‎Discovery‎

‎KAPITZA P. + J. F. ALLEN + A. D. MISENER. THE DISCOVERY OF SUPERFLUIDITY‎

‎Viscosity of Liquid Helium below the l-Point Kapitza Flow of Liquid Helium II Allen & Misener.‎

‎New York Macmillian and Co 1938. Lex8vo. Entire volume 141 of Nature offered. Bound in a brown contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Ex-library copy paper label pasted on to top and bottom of spine. Library stamp to pasted down front free end-paper and title page. Paper labels pasted on the back free end-paper and pasted down back free end-paper. Internally fine and clean. P. 74; 75. Entire volume: Pp. lxiv 1156 v-xii v-vii v-iv v-xii. � First publication of these two seminal papers which constitutes one of the most significant discovery in 20th century physics. It ushered a golden period of low-temperature physics and created a new research field within physics which was later to be called quantum liquids. Both paper described a hitherto unknown state of matter: superfluidity of matter. The two discoveries were made independently Kapitza's paper superseding Allen and Misener's by two weeks. Both studies reported that liquid helium flowed with almost no measurable viscosity below the transition temperature of 2.18 K.<br><br>"Although the discovery of superfluidity stands as one of the most significant in physics in the 20th century it was to be 40 years before the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honoured this seminal discovery with a Nobel prize - an exceptionally long interval. In 1978 Kapitza by then 84 was given half of that year's Nobel Prize for Physics with a somewhat vague citation reading "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics". The other half did not go to Allen and Misener. Today science popularizers generally give sole credit for the discovery of superfluidity to Kapitza." Physics world University of Toronto. <br><br>"Kapitza observed that He II flowed between two closely spaced parallel plates extremely rapidly compared to He I for the same pressure difference. This result published in Nature on 8 January 1938 showed unambiguously that here was a new and mysterious kind of liquid - one with almost no viscosity. On the page facing Kapitza's one-page paper was another by the young Canadian physicists Jack Allen and Donald Misener with essentially equivalent results on helium flow on long capillary tubes. It was submitted two weeks after Kapitza's but both papers are the standard reference for the discovery of superfluidity". Griffin A Century of Nature 2003 p. 52.<br><br>Today the theory behind superfluidity is widely used within a broad variety of different subject such as spectroscopic and in high-precision devices as gyroscopes which allow the measurement of some theoretically predicted gravitational effects. <br>In 1999 a type of superfluid was used to trap light and greatly reduce its speed. Light was passed through a Bose-Einstein condensed gas of sodium superfluid and found to be slowed to 17 m/s from its normal speed of 299792458 metres per second.<br><br>Brandt The Harvest of a Century Pp. 254-7. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 43836

‎SZENT GYORGI ALBERT. DISCOVERY OF VITAMIN C NOBEL PRIZE 1937‎

‎Observation on the function of peroxidase systems and the chemistry of the adrenal cortex. Description of a new corbohydrate derivative.‎

‎London Cambridge University Press 1928. Royal8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In "The Biochemical Journal" Vol. 22 1928. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with nicks and ligt overall soiling. A tear to last 7 leaves. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 1387-1409. Entire issue: Pp. 8 1341-1575 2 XIV 1. � First printing of Szent-Gy�rgyi's landmark paper in which he for the first time discovered and isolated "hexuronic acid" or "ascorbic acid" today commonly known as vitamin C. In 1937 he was awarded the Nobel in Medicine "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid".<br><br>"Szent-Gy�rgyi is most notably associated with the discovery of vitamin C. The discovery of vitamins themselves was recognized in 1929 in a Nobel Prize to Christiaan Eijkman and Gowland Hopkins. The search for vitamin C was then well underway in several labs. Ironically the compound had already been isolated by Szent-Gy�rgyi. Though no one-not even Szent-Gy�rgyi-yet knew its identity." DSB. <br><br>"In 1928 Szent-Gy�rgyi had proposed that hexuronic acid a highly reducing substance that he had isolated from oranges cabbages and adrenal glands was responsible for the anti-scurvy properties of fruit and vegetables that is that hexuronic acid was vitamin C. Zilva disagreed citing work that he had done showing that vitamin activity and reducing power were independent of one another. There the matter lay for four years until in 1932 Szent-Gy�rgyi carried out experiments to see whether hexuronic acid would protect guinea pigs from scurvy which it indeed did". Smith Nutrition in Britain P. 45. <br> <br>At the same time for five years King's laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh had been trying to isolate the antiscorbutic factor in lemon juice using the original 1907 model of scorbutic guinea pigs which developed scurvy when not fed fresh foods but were cured by lemon juice. They had also considered hexuronic acid but had been put off the trail when a coworker made the explicit and mistaken experimental claim that this substance was not the antiscorbutic substance. <br>Finally in late 1931 Szent-Gy�rgyi gave Svirbely formerly of King's lab the last of his hexuronic acid with the suggestion that it might be the anti-scorbutic factor. By the spring of 1932 King's laboratory had proven this but published the result without giving Szent-Gy�rgyi credit for it leading to a bitter dispute over priority claims.<br><br>Garrison & Morton 1059 unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 49355

‎BECQUEREL EDMOND. DISCOVERY OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT THE PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR CELL ENERGY‎

‎Recherches sur les effets de la radiation chimique de la lumiere solaire au moyen des courants �lectriques. M�moire sur les effets �lectriques produits sous l'influence des rayons solaires. Sur les effets �lectriques qui se produisent sous l'influence solaire. 3 Papers.‎

‎Paris Bachelier 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S�ances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome IX No. 5 19 a. 22. Pp. 145-168 557- 577 a. 663- 716. 3 entire issues offered. Becquerel's papers: pp. 145-149 561-567 711-713. With Titlepage to volume IX. Small stamp to titlepage. Lower margin of title-page strenghtened with a paperlabel. The papers clean and fine. � First printing of these milestone papers which marks the beginning of Solar-Cell-Energy the first step in a long path to solar panels and a technology of immense importence for humanity. <br><br>In 1923 Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect his 1905-paper.<br><br>The "photovoltaic effect" is the basic physical process through which a solar cell converts sunlight into electricity. In 1839 nineteen-year-old Edmund Becquerel a French experimental physicist discovered the photovoltaic effect while experimenting with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes. Becquerel found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light.<br><br>"A solar cell is any device that directly converts the energy in light into electrical energy through the process of photovoltaics. The development of solar cell technology begins with the 1839 research of French physicist Antoine-C�sar Becquerel. Becquerel observed the photovoltaic effect while experimenting with a solid electrode in an electrolyte solution when he saw a voltage develope when light fell upon the electrode." Mary Bellis "History of Solar Cells.<br><br>Shiers & Shiers Early Television: 9 10. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 49454

‎FARADAY MICHAEL. THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ROTATION‎

‎Sur les Mouvemens �lectro-magn�tiques � la th�orie du magn�tisme. Traduit par M. Anatole-Riffault. On some New Electro-Magnetical Motions and on the Theory of Magnetism.‎

‎Paris L'Imprimerie de Feugueray 1821. Small8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Totally uncut. "Annales de Chimie et de Physique par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago" tome XVIII. - Decembre 1821 pp. 337-448 and 1 engraved plate. The entire December-issue. Faraday's paper: pp. 337-370. � First appearance in French of this landmark paper in electromagnetism. The present paper is a translation into French of Faraday's seminal paper "On some New Electro-Magnetical Motions and on the Theory of Magnetism" which was originally published on October 21 in "The Quaterly Journal of Science" between one and two months before the present French version which was published in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" in December the same year. The work contains the first published mentioning of the "LINE AND FORCE CONCEPT". <br><br>Faraday employed a magnet and a wire with a flowing current caused each separately to rotate round the other and concluded that a current-carrying wire is surrounded by a circular "line" of magnetic force.<br>"Ever since Hans Christian Oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820 editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon.Inspired by the editor of Philosophical Magazine Richard Phillips Faraday agreed to undertake a short historical survey but he did so reluctantly since his attention was focused on problems of chemistry rather remote from electromagnetism. His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821 when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the "electric conflict" surrounding the wire and had noted that "this conflict performs circles" but this imprecise description had had little impact upon Faraday. Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force he noted that one of the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around the current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect.and so his experiment records the FIRST CONVERSION OF ELECTRICAL INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY. Based on the article in DSB.- Faraday's discovery of "the lines of magnetic force" became the starting point for the revolutionary theories of Clark Maxwell and later of Einstein. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 39123

‎BALARD ANTOINE JEROME DISCOVERY OF AMYL NITRITE.‎

‎M�moire sur l'alcool amylique.‎

‎Paris Bachelier 1844. 4to. No wrappers. In "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s�ances de l�Acad�mie des sciences" Vol. 19 No 14. Pp. 621- 686. Entire issue offered. Balard's paper: pp. 634-641. � First appearance of an importent paper in pharmacology as Balard here described his discovery of amyl nitrite and its preparation.<br>Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton a Scottish physician later famously pioneered the use of amyl nitrite to treat angina pectoris. Brunton reasoned that the pain and discomfort of angina could be reduced by administering amyl nitrite to dilate the coronary arteries of patients thus improving blood flow to the heart muscle.<br><br>Garrison & Morton No 1859. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 47225

‎UHLENBECK G. E. + GOUDSMIT S. DISCOVERY OF ELECTRON SPIN‎

‎Ersetzung der Hypothese vom unmechanishen Zwang durch eine Forderung bez�glich des inneren Verhaltens jades einzelnen Elektrons.‎

‎Berlin Springer 1925. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with paper label with handwritten title to spine. In "Die Naturwissenschaften" Vol. 30 1925. Library stamp to title page otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 953-954. Entire volume: XXIII 1 1092 44 pp. � First printing of this landmark paper in which electron spin was first announced. <br><br>"Ehrenfest had suggested that he work with a fellow student Goudsmit who already was an expert on atomic spectra. The two of them wrote a paper on the spectrum of hydrogen giving an improved interpretation involving half-integer quantum numbers. Then came their great discovery: electron spin. The quantum numbers they had assigned implied that the electron must have another degree of freedom; it must be rotating. With this idea everything fell into place. They published first a short note and then at the encouragement of Niels Bohr who visited Leiden shortly after their discovery a longer paper that appeared in Nature. The origin of the spin-orbit interaction was apparently suggested by Albert Einstein who also visited Leiden at the time and pointed out that in its rest frame the electron sees an orbiting nucleus and hence a magnetic field. There remained an awkward factor of two in the spin precession rate. This was soon explained as a relativistic effect in an elegant paper by Llewellen H. Thomas. In their third and final paper on electron spin Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck summarized these results and gave what has become the accepted interpretation of electron spin and atomic spectra." DSB<br><br>The discovery of electron spin was proposed as an explanation for the Stern-Gerlach experiment. In this experiment a beam of silver atoms was allowed to pass through an inhomogeneous magnetic field. When the magnetic field was on the beam of silver atoms split into two parts one deflected up and the other deflected down. In 1925 Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit both graduate students at the time proposed an explanation for the Stern-Gerlach experiment by postulating that the electron possesses an intrinsic angular momentum referred to as "spin".This intrinsic angular momentum gives rise to a magnetic moment in the electron that interacts with magnetic fields. The electron spin and the related magnetic moment are quantized such that there are only two possible discrete values. This quantization of the magnetic moment is what leads to the deflection of the beam of silver atoms either up or down in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. Their insight furnished a missing link leading to the final triumph of the then-struggling birth of quantum mechanics. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 47059

‎DUFAY DU FAY CHARLES FRANCOIS DE CISTERNAY. THE DISCOVERY OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGE OF ELECTRICITY.‎

‎Premier- Quatri�me M�moire sur L'�lectricit�. 1. Histoire de L'�lectricit�. 2. Quels sont les Corps qui sont susceptibles d'�lectricit�. 3. Des Corps qui sont le plus vivement attir�s par les mati�res �lectriques & de ceux qui sont les plus propres � transmettre l'�lectricit�. 4. De l'Attraction & R�pulsion des Corps �lectriques. 4 Memoirs.‎

‎Paris L'Imprimerie Royale 1735. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from "M�moires de l'Academie des Sciences. Ann�e 1733". Pp. 23-39 pp. 73-84 pp. 233-254 a. 1 engraved plate pp. 457-476. With titlepage to the volume 1733/1735. Margins of titlepage with a few brownspots. � First appearance of these milestone papers in the histroy of electricity in which Dufay explains his discovery of two kinds of electricity and the relation between them attraction and repulsion shocks and sparking and the full recognition of electrostatic repulsion. He formulates the two-fluid theory of electricity. He further showed that "not all bodies can become electrified themselves" by friction and went on to show "that they can all acquire a considerable electrical virtue when the tube of rubbed glass wood metals or liquids are brought near them" provided only that they are insulated by beiing stood on "a support of glass or of sealing-wax".<br><br>Dufay "TRANSFORMED A COLLECTION OF MISCELLANEOUS WEEDS INTO THE FIRST GARDEN OF EUROPE" Heilbron<br><br>"Dufay's substantive discoveries - ACR the two electricities shocks and sparking - are but one aspect and perhaps not the most significant of his achievement. His insistence on the impiortence of the subject on the universal character of electricity on the necessity of organizing digesting and regulariizing known facts before grasping new ones all helped to introduce order and professionel standards into the study of electricity at precisely the moment when the accumulation of data began to require them. He foundthe subject a record of often capricious disconnected phenomena the domain of the polymaths textbook writers and prfesional lecturers and left a body of knowledge that invited and rewarded prolonged scrutinity from serious physicists." Heilbron "Electricity in the 17 & 18 Centuries" p. 260.<br><br>Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1734 P - Ronalds Library p. 145. - Not in Wheeler Gift Cat. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 46590

‎INGEN HOUSZ INGENHOUSZ JOHN. DISCOVERY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS THE CLASSIC OF ECOLOGY.‎

‎Exp�riences sur les V�g�taux sp�cialement sur la Propri�t� qu'ils poss�dent � un haut degr� soit d'am�liorer l'Air quand ils sont au foleil soit de corrompre la nuit. ou lorsqu'ils sont � l'ombre; auxquelles on a joint unde M�thode nouvelle de juger du degr� de salubrit� de l'Atmosph�re. Traduit de L'Anglois par L'Auteur.‎

‎Paris Th�ophile Barrois 1780. 8vo. Fine cont. full mottled calf richly gilt spine and gilt titlelabel in red leather. Edges gilt. LXVIII3333 pp. and 1 folded engraved plate showing his experimental apparatus. Light browning to margins of title-page otherwise clean and with broad margins. A fine copy. � First French edition of perhaps the most important work in plant physiology. It is in this work that Ingen-Housz for the first time expounds the ideas and experiments that lead to his discovery of Photosynthesis in plant life and as such it is of fundamental importance in the economy of living things.<br> <br>"His Experiments upon vegetables was published in the autumn of 1779 and was at once recognized as a very important advance. In brief he showed that oxygen evolution by plant is absolutely dependent on light and that it only occurs from those parts which are green.The proof that light and green tissues are both essential for oxygen production finally cleared up the apparent contradictions and variable results of earlier experiments. Priestly was "much pleased" with Ingen-Housz's experiments and pointed immediately to the salient facts that he had established." A.G. Morton: History of Botanical Science. p. 332. <br><br>Dibner: Heralds of Science No. 29. - Garrison & Morton No. 103. - Horblit No. 55. All the English edition of 1779. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 53319

‎STERN O. OTTO + WALTHER GERLACH. DISCOVERY OF SPATIAL QUANTIZATION THE STERN GERLACH EXPERIMENT‎

‎Ein Weg zur experimentellen Pr�fung der Richtungsquantelung im Magnetfeld in: Zeitschr. f�r Physik vol. 7 1921: Der experimentelle Nachweis des magnetischen Moments des Silberatoms in Zeitschr. f�r Physik vol. 8 1922‎

‎Berlin Julius Springer 1921 & 1922. 8vo. Entire volumes 7-8 1921 and 1922 of "Zeitschrift f�r Physik" bound in two uniform contemporary half cloth bindings over marbled boards. Library-stamp to title-pages otherwise both volumes fine clean and tight. Pp. 249-53; Pp. 110-11. Entire volumes: VI 414 pp; IV 419 pp. � First printing of Stern and Gerlach's seminal papers in which the first spatial quantization atomic magnetic moments was first presented. With these papers the first clear proof for the spin of the electron appeared profoundly influencing the world of physics. The discovery of the deflection of particles is often used to illustrate basic principles of quantum mechanics and demonstrates that electrons and atoms have inherent quantum properties.<br><br>Spatial quantization had been introduced merely as a theoretical concept by Sommerfeld in 1916 but no one before Stern had ever empirically demonstrated its existence and some physicists even considered it to be nothing more than a mathematical tool. In his 1921-paper Stern proposed an empirical test:<br>"The idea for the experiment proposed by Stern was simple enough. A beam of silver atoms is produced by letting silver evaporate in an oven with a small opening. The beam is collimated and travels in X direction until it falls on a glass plate. Between collimators and plate an inhomogeneous magnetic field is produced. It points in y direction and also changes its strength as a function of y. If the atoms possess a magnetic moment the field pulls them away from the X axis. If the moments are oriented at random there will be a broadening of the beam. But if spatial quantization exists with just two possible orientations then the beam will be split in two. Half the atoms are pulled in the positive and half in the negative y direction. It should be treated as a spinning top with a magnetic needle in its axis." Brandt. The Harvest of a Century p. 124.<br><br>In November 1921 Stern and Gerlach observed a broadening of the beam its size increased from 0.1 mm till 0.3 mm when the field was turned on. "This result proved that silver atoms possess a magnetic moment. With a still better collimated beam in February 1922 where the splitting of the beam into two was observed. Spatial quantization was established." Brandt. The Harvest of a Century p. 124.<br><br>Only after the birth of quantum mechanics it became clear that the atoms themselves are not turned but that their quantum mechanical wave function assumes one of its possible values in the apparatus. <br>The discovery penetrated all aspects of physics; it was documented that electrons are responsible for the hyperfine structure of the spectroscopic lines and more generally that the direct observation of the spin of the electron is the most clear evidence of quantization in quantum mechanics.<br><br>The three volumes also contains the following papers of interest:<br>1. Born Max. �ber elektrostatische Gitterpotentiale. Bd. 7. pp. 124-140.<br>2. Born Max. Zur Thermodynamik der Kristallgitter. Bd. 7. pp. 217-248.<br>3. Geiger H. Reichweitemessungen an alfa-Strahlen. Bd. 8. pp. 45-58.<br>4. Brody E. & Max Born. Bemerkungen zy unseren Abhandlungen "�ber die Schwingungen eines mechanischen Systems mit endlicher Amplitude und ihre Quantelung" . . Bd. 8. Pp. 205-208.<br>5. Heisenberg Werner. Zur Quantentheorie der Linienstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. Bd. 8. pp. 273-297.<br><br>And many others. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 44872

‎VULPIAN EDME FELIX ALFRED. DISCOVERY OF ADRENALINE.‎

‎Note sur quelques r�actions propres � la substance des capsules surr�nales.‎

‎Paris Mallet-Bachelier 1856. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S�ances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 43 No 13. Pp. 637- 672. Entire issue offered. Vulpian's paper: pp. 663-665. � First appearance of the paper in which Vulpian described his discovery of adrenaline in the adrenal medulla. Vulpian established that the medulla synthesised a substance that was liberated into the blood circulation. This substance was later identified as adrenaline.<br><br>Garrison & Morton No. 1141. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 49036

‎HEISENBERG WERNER. THE DISCOVERY OF S MATRIX‎

‎Die 'beobachtbaren' Gr�ssen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen Die beobachtbaren Gr�ssen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II.‎

‎Berlin Springer 1943. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Zeitschrift f�r Physik" Bd. 120 1943. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538; Pp. 673-702. Entire volume: VII 1 790 pp. � First printing of Heisenberg's two seminal paper on the scattering matrix or S-matrix. ""S-matrix" theory of particle scattering especially in its later analytic forms enjoyed considerable attention after the war then again during the 1960's" DSB. These papers are ranked by David Cassidy as being amoung his most important.<br><br>"The outbreak of world war in September 1939 profoundly affected Heisenberg and his career. Still of military age he was ordered to report to the Army We apons Bureau Heereswaffenamt in Berlin. There the authorities asked him and other leading German nuclear physicists to investigate whether nuclear fission discovered in Berlin a year earlier could be used for large-scale energy production. Within two months Heisenberg completed a comprehensive report on the theory of chain reactions and their uses including their use in an atomic bomb. Thereport made Heisenberg the leading specialist on nuclear energy in Germany.<br>In order to continue the promising research the Army Weapons Bureau designated the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin the center of German fission research. After the departure of the institute's Dutchdirector peter Debye who chose emigration over German citizenship Heisenberg was named adviser and later acting director of the institute and its nuclear research. At the same time Heisenberg supervised preliminary reactor experiments in Leipzig. He also continued with high-energy interactions. In papers written between 1942 and 1944 Heisenberg developed a theory of particle collisions based as in 1925 only upon the observable properties of the colliding particles. Theresulting "S-matrix" theory of particle scattering especially in its later analytic forms enjoyed considerable attention after the war then again during the 1960's but renormalized field theories eventually found more followers." DSB<br><br>Cassidy 1943a 1943b hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 49168

‎RSTED OERSTED HC. THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTROMAGNETISM FIRST FRENCH EDITION. H. C.‎

‎Experimenta circa Effectum etc. Exp�riences sur l'effet du conflict �lectrique sur l'aiguille animant�e.‎

‎Paris Crochard 1820. Contemp. hcalf. raised bands gilt spine with gilt ettering. Stamps to verso of titlepage and to verso of plates. In "Annales". In "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago" Tome XIV pp. 417-25. Entire volume offered: 448 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. Fine and clean printed on good paper. � First French edition of �rsted's announcement of his discovery of electromagnetism. It was through this first French edition of �rsted's original Latin paper translated by Arago that the founder of electrodynamics Amp�re first became aware of �rsted's discovery. <br><br>It is the first translation of Oersted's epoch-making announcement in his Latin pamphlet "Extperimenta circa effectum conflictus electrici in acun magneticam. Hafni� 1820" privately printed in a very small number and only distributed to colleques in Europe. This discovery and confirmation of the connection between 2 forces electricity and magnetism must be considered one of the happiest events in the history of science both with regard to scientific and practical results. - "From the moment that �rsted's discovery became known it created an enormous sensation. The results communicated were so astounding that they were received with a certain distrust but they were stated with such accuracy that it could hardly be permitted to entertain any doubts. In the course of a short time the treatise was translated into all the chief languages." Kirstine Meyer. <br><br>Arago was givin a copy of the Latin paper by the Swiss physicist Marc-Auguste Pictet. 4 September Arago announces Oersted's discovery to the Academie. - 11 September Arago reproduces Oersted's experiments.<br><br>Dibner:61 - PMM: 282 - Horblitt: 3 b. - Sparrow: 152. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 48150

‎RAYLEIGH LORD JW. STRUTT and WILLIAM RAMSAY. THE DISCOVERY OF ARGON. J. W.‎

‎Argon a New Constituent of the Atmosphere. Received and Read January 31 1895.‎

‎London Harrison and Sons 1895. 4to. Orig. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. Blindtooled covers. First corner a bit bumped. In "Philosophical Transactions" Vol. 186 - I Series A. XIV26024 pp. Entire volume offered. The paper: p. 187-241 a. 8 textillustrations apparatus. The title-page with faint brownspots. Otherwise internally clean and fine. � First printing of this importent paper in the history of chemistry Lord Rayleigh's most famous discovery announcing the discovery of this new gas the first finding of one of the rare gases inert gases having unusual properties and forming a distinct group in the periodic table and all with zero valency.<br><br>"The original paper in the "Philosophical Transactions" will undoubtly rank as a classic the investigation having been a particularly brilliant ine." Ernst von Meyer in History of Chemistry. For this discovery Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay received the Nobel Prize 1904.<br> The volume also contains WILLIAM CROOKES "On the Spectra of Argon" OSBORNE REYNOLD "On the Dynamical Theory of Incompressible Viscous Fluids and the determination of the Criterion" KARL PEARSON "Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution. - II. Skew Variations in Homogenous Materials" etc.<br><br>After having made several measuring of the densities of gases "Rayleigh came across a curious puzzle. With oxygen he always obtained the same density regardless of how the oxygen might be produced whether from one particular compound from a second compound or from the air. The situation was different with nitrogen. The nitrogen he obtained from air constantly showed a slightly higher density than the nitrogen he obtained from any of various compounds. Rayleigh could think of several ways in which the nitrogen obtained from air might be contaminated but none of the possibilities checked out experimentally. He was so frustrated that he went so far as to write to the journal "Nature" asking for suggestions. Ramsay a brilliant Scottish chemist asked permission to tackle the problem and received it. The upshot was that a new gas somewhat denser that nitrogen was discovered to exist in the atmosphere. It was named argon and it was the first of a series of rare gases of unusual properties whose existence had never been suspected."Asimow.<br>Dibner Heralds of Science No. 50 - Neville Historical Chemical Library vol. II p.358. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 49207

‎GAY LUSSAC JOSEPH et LOUIS JACQUES THENARD. THE DISCOVERY OF BORON.‎

‎Sur la d�composition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique.‎

‎Paris Chez Mad. Ve. Bernard 1808 Contemp. hcalf. gilt spine. Some scratches to binding. Verso of titlepage and plates with small stamps.In: "Annales de Chimie" Vol. 68. - 358 pp. a. 3 engraved plates. The entire volume offered. Gay-Lussac's a. Thenard's paper: pp. 169-174. � First announcement of the results that they had obtaines by treating boric acid with potassium showing that acid is composed of a combustible substance and oxygen.<br> "Before regarding their proof of the existance of a new element as complete Gay-Lussac and Thenard wished not only to decomposed boric acid but to recompose it. On November 30 of the same year they were able to state in the 'Annales de Chemie et de Physique" the paper offered that "the composition of boracid s no longer problematical. In fact said they "we decompose and we recompose this acid at will" Weeks "Discovery of the Elements" p. 160. - Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1808 C. - Bunch 1808.<br><br>The volume contains other importent paper Davy's famous paper on electrolysis in first French translations Gayton-Morveau"Description d'un hygrometre pour le gaz." d�'Arcet "Observations sur la potasse et sur la soude pr�par�es � l'alcool" etc. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 43299

‎HENRY JOSEPH THE DISCOVERY OF SELF INDUCTION.‎

‎On the Influence of a Spiral Conductor in increasing the Intensity of Electricity from a Galvanic Arrangement of a Single Pair &c.‎

‎London Richard and John E. Taylor 1837. No wrappers. Extracted fron "Scientific Memoirs selected from The Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science and Learned Societies. Edited by Richard Taylor." Vol. I. Pp. 540-547. � Henry's milestone paper announcing his discovery of electrical self-induction. <br>"Henry independently discovered electro-magnetic induction and in this paper announced his discovery of electric self-induction one of the prime properies of an electro-magnetic circuit. Henry was an eminent experimenter but was casual in publishing his findings with resulting lack of recognition of his contributions."Bern Dibner.<br><br>Dibner "Heralds of Sciece" No.63.<br><br>It was also printed the same year in "Transactions of the American Philosophical Society New Series Vol. 5". The paper was later printed in "Philosophical Magazine" 1840.<br><br>"The direction of Henry�s thought became somewhat apparent in his 1835 paper refers to the papers reading before the American Phil. Soc. febr. 6th 1835 on the action of a spiral conductor in increasing the intensity of galvanic currents. The paper started out as an affirmation of Henry�s priority in the discovery of self-induction. He then combined induction proper using Faraday�s findings and his own with selfinduction to show how these produce a pattern of repulsions yielding an increased effect in spirals. He specifically linked these �magneto-electrical� results to the principles of static induction developed by Cavendish and Poisson. This explanation was then applied to Savary�s report of changes of polarity when magnetic needles were placed at varying distances from a wire in which a current was being transmitted "M�moire sur l�aimantation" in Annales de chimie et de physique 34 1827. That is currents appeared periodically in the air surrounding a current-bearing straight wire as a result of the actions of induction and self-induction." DSB.<br><br>Wheeler Gift: 2724-2725a. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 47418

‎WOLLASTON WILLIAM HYDE. THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT RHODIUM.‎

‎On a new Metal found in crude Platina. Read June 24 1804.‎

‎London Bulwer and Co. 1804. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London." Year 1804-Part II. Pp. 419-430. Clean and fine. � First appearance of the paper in which Wollaston announced his discovery of the metallic element Rhodium.<br><br>"Dr. Wollaston dissolved a portion of crude platinum in qgua regia and neutralized the excess acid with caustic soda. He then added salammoniac to precipitate the platinum as ammonium chloroplatinate and mercurous cyanide to precipitate the palladium as palladium cyanide. After filteringoff the precipitate he decomposed the excess mercurous cyanide inthe filtarate by adding hydrochloric acid and evaporating to dryness. When he washed the residue with alcohol everything dissolved except a beautiful dark red powder which proved to be a double chloride of sodium and a new metal which because of the rose color of its salts Dr. Wollaston named 'Rhodium'. He found that the sodium rhodium chloride could be easely reduced by heating it in a current of hydrogen and that after the sodium chloride had been washed out the rhodium remained as a metallic powder. he also succeeded in obtaining a rhodium button."Weeks: Discovery of the Elements. p. 104-05. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 42469

‎PASTEUR LOUIS et JULES JOUBERT THE FIRST DOCUMENTED DISCOVERY OF AN ANTIBIOTIC.‎

‎Charbon et septic�mie.‎

‎Paris Gauthier-Villars 1877. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S�ances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 85 No 3. Pp. 101- 168. Entire issue offered. Pasteur & Joubert's paper: pp. 101- 115. � First appearance of one of the founding papers in the realm of antibiotics being the discovery of "Vibrion septique" Cl. septicum the first pathogenic anaerobe to be found. <br><br>"Pasteur and Joubert were probably the first to realize the practical implications of antibiosis. They noted the antagonism between Bacillus anthracis and other bacteria cultures in the paper offered"Garrison & Morton: No. 1932.1 and 2490. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 48136

‎SCHWANN THEODOR. THE DISCOVERY OF PEPSIN THE FIRST KNOWN ANIMAL ENZYME.‎

‎Ueber das Wesen des Verdauungsprocesses. On the essence of digestion.‎

‎Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1836. Without wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff" Band 38 No. 6 = Zweyte St�ck. Titlepage to Vol. 38. Pp. 241-450 a. 3 engraved plates.Entire issue offered Heft No. 6 Bd. 38. Schwann's paper: pp. 358-364. Clean and fine. � First appearance of an importent paper in the history of biology in which Schwann describes his discovery and isolation of pepsin the substance in the stomach that aids digestion of eggwhite. It is the FIRST KNOWN ANIMAL ENZYME. The paper appeared at the same time in "Archiv f�r Anatomie Physiologie und Wissenschaftliches Medicin"<br><br>Theodor Schwann 1810-1882 was a great German physiologist pathologist and experimenter. One of the founders of the cell doctrine and of the idea of the living nature of yeast. Born at Neuss near D�sseldorff. A catholic educated in the Jesuit Gymnasium in Cologne. Intended for the church but took to medicine. He was a pupil of Johannes M�ller and a collegueand lifelong friend of J. Henle the anatomist. In Berlin Schwann was Johannes M�ller's assistent for five years and it was then that he discovered pepsin in 1836 the paper offered.<br>Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1836 B.<br><br>The issue contains other importent papers by Seebeck Matteucci Marchand G. Magnus "Ueber die Wirkung des Ankers auf Elektromagnete und Stahlmagnete" Sch�nbein J. M�ller "Ueber die Structur und die chemischen Eigenschaften der thierischen Bestandtheile der Knorpel und Knochen" Nachtrag. Forchhammer "Der kopaische See und seine unterirdischen Abzugskan�le." with a map. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 43417

‎VAUQUELIN NICOLAS THE DISCOVERY OF BERYLLIUM.‎

‎De l'Aigue marine ou B�ril; et d�couverte d'une terre nouvelle dans cette pierre. Lue � l'Institut le 26 Pluviose an 6. Notice sur la terre du B�ril pour servir de suite au premier m�moire sur le m�me objet. Analyse De l'�meraude du P�rou. 3 Papers.‎

‎Paris Fuchs et Guillaume An VIe. 1798. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Very slightly rubbed. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de M�moires concernant la Chemie" Tome 26. - 340 pp. a. 1 engraved plate.the entire volume offered. Vauquelin's papers: pp. 155-169 pp. 170-177 a. pp. 259-265. Some brownspots to the first and last leaves otherwise fine and clean. � First printing of the papers in which Vauquelin describes and announces his discovery of Beryllium.<br><br>"The discovery of beryllium resulted from the Abb� Ha�y's observation of the close similarity and probable identity of beryl and the emerald. At his suggestion Vauquelin made some very careful chemical analyses of these two minerals and found in 1798 that they are indeed identical and that they contain a new earth which he named glucina but which is now known as beryllia. The metal was isolated thirty years later by W�hler and Bussy independently.At the suggestion of the editors of the "Annales de Chemie." he called the new earth 'glucina' meaning sweet." Weeks in "Discovery of the Elements" p. 153-54. - Parkinson "Breakthrough" 1798 C.<br><br>The volume contains other importent papers in the history of chemistry Hassenfratz "De l'Areom�trie" "Suite." 2 Paprs. Berthollet Chaptal Guyton Fourcroy Priestly first app. in French etc. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 43088

‎DU FAY CHARLES FRANCOIS de CISTERNAY. THE DISCOVERY OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGE OF ELECTRICITY‎

‎Premier- Quatri�me M�moire sur L'�lectricit�. 1. Histoire de L'�lectricit�. 2. Quels sont les Corps qui sont susceptibles d'�lectricit�. 3. Des Corps qui sont le plus vivement attir�s par les mati�res �lectriques & de ceux qui sont les plus propres � transmettre l'�lectricit�. 4. De l'Attraction & R�pulsion des Corps �lectriques. 4 Memoirs.‎

‎Paris L'Imprimerie Royale 1735. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from "M�moires de l'Academie des Sciences. Ann�e 1733". Pp. 23-39 pp. 73-84 pp. 233-254 a. 1 engraved plate pp. 457-476. With titlepage to the volume 1733/1735. � First appearance of these milestone papers in the histroy of electricity in which Dufay explains his discovery of two kinds of electricity and the relation between them attraction and repulsion shocks and sparking and the full recognition of electrostatic repulsion. He formulates the two-fluid theory of electricity. He further showed that "not all bodies can become electrified themselves" by friction and went on to show "that they can all acquire a considerable electrical virtue when the tube of rubbed glass wood metals or liquids are brought near them" provided only that they are insulated by beiing stood on "a support of glass or of sealing-wax".<br><br>Dufay "TRANSFORMED A COLLECTION OF MISCELLANEOUS WEEDS INTO THE FIRST GARDEN OF EUROPE" Heilbron<br><br>"Dufay's substantive discoveries - ACR the two electricities shocks and sparking - are but one aspect and perhaps not the most significant of his achievement. His insistence on the impiortence of the subject on the universal character of electricity on the necessity of organizing digesting and regulariizing known facts before grasping new ones all helped to introduce order and professionel standards into the study of electricity at precisely the moment when the accumulation of data began to require them. He foundthe subject a record of often capricious disconnected phenomena the domain of the polymaths textbook writers and prfesional lecturers and left a body of knowledge that invited and rewarded prolonged scrutinity from serious physicists." Heilbron "Electricity in the 17 & 18 Centuries" p. 260.<br><br>Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1734 P - Ronalds Library p. 145. - Not in Wheeler Gift Cat. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 51268

‎BECQUEREL HENRI. MARIE CURIE PIERRE CURIE GUSTAVE BEMONT EUGENE DEMARCAY. THE DISCOVERY OF RADIOACTIVITY RADIUM & POLON‎

‎Nine papers documenting the discovery of radioactivity the discovery of Radium and Polonium: 1. Becquerel: Sur les radiations �mises par phosphorescence. 2. Becquerel: Sur les radiations invisibles �mises par les corps phosphorescents. 3. Becquerel: Sur quelques propri�t�s nouvelles des radiations invisibles �mises par divers corps phosphorescents. 4. Becquerel: Sur les radiations invisibles �mises par les sels d'uranium. 5. Becquerel: Sur propri�t�s differentes des radiations invisibles �mises par les sels d'uranium et du rayonnement de la paroi anticathodique d'un tube de Crookes. 6. Becquerel: �mission de radiations nouvelles par l'uranium m�tallique. 7. Marie Curie & Pierre Curie: Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active contenue dans la pechblende 8. Marie Curie Pierre Curie Gustave B�mont: Sur une nouvelle substance fortement radio-active contenue dans pechblende. 9. Eug�ne Demar�‎

‎Paris Gauthier-Villars 1896 a. 1898. 4to. Bound in 2 contemp. hcloth spines gilt and with gilt lettering. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S�ances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 122 a. 127. - 1633 pp. 1302 pp. Both with halftitle and title-page. Title-pages with a punched stamp to lower margin. The papers tome 122: pp. 420-421 501-503 559-564 689-694 762-767 1086-1088. Tome 127: pp. 175-178 1215-1217 1218. Internally clean and fine. � First appearance of the landmark papers in which Becquerel documents his discovery of Radio-activity PROMPTING THE NUCLEAR AGE and the papers which the Curies announced the discoveries of the 2 elements Polonium and Radium.<br><br>Becquerel was an expert in fluorescence and phosphorescence continuing the work of his father and grandfather. Follwing the discovery of X-rays by R�ntgen Bexquerel investigated fluorescent materials to see if they also emitted X-rays. He exposed a fluorescent uranium salt pechblende to light and then placed it on a wrapped photographic plate.He found that a faint image was left on the plate which he believed was due to the pichblende emitting the light it had absorbed as a more penetrating radiation. However by chace he left a sample that had not been exposed to light on top of a photographic plate in a drawer. he noticed that the photographic plate also had a a faint image of the pechblende. After several chemical tests he concluded that these "Becquerel rays" were a property of atoms. He had by chace discovered radio-activity and prompted thee beginning of the nuclear age. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 with Marie and Pierre Curie. The "Becquerel Rays" were later discovered to be a composite of three forms of emanation distinguished by Rutherford as alpha beta and gamma rays.<br><br>Dibner: 163 the later M�moire from 1903 - PMM: 393 1903- M�moire - Garrison & Morton: 2001 only the first paper. - Magie "A Sourve Book in Physics" p. 610 ff. - Norman:157.<br><br> "The Curie's owned their success to an extremely sensitive electroscopic apparatus constructed by Pierre and his brother Jacques which made possible a "new method of chemical analysis based on the precise measurement of radium emitted a method still in use."DSB.<br><br>Becquerel's discovery of the radioactive properties of uranium 1896 inspired Marie and Pierre Curie to investigate radiation. They reported their researches in a series of papers from 1897 in the Comptes rendus. First they isolated a new substance about three hundred times as active as radium. This they called Polonium in honour of Marie's native Poland. A further examnination of the residue of Pitchblende after the removal of uranium and polonium disclosed residual radio-activity far greater than was possessed by either substance alone. To this material the name Radium was given. The radium was found to be about two million times as radio-active as uranium.<br><br>Garrison & Morton: 2003. - Magie "A Source Book in Physics" p. 613 ff. hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 49475

‎HENRY JOSEPH THE DISCOVERY OF SELF INDUCTION GERMAN VERSION.‎

‎Ueber elektro-dynamische Induction.‎

‎Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1842. Without wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff" Erg�nzungsband 1 St�ck 2. Pp. 193-384 a. 1 folded engraved plate. The entire issue offered. Henry's paper: pp. 282-312. � First German version of Henry's description of his discovery of self-induction. He missed the credit for the discovery of induction to Faraday but he had done the key experiment ahead of Faraday but Faraday was the first to publish. But he is credited for the discovery of self-induction 1832 and Faraday discovered it independently two years later 1834.<br><br>"In Henry's paper however he explained thet the electric current in a coil can induce another current not only in another coil but in itself. The actual current observed in the coil is then the combination of the original current and the induced current. This is called self induction."Isac Asimov.<br><br>The issue contains further notable papers Michael Faraday's "Vierzehnte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen �ber Elektricit�t" � 2o-22. Nos 1667-1748. Pp. 249-281. First German version. In this paper FARADAYamplifies his theory of electrostatic induction by making further use of the analogy with the induction of magnetism. Whittaker describes the paper as having "THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION OF ELECTROSTATICS" as modified in order to take into account the effect of the specific inductive capacity."Whittaker I pp.187-89. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 44147

‎SOUBEIRAN EUGENE THE DISCOVERY OF CHLOROFORM.‎

‎Recherches sur quelques Combinaisons du Chlore.‎

‎Paris Crochard 1831. No wrappers as extracted from "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 2. Series Tome 48. Titlepage to vol. 48. Pp. 113-157. A few brownspots but fine. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. � First appearance of an importent paper in chemistry and medicine as it for the first time relates the finding of Chloroform which some years later was proved to have anaesthetic effects and was introduced in chirurgy in 1848 by Simpson.<br>Justus von Liebig Souberain and Guthrie independently discovered Chloroform in 1831 but Souberain was the first to publish his results. - Garrison & Morton No. 1851. - Gedeon "Science and Technology in Medicine" 36.7. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 43365

‎BERZELIUS THE DISCOVERY OF THORIUM.‎

‎Untersuchung eines neuen Minerals und einer darin enthaltenen zuvor unbekannten Erde.‎

‎Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1829. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff" Bd. 16 Siebentes St�ck. 2 pp. 1 folded engraved plate. Entire issue offered with titlepage to volume 16. Berzelius's paper: pp. 387-415. Clean and fine. � First German printing - printed simultaneously with the English and Swedish version - of the paper in which Berzelius described his discovery of Thorium the first element after Uranium to be identified as such. <br>In 1829 J�ns Jakob Berzelius of the Royal Karolinska Institute Stockholm extracted thorium from a rock specimen sent to him by an amateur mineralogist who had discovered it near Brevig and realised that it had not previously been reported. The mineral turned out to be thorium silicate and it is now known as thorite. Berzelius even produced a sample of metallic thorium by heating thorium fluoride with potassium and confirmed it as a new metal. He called the black mineral thorite in honor of the Scandinavian god Thor.<br><br>Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1829 C. unknown‎

Bookseller reference : 49248

‎LEIBNIZ LEIBNITZ GF. CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS JOHANN BERNOULLI JACOB BERNOULLI ET AL. THE DISCOVERY OF THE "CATENARY CURVE"‎

‎1. De Linea in quam Flexile se pondere proprio curvat ejeuque usu insignia adinveniendi quotcunque medias proportionales & Logarithmos. - 2. De Solutionibus Problematis Catenarii vel Funicularis in Actis A. 1691 aliisque a Dn. I.B. propositis. 1-2: Leibniz - 3. Solutio Problematis Funicularii exhibita a Johanne Bernoulli. Johann Bernoulli. - 4. Christiani Hugenii Dynast� in Zulechem solutio ejusdem Problematis. Huygens. - 5. Specimen Alterum Calculi Differentialis in dimetienda Spirali ali Logarithmica Loxodromiis Naturarum & Areis Triangulorum Sph�ricorum; una cum Aditamento quodam ad Problema Funicularium aliisque per I.B. Jacob Bernoulli. 5 Papers.‎

‎Leipzig Grosse & Gleditsch 1691. 4to. Contemp. full vellum. Faint handwritten title on spine. a small stamp on titlepage. In: "Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCLXXXXI". 85906 pp. and 13 of 15 folded engraved plates. The 2 first plates lacks but they do not belong to the papers listed.<br>Leibniz' papers: pp.277-281 a. 1 plate pp. 435-439. Johann Bernoulli: pp. 274-276 a. 1 plate. Huygens: pp. 281-282. - Jacob Bernoulli: pp. 282-290 a. 1 plate. � All papers first apperance. All 5 of extreme importence in the development of the Calculus. Leibniz' 2 papers on the catenary curve paper 1-2 offered here was written at the instigation of Jacques Bernoulli. Following the example of Blaise Pascal who had initiated in 1658 a contest for the construction of the cycloid Leibniz also provoked the geometers of his time by challenging them to submit at the fixed date of mid-1691 their geometric method for the construction of the catenary curve. Leibniz later provided the answer followed by Johann Bernoulli and Huygens.<br><br>'These two papers are a historical account of the origin of the study of this transcendental curve and at the same time the first physical-geometric construction showing the species-relationship between the catenary and the logarithmic curves as two companion curves; one arithmetic the other geometric. All of the differentials of the catenary curve are arithmetic means of corresponding differentials of the logarithmic curve; and all of the differentials of the logarithmic curve are geometric means of the catenary.'<br>"The Catenary is the form of a hanging fully flexible rope or chain the name comes from "catena" which means 'chain' suspended on two points. The interest in this curve originated with Galileo who thought that is was a parabola. Young Christiaan Huygens proved in 1646 that this cannot be the case. What the actual form was remained an open question till 1691 when Leibniz Johann Bernoulli and the then much older Huygens sent solutions to the problem to the "Acta" Jakob Bernoulli 1690 Johann Bernoulli 1691 Huygens 1691 and Leibniz 1691 - these 4 1691-papers offered here - in which the previous year Jakob Bernoulli had challenged mathematicians to solve it. As published the solutions did not reveal the methods but through later publications of manuscripts these methods have been known. Huygens applied with great paper 4 virtuosity the by then classical methods of 17th century infinitesimal mathematics and he needed all his ingenuity to reach a satisfactory solution. Leibniz the papers 1-2 and Bernoulli paper 3 applying the new Calculus found the solutions in a much direct way. In fact the catenary was a test-case between the old and the new style in the study of curves and only because the champion of the old style was a giant like Huygens the test-case can formally be considered as ending in a draw." Grattan-Guiness in "From the Calculus to Set Theory 1630-1910.".<br><br>The paper by JACOB BERNOULLI no. 5 offered here is a milestone papers as it marks the invention of the "SYSTEM OF POLAR COORDINATES" with points located by reference to a fixed point and a line through that point. Although newton had earlier also devised such a coordinate system in 1671 his work was not known so that the credit for the discovery generally goes to Bernoulli. Parkinson Breakthroughs 1691.<br><br>Further papers contained in this volume of Acta Eruditorum:<br>DENYS PAPIN: Mecanicorum de Viribus Motricibus sententia asserta a D. Papino adversius C.G.G. L. Leibniz objectiones. pp. 6-13. The plate lacks. - and Dion. Papini Observationes quaedam circa materias ad Hydraulicam spectantes. Pp. 208-213 a. 1 plate. This importent paper is part of the LEIBNIZ-PAPIN-CONTROVERSY.<br><br>JACOB BERNOULLI: Specimen Calculi Differentialis in dimensione Parabol� helicoidis ubi de flexuris curvarum in genere carundem evolutionibus. Pp. 13-22. The plate lacks. - and J.B. Demonstratio Centri Oscillationis ex Natura Vectis reperta occassione eorum qu� super hac materia in Historia Literaria Roterodamensi recensentur articulo.Pp.317-321.<br><br>LEIBNIZ: O.V.E. Additio ad Schediasma de Medii Resistentia publicatum in Actis mensis Febr. 1889. Pp. 177-178. and O.V.E. Quadratura Arithmetica Communis Sectionum Conicarum qu� centrum babent.Pp. 178-182 a. 1 plate.<br><br>TSCHIRNHAUS: Singularia Effecta Vitri Caustici bipedalis quod omnia magno sumtu hactenus constructa specula ustoria virtute superat per D.T. Pp. 517-520 hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 41859