‎Discovery‎

‎Forum on Drug Discovery Development and Translation‎

‎Characterizing and Communicating Uncertainty in the Assessment of Benefits and Risks of Pharmaceutical Products: Workshop Summary‎

‎Paperback / softback. New. paperback‎

Bookseller reference : A9780309310000 ISBN : 0309310008 9780309310000

‎George Butler Producer; American Museum of Natural History; Discovery International; Nova Entertainment; Sveriges Television AB;‎

‎The Endurance - Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition‎

‎Sony Pictures Home Entertainment 2000-01-01. DVD. Like New. Like new condition-complete w/case insert & MINT DVD. First class shipping. Most items ships same day w/ FREE delivery confirmation. Great feedback! Sony Pictures Home Entertainment unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 200303005

‎Discovery Channel‎

‎Mapping the Earth Discovery Channel School‎

‎Discovery Channel 2000. Paperback. Acceptable. Disclaimer:A readable copy. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. Pages can include considerable notes-in pen or highlighter-but the notes cannot obscure the text. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Discovery Channel paperback‎

Bookseller reference : G158738146XI5N00 ISBN : 158738146X 9781587381461

‎PRIESTLEY JOSEPH. PMM 217 THE DISCOVERY OF OXYGEN‎

‎Observations on different Kinds of Air. By Joseph Priestley LL.D.F.R.S. An Account of further Discoveries in Air Observations on Respiration and the Use of the Blood Experiments relating to Phlogiston and the seeming Conversion of Water into Air.‎

‎London Lockyer Davis 1772 1775 1776 & 1783. 4to. In recent marbled paper wrappers. Extracted from "Philosophical Transactions". Including title-page of volume. Most leaves reinforced in margin. Light offsetting from folded plates as usual. Plate depicting the full telescope with professional repair to lower right corner. Pp. 4 147-264 383-394 225-248 397-434. � First edition of Priestley's landmark paper on pneumatic chemistry. In this present work which marked an new epoch in the history of chemistry he announced the discovery of hydrochloric acid and nitric oxide as well as the discovery that plants restored air that had been vitiated by combustion putrefaction and respiration. Priestley's 'contribution to the knowledge of gases were crucial. He improved the technique for studying them by collecting them over mercury instead of water so that many more gases could be observed.His many chemical discoveries contributed to the "chemical revolution"' PMM<br><br>"The paper here for which the Royal Society awarded Priestley the Copley medal announced the discovery of hydrochloric acid and nitric oxide and the use of the latter in measuring the purity of air which led through the work of Cavendish Fontana and others to exact eudiometry. Priestley also observed that plants consume carbon dioxide and gave out oxygen thereby purifying air which has been vitiated by combustion respiration and putrefaction and that this action takes place only under daylight." Printing and the Mind of Man No. 217.<br><br>"In this paper he also announced two new gases that he had obtained - nitrous oxide and carbonic oxide; these won him the Royal Society's Copley medal. Two years later his experiments in heating red oxide of mercury produced "dephlogisticated air" which was announced in 1775 and identified by Lavoisier as oxygen." Dibner Heralds of Science No. 40.<br><br>The work contains a proposal to saturate water with carbonic acid under either atmospheric or increased pressure which led to the creation of the mineral-water industry.<br>The Centenary of the discovery of oxygen was celebrated at Priestley's American home at Northumberland Pennsylvania and was followed in 1876 by the foundation of the American Chemical Society. PMM. <br><br>PMM 217. <br>Honeyman No. 2535 - <br>Barchas 1718. <br>Dibner 40 <br>Norman 1749 unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 57072

‎COMPTON ARTHUR HOLLY. THE DISCOVERY OF THE COMPTON EFFECT NOBEL PRIZE PAPER‎

‎A Quantum Theory of the scattering of X-Rays by Light Elements.‎

‎Lancaster American Physical Society 1923. Royal8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In: Physical Review Second Series Vol. 25 No. 5 May 1923. With black cloth back-strip. Front wrapper missing top right corner and front wrapper washed/polished. Internally fine and clean. Compton's paper: pp. 483-502. Entire issue: Pp: 483-584. � First printing of this milestone paper in quantum physics in which Compton verifies Planck's quantum postulate and found that some of the X-rays had in scattering lenghtened their wavelenght. This phenomena was called the "Compton Effect" in his honour. For this discovery Compton received the Nobel prize in physics in 1927.<br><br>"Compton was able to account for this lenghtening of wavelenght by presuming that a photon of light struch an electron which recoiled subtracting some energy from the photon and therefore increasing its wavelenght. This made it seem that a photon acted as a particle: thus after more than a century the particulate natuer of light as evolved by Newton was revived. What itamounted to was that Compton brought to fruition the view that electromagnetic radiation had both a wave aspect and a particle aspect and that the aspect which was most evident depended on how the radiation was tested. De Broglie was at the same time showing that this held true also for ordinary particles such as electrons." Asimov<br><br>Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1923 P. - Sigmund Brandt "The Harvest of as Century" Episode 31. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 57202

‎Discovery Books Staff; Robert W. Jones‎

‎Rocks and Minerals‎

‎Discovery Books 1999. Paperback. Very Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read but remains in excellent condition. Pages are intact and are not marred by notes or highlighting but may contain a neat previous owner name. The spine remains undamaged. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Discovery Books paperback‎

Bookseller reference : G1563318032I4N00 ISBN : 1563318032 9781563318030

‎Discovery Books Staff; Robert W. Jones‎

‎Rocks and Minerals‎

‎Discovery Books 1999. Paperback. Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting and the copy can include previous owner inscriptions. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Discovery Books paperback‎

Bookseller reference : G1563318032I3N00 ISBN : 1563318032 9781563318030

‎Coastal Discovery Museum; Coastal Doscovery Museum‎

‎Hilton Head Island‎

‎Arcadia Publishing Library Editions. Hardcover. 1531600328 Brand New! No Remainder Marks or Worn Dirty Overstocks!VCF . New. Arcadia Publishing Library Editions hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : OTF-S-9781531600327 ISBN : 1531600328 9781531600327

‎Discovery Girls‎

‎Discovery Girls Guide To Growing Up.Everything You Need to Know About Your Changing Body‎

‎2013-01-02. Good. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. May be re-issue. May be ex-library. Shipping & Handling by region. Buy with confidence excellent customer service! unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 193476616Xq ISBN : 193476616x 9781934766163

‎Discovery House Publishers‎

‎Creation Sings His Praise: 90 Devotions on Nature from Our Daily Bread‎

‎2012-01-01. Good. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. May be re-issue. May be ex-library. Shipping & Handling by region. Buy with confidence excellent customer service! unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 1572946709 ISBN : 1572946709 9781572946705

‎FLEMING ALEXANDER. THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN‎

‎On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium with special reference to their use in the Isolation of B. Influenzae. In: British Journal of Experimental Pathology Vol. X No. 3.‎

‎London 1929. 4to. Entire vol. X 1929 bound in black full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Hinges a bit weak and end-papers renewed. A few leaves loosening a bit. All in all a good sound copy. Book plate of Frank J. Farrell to inside of front board. Pp. 226-228 2 pp. - photographic illustrations pp. 229-236. Entire volume: VII 1 407 pp. � Seminal first printing of the groundbreaking paper that announces for the first time one of the most revolutionizing discoveries of modern times namely penicillin. Fleming's accidental discovery and isolation of penicillin in September 1928 published here for the first time marks the introduction of the age of useful antibiotics. This magnificent discovery would not only completely change the world of modern medicine it would change the course of history continually saving millions of lives around the world. <br><br>"When I woke up just after dawn on September 28 1928 I certainly didn't plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic or bacteria killer. But I suppose that was exactly what I did." Alexander Fleming. <br><br>Fleming reported his great discovery in the present paper published in "British Journal of Experimental Pathology". An original offprint of the paper was also made but that is of the utmost scarcity and possibly only one copy has survived although some estimate three copies to be in existence. For a long time a reprint from 1944 was thought to be the original offprint but that later turned out not to be the case. The 1944 reprint was commissioned by Fleming himself because he could locate no copies of the original. <br><br>PMM 420a; Norman 798; Grolier 96. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 54949

‎Discovery House Publishers‎

‎Our Daily Bread Gift Edition‎

‎2010-09-04. Good. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. May be re-issue. May be ex-library. Shipping & Handling by region. Buy with confidence excellent customer service! unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 1572933933q ISBN : 1572933933 9781572933934

‎Discovery House Publishers‎

‎Jesus Man Messiah or More - Daylight Bible Studies Study Guide‎

‎2010-07-01. Good. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. May be re-issue. May be ex-library. Shipping & Handling by region. Buy with confidence excellent customer service! unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 1572933976 ISBN : 1572933976 9781572933972

‎RITTER JOHANN W.. THE DISCOVERY OF "CHEMICAL RAYS" ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AND RADIATION.‎

‎Announcing his discovery of ultraviolet light "Von den Herren Ritter und B�ckmann. - - Am 22sten Febr. habe ich auch auf der Seite des Violetts im Farbespectrum ausserhalb desselben Sonnenstrahlen angetroffen.‎

‎Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1801. Without wrappers as published in "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 7 Viertes St�ck. The entire issue offered =Heft 4. Pp. 387-528. Ritter's announcement p. 525. With titlepage to volume 7. Clean and fine. Titlepage a bit shavedin inner margin. � First printing of Ritter's announcement of his discovery of ultraviolet light in a halfpage letter addressed to Gilbert's Annalen. With that discovery it became clear that visible light represents no more than a fraction of a continous spectrum.<br><br>A year earlier in 1800 William Herschel discovered infrared light. This was the first time that a form of light beyond visible light had been detected. After hearing about Herschel's discovery of an invisible form of light beyond the red portion of the spectrum Ritter decided to conduct experiments to determine if invisible light existed beyond the violet end of the spectrum as well. He had heard that blue light caused a greater reaction in silver chloride than red light did. Ritter decided to measure the rate at which silver chloride reacted to the different colors of light. He directed sunlight through a glass prism to create a spectrum. He then placed silver chloride in each color of the spectrum and found that it showed little change in the red part of the spectrum but darkened toward the violet end of the spectrum. Johann Ritter then decided to place silver chloride in the area just beyond the violet end of the spectrum in a region where no sunlight was visible. To his amazement this region showed the most intense reaction of all. This showed for the first time that an invisible form of light existed beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. This new type of light which Ritter called Chemical Rays later became known as ultraviolet light or ultraviolet radiation the word ultra means beyond. - Parkinson Breakthroughs: 1801 P. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 43492

‎HERSCHEL JOHN WF. DISCOVERY OF PRUSSIAN BLUE IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES. W. F.‎

‎On the Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on Vegetable Colours and on some new Photographic Processes. Received June 15 - Read June 16 1842.‎

‎London Richard and John E. Taylor 1842. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1842 - Part II. Pp. 181-214 and one double-page folded engraved plate. � First appearance of a pioneer-paper in the history of early photography in which Herschel announced some of his importent discoveries of the photographic printing processes the process of photographic contact-printing in Prussian blue brought to light just three years after Louis Daguerre and Henry Talbot had announced their independent inventions of photography in silver using metal and paper substrates respectively. and the photographic properties of red ferro sesquicyanuret of potassium.<br><br>"This is the first recorded observation of Prussian blue being formed for a photographic purpose by the action of light on potassium ferricyanide so it represents the moment of discovery of the first cyanotype process although this name still lay in the future. The significance of this observation impressed Herschel sufficiently to mention it also in his general diary entry for 23 April 1842."<br>Mike Ware in "John Herschel's Cyanotype. Invention or discovery ". unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 42843

‎HEWISH A. ET AL. THE DISCOVERY OF PULSARS‎

‎Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source.‎

‎London Macmillian and Co 1968. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full cloth with title to spine. In "Nature" Vol. 217 1968. Library stamp to upper right corner of title page otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 709-13. Entier volume: XL 1298 pp. � First printing of the discovery of pulsars. Hewish was in 1974 awarded the Nobel Prize in physics "for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars".<br><br>"Their discovery reported in 1968 came as a complete surprise and astonishingly their radio signals behave like the ticks of a super-accurate clock. The unique characteristics of pulsars have since been used to explore the behaviour of gravity the nature of nuclear matter the late evolutionary stages of massive stars and the character of the interstellar medium". A Century of Nature. <br><br>"Antony Hewish had played a central role in the development of aperture synthesis and in 1964 began the study of the twinkling or scintillation of radio sources due to irregularities in the outflow of material from the Sun what is known as the solar wind. A remarkable by-product of these studies was the discovery of pulsating radio sources subsequently called pulsars by Hewish and his graduate student Jocelyn Bell. These objects were soon convincingly identified as rapidly rotating magnetized neutrons stars which had been predicted to exist on theoretical grounds. Their serendipitous discovery at long radio wavelengths was a crucial event for all astronomy." DSB. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 46965

‎LOMONOSOW LOMONOSOV MICHAELE MIKHAIL. THE DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSITION OF A METAL INTO PASSIVE STATE.‎

‎Dissertatio de Actione Menstruorum Chymicorum in Genere. Considerations of the Action of chemical Solvents.‎

‎Petropoli St. Petersbourg 1750. 4to. Uncut without wrappers. Extracted from "Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae" Tom. I. ad Annum 1747 et 1748. Pp. 245-266 a. 1 engraved plate ad. p. 251. Clean and fine. � First appearance of a groundbreaking paper in chemistry in which Lomonosov describes his discovery of the transition of a metal into passive state and this is the first scientific description of this phenomena. He observed and described fast termination of the dissolution of iron in concentrated nitric acid and attributed this to a change in the solvent properties.<br>"Lomonosov employed corpuscular mechanics in chemical explanations more extensively than Boyle had done. Treating chemical compounds as particles in adhesion he held that "adhesion is eliminated and renewed by means of motion.since no change in a body can take place withouy motion". He attempted to apply these theories to chemical phenomena - although he was limited to speculation- in papers on the action of chemical solvents in general."DSB VIII p. 469.<br><br>"Lomonosov was founder of Russian science and he would be universally recognized as a great pioneer of science had he been born a West European. He was famous also for his literary works including poems and dramas. In 1755 he wrote a Russian Grammar that reformed the language and in the same year he helped found the University of Moscow. In 1760 he published the first history of Russia."Isaac Asimov. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 42895

‎HERSCHEL WILLIAM. THE DISCOVERY OF INFRARED RADIATION.‎

‎Untersuchungen �ber die w�rmende und die erleuchtende Kraft der farbigen Sonnenstrahlen; Versuch �ber die nichht-sichbaren Strahlen der Sonne und deren Brechbarkeit; und Einrichtung grosser Teleskope zu Sonnenbeobachtungen.‎

‎Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1801. Without wrappers as published in "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 7 Zweites St�ck. The entire issue offered =Heft 2. Pp. 137-264 a. 2 folded engraved plates. Herschels papers: pp. 137-156. The plate depicts Herschel's experimental arrangements. � First appearance in German of Herschel's epochal announcement of his discovery of infrared light in 1800. This was the first time that a form of light beyond visible light had been detected. The paper offered is the German translation of the main parts of Herschel's paper "An Investigation of the Powers of Prismatic Colours to Heat and Illuminate Objects".<br><br>"In 1800 he tested various portions of the sun's spectrum by thermometer to see if he could find interesting differences in the amount of heat the different colors delivered. He did but in a rather unexpected way for he found that the temperature rise was highest in no color at all at a spot beyond the red end of the spectrum. He concluded that the sunlight contained invisible light beyond the red. This is now called infrared radiation. The following year Ritter was to extend the visible spectrum in the other direction."Asimov.<br>Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1800 P. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 43599

‎CHADWICK JAMES LISE MEITNER OR. FRISCH H. von HALBAN F. JOLIOT L. KOWARSKI. PMM 422 b c d. DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON‎

‎Possible Existence of a Neutron Chadwick. Bound with: Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction Meitner and Frisch. Withbound: Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment. Frisch. Withbound: Liberations of Neutrons in the Nuclear Explosion of Uranium. Von Halban Joliot Kowarski.‎

‎London Nature 1932 a.1939. 4to. Blank wrappers. All 4 extracted from "Nature" Nos. 3252 Febr. 1932 3615 Febr.1939 3616 Febr. 1939 and 3620 March 1939. � All four papers in first edition. In 1932 James Chadwich proved the existence of th atomic particles carrying no electric charge which for this reason he called 'neutrons' the first item offered here. "In 1934 Senator Corbino head of the physics department at the University of Rome urged Enrico Fermi and his collaborators among whom was Brune Pontecorvo to patent a proces they had perfected for the production of artificial radio-activity by slow neutron bombardement. This process was a by-product of repetitions and enlargements of a discovery by Irene Curie and her husband Fredeic Joliot that the bombardment of certain light elements with alpha particles induced radio-activity. Further experiments conducted in 1938 at Berlin by Hahn and Strassmann were reported by Lise Meitner.She and her nephew O.R. Frisch working with Niels Bohr's laboratory found the true explanation of these phenomena. The interpolation of a neutron into the nucleus of a uranium atom caused it to divide into two parts and to release energy amounting to about 200000000 electron volts. This process bore such a close similarity to the division of a living cell that Frisch suggested the use of the term 'fission' to describe it.Halban Jolio and Kowarski established the theoretical possibility of a self-perpetuating reaction." Carter/Muir. - Printing and the Mind of Man No. 422bc and d. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 38836

‎RUTHERFORD E. ERNEST. THE DISCOVERY OF THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS THE RUTHERFORD ATOMIC MODEL.‎

‎The Scattering of alpha and beta Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom.‎

‎London Taylor and Francis 1911. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt tome-and titlelabels in red and green with gilt lettering. Crack to leather along hinges but still holding. "The London Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science" Sixth Series Vol. XXI. 781 pp. and 7 folded plates. A stamp on verso of titlepage. Entire volume offered. Rutherford's paper: pp. 669-688. Clean and fine. � First appearance of one of the most influential papers in physics in the 20th Century describing the discovery of the ATOMIC NUCLEUS and suggesting that the atom consists of a small central nucleus surrounded by electrons. This view of the atom is the one accepted today and it replaced the concept of the featureless indivisible spheres of Democritus which dominated atomistic thinking for twenty-three centuries. Rutherford's 'nuclear atom' was a few years later by Niels Bohr combined with the quantum theory of light to form the basis of his famous theory of the hydrogen atom.<br><br>Hans Geiger Rutherford's assistant in his work on alpha particles tells "One day Rutherford came into my room obviously in the best of moods and told me that now he knew what the atom looked like and what the strong scatterings signified." - On 7 March 1911 Rutherford presented his principal results to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. The definitive paper came out in the May issue of "Philosophical Magazine" the paper offered here.<br><br>"After the first five or sic years of intense activity following the discovery of radioactivity there was a brief lull untill 1911 when a new series of fundamental discoveries was made. These began with the discoveries of the nucleus and of artificial atomic transmutations by Rutherford. By 1811 it was known that electrons entered into the constitution of atoms and Barkla had shown that each atom has approximately A/2 electrons where A is the atomis weight. J.J.Thomson had conceived of a model of an atom according to which the electrons were distributed inside a positively charged sphere. To verify this hypothesis Rutherford had the idea of bombarding matter using alpha-radiation of radioactive bodies and measuring the angles through which the rays were deflected as they passsed through matter. For the Thomson model of the atom the deflections should rarely be more than 1 or 2 degrees.However Rutherford's experiments showed that deflections of more than 90 degrees could occur particularly with heavy nuclei."Taton Edt. Science in the Twentieth Century p. 210.<br><br>The volume contains other notable papers by Michelson Raman Tyndall Thomson Lord Rayleigh Tolman Barkla Wilson Millikan et al. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 46914

‎LOCKYER JOSEPH NORMAN THE DISCOVERY OF HELIUM.‎

‎Spectroscopic Observations of the Sun.- No. II. Received November 19- Read November 19 and 26 1868. With additional notes Nov. 26 April 9 1869 Oct. 10 1869.‎

‎London Taylor and Sons 1870. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1869 Vol. 159 - Part I. Pp. 425-444 and 2 lithographed plates 1 with the spectrum of helium 1 with his spectroscope not requiring eclipses to function. Clean and fine. � First appearance of this milestone paper in chemistry physics and astronomy announcing the discovery of helium in the sun and naming it 'helium' for Helios the Greek God of the Sun. In the same paper he demonstrates his invention of the spectroscope by which the prominences of the sun could be observed and studied without an eclipse by leading the light from the very edge of the sun through a prism. - Helium was not discovered on the earth before 1895 by William Ramsay and it was Crookes who established its identity with the helium Lockyer observed in the spectrum of the sun.<br><br>"This the last discovery was announced on the same day by the French astronomer Janssen who was in India observing a total eclipse. As a result the French government some ten years later struck a medallion showing the heads of both scientists.<br>By that time the two men had made a much more dramatic discovery at the same time this time in cooperation. Janssen studying the spectrum ofthe sun during the eclipse had noted a fine line he did not recognize. he send a report on this to Lockyer an acknowledges expert on solar spectra. Lockyer compared the reported position of the line with lines of known elements concluding that it must belong to a yeat unknown element possibly not even existing on the earth. He named the element from the Greek word for the sun."Asimov. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 42423

‎LEJEUNE JEROME + Mlle MARTHE GAUTHIER + M. RAYMOND TURPIN. THE DISCOVERY OF TRISOMY 21 THE CAUSE OF DOWN'S SYNDROME‎

‎�tude des chromosomes somatiques des neuf enfants mongoliens. In: Comptes Rendus. Academies des Sciences Paris 1959 248.‎

‎Paris 1959. 4to. No wrappers. Fine and clean. The paper: Pp. 1721-22. Entire issue offered pp.: 1597-1732. � First printing of the seminal paper that first described the cause of Down's Syndrome trisomy-21 or the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. <br><br>"Currently Down syndrome DS is one of the most common birth defects affecting about one in every 750 live births. John Langdon Down first described this condition in the medical literature in 1866 documenting the various symptoms associated with the syndrome but failing to determine their cause. In fact the cause of DS remained unknown for nearly 100 years following Down's work. Then in the 1950s i.e. in the present paper researchers finally determined the source of DS: the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 a condition often referred to as trisomy 21.<br>Since the discovery of trisomy 21 scientists have made great strides in Down syndrome research." Clare O'Connor in: Nature Education.<br><br>"As previously mentioned almost 100 years elapsed between Down's medical description of DS and the discovery of the cause of this condition. But why was this the case It was certainly not for lack of trying. Many theories for the cause of DS were put forth in the century after Down's publication. Some physicians even made the key observation that older mothers had a higherfrequency of DS babies and they postulated that the condition was caused by what they termed "uterine exhaustion." Gradually researchers narrowed in on the real cause of DS: achromosomal abnormality. In fact researchers now realize that older mothers have more babies with DS because the frequency of meiotic nondisjunction increases in women with age.<br><br>The reason that cytologists in the early twentieth century failed to correctly diagnose DS is almost certainly due to technical limitations. Chromosome 21 is the smallest human chromosome and procedures for examining human chromosomes were still being developed during the first part of the century. Many early cytologists had in fact studied chromosomes from DS patients but none had been able to detect a supernumerary copy of chromosome 21. A breakthrough finally occurred in 1956 when Joe Hin Tjio and Albert Levan described a set of experimental conditions that allowed them to correctly identify the number of human chromosomes as 46. Within three years of the publication of this groundbreaking work Jerome Lejeune in France and Patricia Jacobs in the United States were able to identify a supernumerary copy of chromosome 21 in karyotypes prepared from DS patients. Trisomy 21 is now accepted to be the major cause of DS accounting for about 95% of cases." Clare O'Connor in: Nature Education.<br><br>Garrison & Morton: 4962.5 unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 50013

‎YOUNG THOMAS. THE DISCOVERY OF THE INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. Experiments and Calculations relative to physical Optics. Read November 24 1803.‎

‎London W. Bulmer and Co. 1804. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1804 - Part I. Pp. 1-16. With titlepage to the volume Part I. Light browning to titlepage otherwise fine. � First appearance of this groundbreaking paper giving the first really convincing evidence that the fringes are produced by interference of light waves and giving the experimental demonstrations of the general law of Interference.This importent demonstration served as the experimental basis for the wave hypothesis of light. - In his two preceeding papers "On the Theory of Light and Colours" 1802 and "An account of Some Cases of the Production of Colours not hitherto described" 1802 - he only partially announced his principle of Interference and the statement of it in "An Account." was entirely hypothetical and not experimental. Magie. Source Book in Physics gives extracts of this paper and a later paper under the head: Discovery of the interference of light pp.308-15.<br>Young also shows in this paper that diffraction effects can be explained by the interference law.<br><br>"The experimental basis for the wave hypothesis of light as Young formulated it was interference. The fact has already been observed that two trauins of water waves may be so superposed that in certain regions the throughs of one train will lie continuously on the crests of another thereby producing zero disturbance.Destryctive interference is said to occur between the two trains of waves in the former case and constructivee interference in lthe latter. Similarly two sound waves may be so combined as to produce alternate regions of silence and enhanced sound. The phenomenon of interference of which the forgoing are familiar examples is easely comprehensible in the case of combining waves but would be utterly incomprehensible in the case of combining streams of particles. So when Young demonstrated in 1803 in the paper offered here that two beams of light could under properly controlled conditions be made to combine in such a way as to produce alternate regions of darkness and light he was rightly considered to have identified in light a characteristic property of waves." Lloyd Taylor in: Physics. The Pioneer Science. p. 511.<br>Of the three papers published in the years 1802-04 this paper is the most importent as it gives the experimental demonstrations of the interference of light. Dibner in Herlalds of Science No. 151 list the first paper so does PMM: 259. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 45880

‎BROGLIE DE BROGLIE LOUIS DE . DISCOVERY OF THE WAVE THEORY OF MATTER AND CREATION OF WAVE MECHANICS‎

‎Ondes et quanta. Note de M. Louis de Broglie pr�sent�e par M. Jean Perrin. S�ance du 10 Septembre 1923. Quanta de lumi�re diffraction et interf�rences. Note de M. Louis de Broglie transmise par M. Jean Perrin. S�ance du 24 Septembre 1923. Les quanta la th�orie cin�tique des gaz et le principe de Fermat. Note de M. Louis de Broglie pr�sent�e par M. Deslandres. Seance du 8 Octobre 1923. 3 Papers.‎

‎Paris Gauthier-Villars et Cie 1923. 4to. Bound in one contemp. full buckram. Spines gilt and with gilt lettering. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S�ances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 177. Bound with orig. printed front-wrapper to No. 1 half-title and title-page to vol. 177. 1513 pp. Entire volume offered. De Broglie's papers: pp. 507-510 pp. 548-551 a. pp. 630-32. Clean and fine. A punched stamp on foot of title-page. � First edition of these papers which ESTABLISHED A NEW ERA IN PHYSICS by introducing the epochal new principle that particle-wave duality should apply not only to radiation but also to matter and thus CREATING QUANTUM MECHANICS. These 3 papers were extended to form his doctoral thesis of 1924 "Recherches sur la Th�orie des Quanta."<br><br>De Broglie relates "After long reflection in solitude and meditation I suddenly had the idea during the year 1923 that the discovery made by Einstein in 1905 should be generalized by extending it to all material particles and notably to electrons" Preface to his PhD thesis 1924.<br><br>"He made the leap in his September 10 1923 paper: E=hv should hold not only for photons but also for electrons to which he assigns a 'fictitious associated wave'. In his September 24 paper he indicated the direction in which one 'should seek experimental confirmations of our ideas': a stream of electrons traversing an aperture whose dimensions are small compared with the wavelenght of the electron waves 'should show diffraction phenomena' ."Pais "Subtle is the Lord" pp. 425-436.<br><br>In the third paper October 8 he discusses "The interplay between the propagation of the particle and of the waves could be expressed in more formal terms as an identity between the fundamental variational principles of Pierre de Fermat rays and Pierre Louis Maupertuis particles as de Broglie discussed it further in his last communication . Therein he also considered some thermodynamic consequences of his generalized wave-particle duality. He showed in particular how one could using Lord Rayleigh�s 1900 formula for the number of stationary modes for phase waves obtain Planck�s division of the mechanical phase space into quantum cells.<br><br>Louis de Broglie achieved a worldwide reputation for his discovery of the wave theory of matter for which he received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1929. His work was extended into a full-fledged wave mechanics by Erwin Schr�dinger and thus contributed to the creation of quantum mechanics. After an early attempt to propose a deterministic interpretation of his theory de Broglie joined the Copenhagen school�s mainstream noncausal interpretation of the quantum theory."DSB.<br><br>"This idea i.e. de Broglie's that matter might behave as waves was tested and confirmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927. Thus the duality of both light and matter had been established and physicists had to come to terms with fundamental particles which defied simple theories and demanded two sets of 'complementary' descriptions each applicable under certain circumstances but incompatible with one another." Printing and the Mind of Man 417. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 49718

‎DAVY HUMPHRY THE DISCOVERY OF HYDROGEN TELLURIDE THE RIVALRY WITH GAY LUSSAC & THENARD.‎

‎Nouvelles Recherches �lectro-chimiques principalement relatives aux substances m�talliques tir�es des alcalis et de terres et � quelques combinations de l'Hydrog�ne. Suite des Recherches. Sur les Observations sur les Recherches faites par MM. Gay-Lussac et Thenard relativement � l'amalgame fourni par l'ammoniaque. Examen de quelques observations de MM. Gay-Lussac et Thenard sur les faits relatifs aux m�taux des alcalis. R�plique � r�ponse que MM. Gay-Lussac et Thenard ont faite aux Recherches analytiques etc. Observations sur les trois pr�c�dens M�moires de M. Davy. Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Thenard.‎

‎Paris J. Klostermann 1810. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Slightly rubbed. A few scratches to binding. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de M�moires concernant la Chemie" Tome 75. 336 pp. a. 2 folded engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots. The papers: pp. 27-77 129-175 256-263 264-273 274-289 a. 290-316. � First French version of Davy's "The Bakerian Lecture for 1809. On some new Electrochemical Researches on various Objects particularly the metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earth and on some Combinations of Hydrogene. Read November 16 1809." together with the controversy papers by Davy and Gay-Lussac & Thenard.<br><br>"Mr. Davy having from the commencement of his electro-chemical researches communicated the several steps of his progress to the Society The Royal Society takes the present opportunity of reporting the results of his further inquiries under four principal heads. First on the nature of the metals of the fixed alkalis. Second on the nature of Hydrogen and composition of ammonia. Thirdly on the metals of the earth; and Fourthly he makes a comparison between the antiphlogistic doctrine and a modified phlogistic hypothesis."Abstract. He further gives arguments for considering potassium and sodium which he discovered in 1808 as a element."<br><br>"Gay-Lussac had a slight rivalry between himself and the creation scientist Sir Humphry Davy. Davy was chemically preparing Potassium and Sodium through an electrical current and this made Gay-Lussac and Th�nard envious of his success. They too decided to perform the same task but they had no battery at their disposal as Davy had so they had to form another way to chemically prepare the two elements. In 1808 they used a red-hot iron fused to potash the water-soluble form of a manufactured salt containing potassium to perform this task a method that Davy admitted had its advantageous qualities. Gay-Lussac and Th�nard were successful in preparing Potassium and continued to make a full analysis of its chemical properties and began to use it for their own experiments. In 1809 Davy performed the same task using it to reduce Boron in Boracic acid." unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 46377