‎Physique‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - COINING THE WORDS ELECTRODE, ANODE, CATHODE, ION, ANION, AND CATION.‎

‎Fünfte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. § 11. Von der elektrochemischen Zerasetzung.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 32 (= 2. Reihe, Bd. 2). VIII,666 pp. a. 5 folded lithographed plates. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's paper: pp. 401-453 a. 1 lithographed plate. Stamp to verso of titlepage and verso of plates. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - FARADAY'S LAW IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Dritte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. VII (§ 7). Einerleiheit der Elektrischen verschiedenen Ursprungs. VIII (§ 8). Maas-Beziehung zwischen der gemeinen und voltaischen Elektricität.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1833. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 29. X,514 pp. a. 1 folded lithographed plate. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's papers: pp. 274-304 a. 365-380, 1 litographed plate. Stamp to verso of titlepage and verso of plates. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE ""LAW OF ELECTRO-CHEMICAL EQUIVALENTS"", THE GERMAN VERSION.‎

‎Sechste Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. (564-660) + Siebente Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. (661-874)‎

‎Leipzig, Barth, 1834. Contemp. hcalf., raised bands, spine gilt. Spine with light wear. in. ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. J.C. Poggendorff"", Zweite reine, 3. bd.VIII,558,(4) pp. and 5 plates. (Entire volume offerd). Faradays papers: pp. 149-189 (Sixth series) + pp. 301-331 a. 481-520 (Seventh series). Internally clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INDUCTION (PMM 308) - FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Recherches expérimentales sur l'Electricité. § I-V. (I. Sur l'induction des courans l'èlectriques. II. Sur le développement de l'électricité par le magnetisme. III. Sur une nouvelle condition électrique de la matière. IV. Sur les phénomènes magnét...‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1832. Contemp. hcalf., gilt spine, light wear along edges. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 50, Series 2. (Entire volume offered). 448 pp. 2 folded engraved plates. Faraday's papers: pp. 5-67 a. pp. 113-162.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE FIRST ELECTRIC GENERATOR - FIRST FRENCH EDITION. (PMM 308).‎

‎Recherches éxperimentales sur LÉlectricite. Sur la magnétitisation de la lumière et l'illumination des lignes de forces magnétique. (I). § I-III. (1. Series 1-97).‎

‎Paris, Victor Msson, 1846. Extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 17. Pp. 359-392, three textillustrations. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS"" (FRENCH EDITION).‎

‎Sur les Mouvemens électro-magnétiques et la théorie du magnétisme. (Traduit par M. Anatole-Riffault). + (André-Marie Ampere et Felix Savary:) Notes relatives au Mémoire de M. Faraday.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1821). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 18 (Septembre Cahier). Pp. 337-443. (Entire issue offered). Faraday's paper: pp. 337-370 a. 2 folded engraved plates (showing the experimental apparatus). Ampère & Savary's Notes: pp. 370-379. Clean and fine.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE MAGNECRYSTALLIC EFFECT.‎

‎Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Twenty-sixth Series. § 32. Magnetic conducting power. i. Magnetic conduction. ii. Conducting polarity. iii. Magnecrystallic conduction. § 33. Atmospheric magnetism. i. General principles (+) Twenty-seventh Ser...‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 29-84, textillustr. and pp. 85-122, textillustr. Both papers clean and fine.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL.- CHEMICAL AFFINITY IS ELECTRICITY - SELF-INDUCTION DISCOVERED AND INVESTIGATED.‎

‎Achte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. § 14. ueber die Elektricität der voltaschen Säule, ihre Abkunft, Menge, Stärke und ihre allgemeinen Kennzeichnen. (+) Neunte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. § 15. ...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 35. X,630,(8) pp. a. 5 folded lithographed plates. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's papers: pp. 1-45 a. 222-226, 1 plate (8. Reihe) - pp. 413-444 (9. Reihe). Stamp to verso of titlepage and verso of plates. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL..‎

‎Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Eighteenth Series. 25. On the electricity evolved by the friction of water and steam against other bodies. (Sections 2075-2145). Recieved January 26,- Read Februsry 2, 1843.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1843). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1843 - Part I. Pp. 17-31 and 1 engraved plate. Margin of pp. 21/22 with a faint dampstain.‎

‎First appearance of this paper in which Faraday traces ""the source of the electricity which accompanies the issue of steam of high pressure from the vessels in which it is contained. By means of a suitable apparatus, which the author describes and delineates, he found that electricity is never excited by the passage of pure steam, and it is manifested only when water is at the same time present"" and hence he concludes that it is altogether the effect of the friction of globules of water against the sides of the opening, or against the substances opposed to its passage, as the water is rapidly moved onwards by the current of the steam.""(Abstract).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never cease to be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42288

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL..‎

‎Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Seventh Series. 11. On Electro-chemical Decomposition, continued. iv. On some general conditions of Electro-decompositions. v. On a new Measure of Volta-electricity. vi. On the primitive or swecondary charac...‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1834). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1834 - Part I. Pp. 77-122. Fine and clean.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in which Faraday announces the discoveries of further laws of electrochemistry, stating the general relations of electricity to chemistry and introducing new terms with precise meanings. The first part of the paper introduces his new terminology, giving the words a limited and precise meaning. These words, devised with the assistance of William Whewell, are now familiar to all chemists, electrode, anode, cathode, ion, anion, and cation. He also introduces the ""Volta-electrometer"", and arrives at the ""Law of electro-chemical equivalents"". The paper offered is one of Farday's most famous papers.""Another section of the paper is devoted to a closer examination of the law of constant electrochemical action with respect to water and to the development of a gas electrometer to measure quantities of electricity. Faraday's ""Volta-electrometer"" provided the first practical means for the quantitative measurement of electricity."" (Source Book in Chemistry p. 280-81).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42246

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL.. - ELECTRO-CHEMICAL RECOMBINATION.‎

‎Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Sixth Series. 12. On the power of Metals and other Solids to induce the Combination of Gaseous Bodies. (Sections 564-660). Recieved November 30, 1833, - Read January 11, 1834.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1834). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1834 - Part I. Pp. 55-76 a. 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First appearance of a historical paper in chemistry and physiscs in which Faraday detects a new recombination-effect in electrolysis.""In the course of his experimental investigations of a general and importent law of electro-chemical action, which required the accurate measurement of thegases evolved during the decomposition of water and other substances, the author was lead to the detection of a curious effect, which had never been previously noticed, and of which the knowledge, had he before possessed it, would have prevented many of the errors and inconsistencies occurring in the conclusions he at first deduced from his earlier experiments. The phenomena observed was the gradual recombination of elements which had been previously separated from each other by voltaic action. This happened when, after water had been decomposed by voltaic electricity, the mixed gases resulting from such decomposition were left in contact with the platina wires or plates, which had acted as poles"" for under these circumstances they gradually diminished in vo.umes, water was reprioduced, and at lust the whole of the gases disappeared.""(Abstract) - Faraday explains the causes of this recombination.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42245

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL.. - ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION.‎

‎Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Eleventh - Thirteenth Series. (+) Supplementary Note to Eleventh Series. Received November 30, 1837 + March 29, 1838 (Suppl. Note), January 11, 1838, February 22, 1838. . 18: On Induction + On Induction (cont...‎

‎(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1848). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1848 - Part I. Pp. 1-40 a. 1 engraved plate, pp. 79-81 (Suppl. Note), pp. 83-123 a. 1 engravd plate and pp. 125-168‎

‎First appearance of 3 fundamental papers in electromagnetic theory in which Faraday presents his discoveries of the so-called ""specific inductive capacity"" of the insulator, - showing that the behaviour of a diaelectric is exactly the same as that of an electrolyte up to a certain point, - that induction appears to be the first step, and decomposition the second, - that 'Insulators' ""may be said to bodies whose particles can retain the polarised state, whilst conductors are those whose particles cannot be permanently polarised"", - that the lines of force dispose themselves as if they were subject to a mutual repulsion, or as if the tubes of force had an inherent tendency to dilate.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never cease to be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42880

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL.. - FARADAY'S VISION‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Twenty-fourth Series. 30. On the possible relation of Gravity to Electricity. (Sections 2702-2717). received August 1,- Read November 28, 1850.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 1-6.‎

‎First appearance of a historical paper in physiscs in which Faraday tries to unite all forces in nature. His experiments yielded a negative result.""The long and constant persuasion that all forces of nature are mutually dependent, having one common origin, or rather being different manifestations of one fundamental power, has made me often think upon the possibility of establishing, by experiment, a connection between gravity and electricity, and so introducing the former into the group, the chain of which, including also magnetism, chemical force and heat, binds so many and such varied exhibitions of force together by common relations. Though the researches I have made with this object in view have produced only negative results, yet I think a short statement of the matter, as it has presented itself to my mind, andof the result of the experiments, which offering at first much to encourage, were only reduced to their true value by most careful searchings after sources of error, may be useful, both as a general statement of the problem, and as awakening the minds of others to its consideration.""(Faraday section 2702).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42289

‎"FERMI, E.‎

‎Über die Theorie des Stoßes zwischen Atomen und elektrisch geladenen Teilchen.‎

‎Braunschweig und Berlin, Vieweg & Sohn, Julius Springer, 1924. 8vo. In comtemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 29. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end paper. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 315-327. [Entire volume: IV, 398 pp.].‎

‎"FERMI, E.‎

‎Über die Theorie des Stoßes zwischen Atomen und elektrisch geladenen Teilchen.‎

‎Braunschweig und Berlin, Vieweg & Sohn, Julius Springer, 1924. 8vo. In comtemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 29. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end paper. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 315-327. [Entire volume: IV, 398 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Fermi's paper on the impact between atoms and electrically charged particles.In statistical mechanics he had written subtle papers on the ergodic hypothesis and on quantum theory. Here he had developed an original form of analyzing collisions of charged particles. He developed the field produced by the charged particle by the Fourier integral and used the information from optical processes to determine the result of the collision. This method was later refined and better justified on the basis of quantum mechanics and is generally known as the Weizsäcker-Williams method.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48929

‎"FERMI, E. (+) E. SEGRÉ.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Hyperfeinstruktur.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1933. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 82, 1933. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 729-49 [Entire volume: VIII, 838 pp.].‎

‎"FERMI, E. (+) E. SEGRÉ.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Hyperfeinstruktur.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1933. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 82, 1933. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 729-49 [Entire volume: VIII, 838 pp.].‎

‎First German edition published the same year as the original (""Sulla teoria delle strutture iperfini"", published in Reale acc. d'Italia, memorie cl. scienze fisiche 4 (1933)) of Fermi and Segré's important paper on hyperfine structure. In 1930 Fermi started to work on the hyperfine structure of spectra lines, a subject that he further developed in collaboration with Segrè in 1932-3, the present paper being his being his final on the subject.Hyperfine structures was the research area the initially caught Fermi's interest in physics: ""At this time quantum mechanics had reached its full development"" nonrelativistic problems, at least in principle, were soluble except for mathematical difficulties. In this sense atomic physics was showing signs of exhaustion, and one could expect the next really important advances to be in the study of the nucleus. Realizing this, Fermi decided to switch to nuclear physics. He initially investigated the theory of the hyperfine structure of the spectral lines and the nuclear magnetic momenta (FP no. 57), a suitable subject for making the transition from atomic to nuclear physics.""‎

书商的参考编号 : 49167

‎"FERMI, E. (+) J. MARSHALL (+) L. MARSHALL.‎

‎Thermal Neutron Velocity Selector and Its Application to the Measurement of the Cross Section of Boron. (In ""The Physical Review. Volume 72, August, Number 3, 1947""). - [FIRST PRESENTATION OF FERMI'S THERMAL NEUTRON VELOCITY SELECTOR]‎

‎Lancaster, American Physical Society, 1947. Lex8vo. Bound in recent black half cloth with the original green wrappers. Small library stamp to front wrapper. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 193-96. [Entire issue: 189-261].‎

‎"FERMI, E. (ENRICO).‎

‎Eine statistische Methode zur Bestimmung einiger Eigenschaften des Atoms und ihre Anwendung auf die Theorie des periodischen Systems der Elemente. Mit 1 Abbindung.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1928. 8vo. Bound in half cloth with marbled boards and gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik, 48. Band, 1948."" Library stamp to front free end paper. A very nice and clean copy. [Fermi:] Pp. 73-79. [Entire issue: VIII, 891 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Fermi's paper on the statistical method for the determination of properties of the atom. ""During the years 1926-1932 Fermi and his associates did first-class but conventional theoretical physics, within the pattern laid down by the physicists of northern Europe. These were the concluding years of the theory of atomic structure"" with the invention of wave mechanics and the relativistic explanation of the electrons' intrinsic angular momentum, the theory as we know it today was completed, and Fermi helped complete the picture. He applied his degenerate gas theory to the electrons in atomic structure, producing a statistical atomic model [In the present paper]"". (Allison , Enrico Fermi - A Biographical Memoir, 1957, P. 127). Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, Along with Oppenheimer he is frequently referred to as ""the father of the atomic bomb"". The volume contain the following paper of interest: NEUMANN, J. V. Einige Bemerkungen zur Diracschen Theorie des Drehelektrons. Pp. 868-81.And many other.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44993

‎"FERMI, E. (ENRICO).‎

‎Versuche einer Theorie der Beta-Strahlen. - [THE DISCOVERY BETA-DECAY AND THE NEUTRINO.]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1934. 8vo. Bound in nice half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Published in ""Zeitschrift für Physik"". Pp. 161-177. [Entire volume: VIII, 825 pp]. Library stamp to free front end-paper. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of Fermi's seminal and exceedingly important paper on beta-decay. In one stroke, Fermi had solved the major problem of beta decay: How do electrons come out of the nucleus if there are non to begin with? In the paper he coined the term neutrino and his groundbreaking work awarded him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1938.How pioneering and daring Fermi's theory was became clear when he first submitted his paper to the prestigious journal Nature. The journal's editor turned it down because ""it contained speculations which were too remote from reality"", consequently it became published in Zeitschrift für Physik. Eventually six years later, in 1939, Nature published Fermi's paper.In late 1933 Fermi wrote his famous article offering an elegant solution to a well know problem: Fermi proposed an entire new force of nature, the weak force. ""This new force, together with gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong interaction which binds the particles of the nucleus, constitutes the family of forces presently known in physics. The should account for the whole universe. Weak interactions [forces] occur between all particles and are thus unlike electromagnetism or strong interactions, which are restricted to certain particles. The first manifestation of the weak interaction to be treated in detail was the beta decay."" (DSB, IV, p. 579b).The ""canonical formalism of Heisenberg and Pauli gave rise, in the thirties and forties, to many applications of which the most important may be mentioned here: 1934 Enrico Fermi gave the formal explanation of beta-radioactivity of atomic nuclei by making use of the hypothesis formulated by Pauli in 1930 which postulated the existence."" (Enz, Charles. Of Matter And Spirit, 2009, p. 167).Pauli had named his proposed light particle a neutron. James Chadwick had named his much more massive nuclear particle a neutron as well which left the two particles with the same name. Fermi therefore, to solve the confusion, coined the term neutrino (Italian diminutive of neutron). Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, Along with Oppenheimer he is frequently referred to as ""the father of the atomic bomb"".‎

书商的参考编号 : 43033

‎"FERMI, E. (ENRICO).‎

‎Über die magnetischen Momente der AtomKerne. - [FERMI CONTACT INTERACTION]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 60, 1930. Entire volume offered. Stamp to title page and light wear to extremities, one leaf detached, otherwise fine and clean. VIII, 871 pp.‎

‎"FERMI, E. (ENRICO).‎

‎Über die magnetischen Momente der AtomKerne. - [FERMI CONTACT INTERACTION]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 60, 1930. Entire volume offered. Stamp to title page and light wear to extremities, one leaf detached, otherwise fine and clean. VIII, 871 pp.‎

‎First appearance of Fermi's important paper on a quantitative theory of the hyperfine structures of spectrum lines which later was to be named 'Fermi Contact Interaction'. The present paper was considered one of his most important by the Nobel Prize commitee.""Fermi contact interaction"" is the magnetic interaction between an electron and an atomic nucleus when the electron is inside that nucleus.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49254

‎"FERMI, E. [ENRICO] & C. N. YANG [CHEN NING].‎

‎Are Mesons Elementary Particles? - [ARE MESONS ELEMENTARY PARTICLES?]‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1949 Lex8vo. Volume 76, December 15, No. 12, 1949 of ""The Physical Review"", Second Series. In the original printed blue wrappers. Minor browning to extremities and slight wear to spine. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 1739-1743. [Entire issue: Pp. 1739-1934, iii-xv].‎

‎First edition of Fermi and Yang's important paper in which they discusses whether Mesons, subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, are elementary particles. ""[The present paper] certainly touches very fundamental and deep questions. In it they develop the idea that a meson might be a tightly bound combination of a nucleon and an antinucleon. [...] This early incomplete attempt has left a trace in particle physics, and its fundamental ideas echo in later work."" (Segrè, Emilio. Enrico Fermi, Physicist, 1970, p. 170).Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, Along with Oppenheimer he is frequently referred to as ""the father of the atomic bomb"". Yang received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 for his work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction. When the present paper was written Yang functioned as Fermi's assistant.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43430

‎"FERMI, E., E. AMALDI, O. D'AGOSTINO, F. RASETTI, E. SEGRÉ. - THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY BY NEUTRON BOMBARDMENT.‎

‎Artificial Radioactivity produced by Neutron Bombardment. (Communicated by Lord Rutherford) + Artificial Radioactivity produced by Neutron Bombardment - II. (Communicated by Lord Rutherford). 2 Papers.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1934 a. 1935. Royal8vo. Bound in 2 contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A stamp on verso of titlepages. In: ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Series A, Vol. 146 and vol. 149. VI,942 pp. + VIII,600 pp. (Entire volumes offered). The joint papers: pp. 483-500 (1934) and pp. 522-558 (1935).‎

‎These seminal papers constitutes the description of the first realization of artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment, and it is the first demonstration of neutron-induced radioactivity. These highlights and his many other results have left their imprint on the most diverse parts of physics. Fermi was awarded the Nobel prize in 1938 for these discoveries.""Acting on this idea, (Fermi reasoned that neutrons should be more effective than alpha particles in producing radioactive elements because they are not repelled by the nuclear charge and thus have a much greater probability of entering the target nuclei) Fermi bombarded several elements of increasing atomic numbers with neutrons. He hoped to find an artificial radioactivity produced by the neutrons. His first success was with fluorine. The neutron source was a small ampul containing beryllium metal and radon gas. The detecting apparatus consisted of rather primitive Geiger-Müller counters. Immediately thereafter Fermi, with the help of Amaldi, D’Agostino, Rasetti, and Segrè, carried out a systematic investigation of the behavior of elements throughout the periodic table. In most cases they performed chemical analysis to identify the chemical element that was the carrier of the activity. In the first survey, out of sixty-three elements investigated, thirty-seven showed an easily detectable activity. The nuclear reactions of (n, a), (n, p), and (n, ?) were then identified, and all available elements, including uranium and thorium, were irradiated. In uranium and thorium the investigators found several forms of activity after bombardment but did not recognize fission. Fermi and his collaborators, having proved that no radioactive isotopes were formed between lead and uranium, put forward the natural hypothesis that the activity was due to transuranic elements. These studies, which were continued by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Irène Joliot Curie, Frédéric Joliot, and Savitch, culminated in 1938 in the discovery of fission by Hahn and Fritz Strassmann.""(DSB).""The present papers are a summary of these letters (the letters from the team communicated almost weakly to ""Ricerca Scientifica"") for the English speaking readers. ""When we (Fermi and Segre) went to Cambridge, we discussed with him (rutherford), in great detail, our work. The work which had been accomplished up to that date by our group is summarized in a paper which was presented by Lord Rutherford to the Royal Society (Paper No. 98). The manuscript of this paper had been prepared in Rome and delivered to him in Cambridge. he read it immediately with great attention, made several corrections to improve our English, and turned it over to the Royal Society. I asked him whether it would be possible to obtain a speedy publication and he immediately answered ""What did you think I was President of the Royal Society for ?"" (Collected Papers of Enrico Fermi, Vol. I, p. 641).Volume 149 contains the importent joint paper on SUPERCONDUCTIVITY by the brothers FRITZ And H. LONDON ""The Electromagnetic Equations of the Superconductor"", pp. 71-88.""In 1933 shortly before Heinz London joined his brother at Oxford, W. Meissner and R. Ochsenfeld made a startling discovery. It was well known that currents in superconductors flow in such a way as to shield points inside the material from changes in the external magnetic field. This indeed is an obvious property of any resistance less medium, fully discussed by Maxwell in 1873 long before the discovery of superconductivity. But a superconductor does more. Whereas a zero resistance medium only counteracts changes in the field, it actually tends to expel the field present in its interior before cooling.... The London quickly saw its implications and in 1935 published a joint paper on the electrodynamics of superconductors, in which they replaced (paper by Deaver and Fairbanks) by a new phenomenological equation connecting the current with the magnetic rather than the electric field... ""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 47070

‎"FEYNMAN, R. P. (+) N. BOHR (+) J. A. WHEELER (+) J. R. OPPENHEIMER (+) H. SNYDER.‎

‎Forces in molecules [Feynman] (+) The mechanism of nuclear fission [N. Bohr. & J. A. Wheeler] ""On continued gravitational contraction"" [J. R. Oppenheimer & H. Snyder]. - [FEYNMAN'S UNDERGRADUATE THESIS & THE FIRST THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF A SINGULARITY]‎

‎[Lancaster], American Institute of Physics, 1939. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full red cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Entire volume of ""The Physical Review"", Volume 56, Second Series, July 1 - December 15, 1939. ""Development Department"" in small gilt lettering to lower part of spine. A very fine and clean copy. [Feynman:] Pp. 340-43. [Bohr & Wheeler:] Pp. 426-50. [Oppenheimer & Snyder:] Pp. 455-59. [Entire volume: X, 1264 pp.].‎

‎First printing of three landmark papers, all of seminal importance in history of physics: Feynman's undergraduate thesis at MIT, the intricacies of the fission process, the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs and the forgotten birth of black holes: The first theoretical description of a black hole, the production of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses.First printing of ""FORCES IN MOLECULES"" - know known as Feynman-Hellmann theorem - is Feynman's undergraduate thesis at MIT, published when he was just twenty-one, which helped to establish his name in the world of physics. ""This work treated the problem of molecular forces from a thoroughly quantum-mechanical point of view, arriving at a simple means of calculating the energy of a molecular system that continues to guide quantum chemists."" (DSB). ""As Feynman conceived the structure of molecules, forces were the natural ingredients. He saw springlike bonds with varying stiffness, atoms attracting and repelling one another. The usual energy-accounting methods seemed secondhand and euphemistic: [He demonstrated that] the force on an atom's nucleus is no more or less than the electrical force from the surrounding field of charged electrons-the electrostatic force. Once the distribution of charge has been calculated quantum mechanically, then from that point forward quantum mechanics disappears from the picture. The problem becomes classical"" the nuclei can be treated as static points of mass and charge. Feynman's approach applies to all chemical bonds"" (Gleick, The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, P. 54).Oppenheimer and Snyder's ""ON CONTINUED GRAVITATIONAL CONTRACTION"" constitute the very first theoretical prediction of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses. This phenomenon was later to be coined as a black hole. ""Had J. Robert Oppenheimer not led the US effort to build the atomic bomb, he might still have been remembered for figuring out how a black hole could form."" (American Physical Society). The paper has by several physics historians been described as the forgotten birth of black holes. ""Oppenheimer and his graduate student George Volkoff presented the first analysis of the formation of a neutron star in a 1939 Physical Review paper titled, ""On Massive Neutron Stars"". Oppenheimer wondered what would happen to a very massive neutron star. The Schwartzschild analysis of General Relativity has a theoretical limit, called the ""Schwartzschild limit"", when the ratio of mass-to-radius of a star is 236,000 times greater than the ratio for our sun. When this limit is exceeded, the Schwartzschild analysis does not yield a solution. Oppenheimer believed that a neutron star could have sufficient mass to exceed this limit. What would happen to it? Oppenheimer and his graduate student Hartland Snyder applied General Relativity theory to a star with sufficient mass and density to exceed the Schwartzschild limit. The Schwartzschild analysis assumed that the size of the star stays constant with time. Oppenheimer and Snyder found that they could achieve a real solution from General Relativity when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded by assuming that the diameter of the star decreases with time. They presented their analysis in a 1939 Physical Review paper, titled, ""On Continual Gravitational Contraction,"" which concluded with: ""When all thermonuclear sources of energy are exhausted, a sufficiently heavy star will collapse. Unless fission due to rotation, the radiation of mass, or the blowing off of mass by radiation, reduce the star's mass to the order of that of the sun, this contraction will continue indefinitely."" This analysis concluded that when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded, the star must collapse indefinitely until it reaches a singularity having an infinite density of matter"" (Bjornson, Singularity Predictions of General Relativity, P. 4).The Chandrasekhar / Eddington controvery in the mid 30ies did discuss the fate of neutron stars but the first thoroughly theoretical desciption was first published here. ""THE MECHANISM OF NUCLEAR FISSION"" is the first fully worked out theory of nuclear fission, which laid the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs.""Wheeler's technical mastery of physics is best seen in the classic paper of Bohr and Wheeler. Bohr and Wheeler wrote the paper in Princeton, where Bohr was visiting in the spring of 1939, a few months after the discovery of fission. The paper is a masterpiece of clear thinking and lucid writing. It reveals, at the center of the mystery of fission, a tiny world where everything can be calculated and everything understood. The tiny world is a nucleus of uranium 236, formed when a neutron is freshly captured by a nucleus of uranium 235. The uranium 236 nucleus sits precisely on the border between classical and quantum physics. Seen from the classical point of view, it is a liquid drop composed of a positively charged fluid. The electrostatic force that is trying to split it apart is balanced by the nuclear surface tension that is holding it together. The energy supplied by the captured neutron causes the drop to oscillate in various normal modes that can be calculated classically. Seen from the quantum point of view, the nucleus is a superposition of a variety of quantum states leading to different final outcomes. The final outcome may be a uranium 235 nucleus with a re-emitted neutron, or a uranium 236 nucleus with an emitted gamma-ray, or a pair of fission-fragment nuclei with one or more free neutrons. Bohr and Wheeler calculate the cross-section for fission of uranium 235 by a slow neutron and get the right answer within a factor of two. Their calculation is a marvelous demonstration of the power of classical mechanics and quantum mechanics working together. By studying this process in detail, they show how the complementary views provided by classical and quantum pictures are both essential to the understanding of nature. Without the combined power of classical and quantum concepts, the intricacies of the fission process could never have been understood. Bohr's notion of complementarity is triumphantly vindicated"" (John Archibald Wheeler, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 154 (2010)).‎

书商的参考编号 : 46900