P. 3 - � 9. hardcover‎

Referencia librero : 38725