‎Thé‎

‎"(MATHIEU, CLAUDE, MICHEL CHASLES, CHARLES EUGENE DELAUNAY) - THE WIBERG CALCULATING MACHINE PRESENTED.‎

‎Rapport sur la machine à calculer présentée par M. Wiberg.‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1863. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 56, No 8. Pp. (317-) 364. (Entire issue offered). The paper: pp. 330-339.‎

‎First apperance of this detailled report and examination by the French mathematiciens Mathieu, Chasles and Delaunay of the calculating machine invented by Martin Wiberg as an improvement on the Scheutz machine. The machine could produce tables of logarithms.""Wiberg modified the Scheutz difference engine, making it smaller and lighter, and used it to calculate a series of interest tables published in 1860. Efter improving the print mechanism of his machine, Wiberg presented it to the Academy of Sciences in Paris, which voted in 1863 to ""accorder son approbation à cette belle et ingénieuse machine"" (the paper offered). Wiberg later used the machine to produce a set of tables of seven-place logarithms of the numbers from 1 to 1000,000 together with logarithms of trigonometric functions, published in 1876 under the title 'Tables de logarithmes calculées et imprimées au moyen de la machine à calculer sw M. Wiberg'. (Hook & Norman ""Origins of Cyberspace"", No. 82).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 48991

‎"(TSCHIRNHAUS, EHRENFRIED W. von.). - URGING LEIBNIZ TO PUBLISH ON THE CALCULUS.‎

‎Methodus datae figurae, rectis lineis & curva Geometrica terminate, aut Quadraturam, aut impossibilitatem ejusdem Quadraturae determinandi. (+) Nova Methodus determinandi Maxima & Minima.‎

‎Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1683. 4to. Without wrappers. In: ""Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCLXXXIII"", No.III + X (March and October issues). Pp. 81-128 + pp. 417-464 a. 2 engraved plates. (Entire issues offered). Tschirnhaus's papers: pp. 122-124 + pp. 433-437. Some browning as usual.‎

‎First appearance of Tschirnhaus's two papers in which he used infinitisimal methods which were very close to Leibniz's method and where he tried to lay down criteria for rational quadratures in the case of conic, cubic and quadratic curves, papers that led Leibniz to publish his first paper on the differential calculus, the ""Nova Methoda"" in the Acta for 1684 in order to secure his priority over Tschirnhaus concerning the calculus. Leibniz discovered, when he read Tschirnhaus' papers, that Tschirnhaus had here published results showing similarity with Leibniz's invention of the calculus as he had confided to Tschirnhaus earlier, during their Parisian stay, and this without references to Leibniz.The second issue contains an original paper by LEIBNIZ: ""Meditatio Juridico-Mathematica de Interusurio simplice"". Pp. 425-32.‎

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‎"[THE BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE]‎

‎The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 1-2, 5-10, 12-20, 21-30, 32-55. [54 volumes in total].‎

‎Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1950 - 2004. 8vo. Volume 1-2 + 5-10 + 12-20 in green buckram with gilt lettering to spine. Volume 21 in orange buckram. Volume 22-30 in full buckram in different colours. Volume 32-55 in uniform blue buckram. All volumes with small library stamps to titel page and library label to back board.‎

‎""For over fifty years, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science has published the best international work in the philosophy of science under a distinguished list of editors including Alexander Bird, Peter Clark, Mary Hesse, James Ladyman, Imre Lakatos, and David Papineau. One of the leading international journals in the field, it publishes outstanding new work on a variety of traditional and 'cutting edge' topics, from issues of explanation and realism to the applicability of mathematics, from the metaphysics of science to the nature of models and simulations, as well as foundational issues in the physical, life, and social sciences. Recent topics covered in the journal include the epistemology of measurement, mathematical non-causal explanations, signalling games, the nature of biochemical kinds, and approaches to human cognitive development, among many others. The journal seeks to advance the field by publishing innovative and thought-provoking papers, discussion notes and book reviews that open up new directions or shed new light on well-known issues."" (Oxford University Press).‎

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‎"[THE ECONOMIST - THE PANAMA CANAL].‎

‎The Panama Canal. [The Economist, Weekly Commercial Times, Bankers' Gazette, and Railway Monitor: A Political Literary, and General Newspaper]. - [THE ECONOMIST - THE PANAMA CANAL]‎

‎London, The Economist Office, 1879. Small folio. Bound in comtemporary half cloth. Entire volume 37, July - December, 1879, of The Economist. Minor wear to extremities and a few repairs to a few leaves, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 761-1504.‎

‎Original printing of The Economist - the most important and influential economic journal worldwide - from the year 1879. The initial planning of the Panama Canal began in 1879. The enormous endeavor of digging the Canal was reflected in The Economist: ""The canal proposed by M. de Lesseps, and intended to pierce the Isthmus of Panama is in many respects a bolder enterprise even than the Suez Canal. The engineering difficulties are far greater, the climate is a much more serious obstacle to labour, and especially to that of Europeans, and, finally, the possibility of a rival plan being carried out is much greater.""‎

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‎"A Gentleman of the Middle Temple"‎

‎The Grounds and Rudiments of Law and Equity Alphabetically Digested: Etc.‎

‎London: Printed for T. Osborne 1751. Leather bumped rubbed and scratched with some minor staining to boards and minor chipping to spine. Hinges/joints cracked. Small period ink notation to corner of front pastedown. Occasional foxing and browning throughout otherwise textblock clean and solid. Second Edition. Full Leather. Good/No Jacket. Folio. Printed for T. Osborne Hardcover‎

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‎"A Member of the Bar" [editor]‎

‎Irish Eloquence: The Speeches of the Irish Orators Phillips Curran and Grattin to Which is Added the Poweful Appeal of Robert Emmett at the Close of His Trial for High Treason‎

‎Philadelphia: Key & Biddle. Good with no dust jacket; Shaken endpapers torn missing half rear . endpaper some foxing and light waterstains throughout shelfwear spine . creasing. 1834. Hardcover. 8vo; 548 pages . Key & Biddle hardcover‎

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‎"A Practical Housekeeper"‎

‎The Purity Cook-Book (Cookbook)‎

‎202 pages. 23 x 16cm. Index. Several charming colour illustrations plus more in black and white. Navy blue cloth-covered boards with white lettering on front board. Coupon page at back present and complete. Binding intact. Unmarked. A high-quality copy of this lovely vintage Canadian cookbook. Driver O771.2 Book‎

‎"ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE.‎

‎Kanzlei=Patent, betreffend die Publication eines Beschlusses der deutschen Bundesversammlung wider den Negerhandel, für das Herzogthum Holstein. Kopenhagen, den 27sten März 1846.‎

‎Kopenhagen, Jens Hostrup Schultz, (1846). 4to. (4) pp.‎

‎In this decree the Danish King states that the decree issued by ""Der Deutschen Bundesversammlung"" in 1845 about the abolition of the slave trade (Negerhandel), should be in force also in the German speeking part of Denmark, Herzogthum Holstein.‎

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‎"AIRY, B.G. (GEORGE BIDELL). - THE FIGURE OF THE EARTH.‎

‎On the Figure of the Earth. Read June 15, 1826.‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1826). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part II. Pp. 548-579. Clean and fine.‎

‎Airy's classic paper on the figure of the earth.‎

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‎"AMICI, JEAN-BAPTISTE. - INVENTION OF THE ACROMATIC MICROSCOPE.‎

‎Sur les Microscopes catadioptriques. (Traduit de l'italien).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1821. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 17, Cahier 4. With titlepage to tome 17. Pp. 337-414 a. 1 engraved folded plate. (Entire issue offered). Amici's paper: pp. 412-434 a. 1 folded engraved plate. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎First French edition of Amici's famous paper ""Dei microscopii catadiottrici"" first published in Italian in 1818, in which he describes his invention of a new type of catadioptric microscope, the first with successfull achromatic lenses. The invention had a great impact on biology - Amici himself was able to see the streeming movements of protoplasm in the Alga Chara and in examining the hairs on the stigma of Purslane he saw a tube given off by the pollen grain, and the granular content os prerform streaming movementys like those in Chara, an importent feature in plant fertilization.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 48349

‎"AMONTONS, (GUILLAUME). - ESTABLISHING THE LAW OF PROPORTIONALITY AND THE BASIC CONCEPT OF FRICTION.‎

‎De la Resistance cause'e dans les Machines, tant par les frottemens des parties qui les composent, que par la roideur des Cordes qu'on y employe, & la maniere de calculer l'un & l'autre.‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1702). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1699"". Pp. 206-227 a. 5 large engraved plates (tables). Textillustrations. Last leaf with a small paperloss in inner margin‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper on the friction loss of energy in machines, hereby establishing the basic concepts of friction.""In the same year (1699) Amontons produced the first known study on the question of losses caused by friction in machines. He then established the las of proportionality between friction an the mutual pressure of the bodies in contact."" (DSB I, p. 138).‎

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‎"AMONTONS, (GUILLAUME). - THE INVENTION OF THE THERMIC MOTOR.‎

‎Moyen de substituer Commodement L'Action du Feu, a la Force des Hommes et des Chevaux pour mouvoir les Machines.‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1702). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1699"". Pp. 112-126 and 1 engraved plate. (showing the ""Moulin a Feu"" Textillustrations.‎

‎First apperance of this classic paper in which Amontons decribes his invention of a thermic motor.""As early as 1699 Amontons proposed a thermic motor: a machine using hot air and external combustion with direct rotation. The experiments carried on in connection with this machine led him to note that ordinary air going from the temperature of ice to that of boiling water increases in volume by about one third.""(DSB I, p. 139).Together with L'HOPITAL ""Methode Facil pour trouver un Solide Rond qui étant mû dans un Fluide en repos paralellement..."" 1699/1702. Pp. 107-112‎

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‎"AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE. - ""ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEMOIRS IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY""‎

‎Mémoire sur une nouvelle Expérience électrodynamique, sur son application à la formule qui représente l'action mutuelle de deux élemend de conducteurs voltaïques, et sur de nouvelles conséquences déduites de cette formule. (Lu à l'Academie royale de...‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1825. 8vo. Bound in 2 uniform later hcloth. Gilt lettering to spines. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 29 a. 30. - 448 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates + 448 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. (The entire volumes offered). Ampère's papers: pp. 381-404 (tome 29) + Suite pp. 29-41 (tome 30) + ""Lettre à Gerhardi"": pp. 373-381 (tome 29). Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of this famous memoir, in which Ampère presented his collected results on electrodynamics to the French Academy, creating the foundation of 19th century developments in electricity and magnetism. In the words of James Clark Maxwell, ""We can scarcely believe that Ampère really discovered the law of action by means of the experiments which he describes. We are led to suspect, what, indeed, he tells us himself, that he discovered the law by some process which he has not shown us, and that when he had afterwards built up a pefect demonstration he removed all traces of the scaffolding by which he raised it.""The offered memoir was published BEFORE the famous ""Theorie mathématique des phénomènes électro-dynamiques uniquement déduite de L'expérience"", which did not appear until 1827. That 1827-Memoire incorporates, together with a new presentation of Ampère's results from 1820, 1822, 1823, the offered memoir (1825). (Horblit: 100 - Dibner: 62).""From 1814 until 1820 Ampére did not perform the kind of research that would have made it into the annals of the histrory of science, but on September 11, 1820 when he heard Francois Arago speak about Oersted's work, he got fresh inspiration and started the work that made him famous. Arago related how Oersted had found that a steady electric current influences the orientation of a compass needle. After a weak Ampère had determined experimentally that that two straight, parallel, and current-carrying, wires execute a force on each other. The magnitude of the force is inversely proportional to the distance between the wires and proportional to the strenghts of the current..... During the following years he continued his researches, both experimentally and theoretically. he built an instrument for measuring electricity that later was developed into the galvanometer. Finally in 1825 he presented his collected results to the Academy IN ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEMOIRS IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY (The paper offered)."" (Citizen's Compendium, p. 2). - Norman No 47.The volumes contain many other notable papers by: Wöhler, Fresnel, Marcet, Berzelius, Felix Savart, De la Rive, Braconnet, Boussingault, Magnus, Poncelet, Vaugelin, Poisson, Gay-Lussac, Faraday, Laplace etc.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 48082

‎"AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE. - INCORPORATED IN THE ""PRINCIPIA"" OF ELECTRODYNAMICS.‎

‎Extrait d'un Mémoire sur les Phénomènes électro-dynamiques. (Communique à l'Academie royale des Sciences le 22 dévcembre 1823). + Suite de l'Extrait, fait par M. Ampère, de son Mémoire sur les Phénomènes électro-dynamiques.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1824. 8vo. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 26, issue 2 and 3. With titlepage to vol. 26. Pp. 113-224 a. pp. 225-336, 1 folded engraved plate (entire issues offered). Ampere's papers: pp. 134-162 a. pp. 246-258.‎

‎First appearance of one of Ampere's importent contributions to electrodynamic. This memoir was later incorporated in his great memoir of 1827 ""Mémoire sur la théorie mathématique des phénomenes electro-dynamiques...."", published 1827, the ""Principia"" of electrodynamics.‎

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‎"AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE. - THE CLASSIFICATORY SYSTEM OF AMPERE.‎

‎Essai D'une Classification naturelle pour les Corps simples. (+) Suire De l'Essai i d'une Classification naturelle pour les Corps simples. (+) Suire D'une Classification naturelle pour les Corps simples. Suite du II. (+) Suite...Suite du II. (...‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1816) No wrappers as extracted fron 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 1 and 2 (2e Series). Pp. 295-308 a. pp. 373-394 (Vol. 1), pp. 5-32 a. pp. 105-125 (Vol. 2). With both halftitles to vols. 1 a. 2. Htitles shaved in inner margins, no loss of letters. All 4 papers having some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of Ampere's notable memoir (issued in 4 parts) in which he tries to set up a classification system for the elementary entities in chemistry tieing the elements together in a natural classification, a dim foreshadowing of the periodic table.""Here (in the paper offered) he drew attention to the similarities between Lavoisier's and his fellowers classification of elements in terms of their reactions with oxygen and Linnaeus' classification of plants in terms of their sexual organs. Bernard de Jussieu had successfully challenged Linnaeus with a natural system that took the whole plant into account and sought affinities between all parts of the plant, not just the flowers, as the basic classification. Ampère now wished to do the same thing for chemistry. By discovering a natural classification, i.e., one that tied the elements together by real and rather than artificial relations, Ampère hoped to prove a new insight into chemical reactions. His classificatory scheme, therefore, was not merely an ordering ofthe elements but, like the later periodic table of Dimitri Mendeleev, a true instrument of chemical research. Ampères system was as artificial as Lavoisier's...Thepapermay be noted, however, as an early attempt to find relationships between elements that would bring some order into the constantly growing number of elementary bodies.""(DSB I, p. 143).‎

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‎"AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE. - THE NEW ELECTRIC MOTOR AND AMPÉRE'S ""FORCE LAW""‎

‎Expériences relatives à de nouveaux phénomenes électro-dynamique. (+) Mémoire sur la Détermination de la formule qui représente l'action mutuelle de deux portions infiniment petites de conducteurs voltaiques.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1822). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Tome 20 (Premier Cahier) Pp. (5-) 112 a. 1 engraved plate. (Entire issue offered). Ampère's paper: pp. 60-74 a. 1 engraved folded plate depicting apparatus. Some brownspots to the plate.‎

‎First apperance of this importent paper in which Ampère his creation of a new kind of electric motor where he succeeded in spinning a cylindrical magnet around its axis by connecting it to a battery generating a steady current.With the invention of the battery (Allessandro Volta, 1800), the generation of a magnetic field from electric current (Hans Christian Oersted, 1820) the foundation for building electric motors was laid.Togetner with this paper comes the importent paper in which Ampère introduced his ""LAW OF FORCE"", the force which exists between two current elements. - Extract from the same volume of ""Annalen"", pp. 398-421. The text refers to the plate attached to the first paper offered here.‎

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‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE ""CRITICAL TEMPERATURE"" OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter. Received June 14, - Read June 17, 1869.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1870). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1869 - Vol. 159 - Part II. Pp. 575-590 and 1 plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Thomas Andrews announces his discovery of the ""CRITICAL POINT"", which states that for every gas there was a temperature above which pressure alone could not liquefy it.""This was a crucial discovery for it pointed the way toward the liquefaction of the permanent gases by demonstrating the necessity of dropping the temperature below the critical point before exerting pressure. This new view led within half a century to the work of Dewar and Kammerlingh-Onnes and the liquefaction of all known gases.""(Asimov).Magie: A Source Book in Physics, pp. 187-192. - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1869 C.‎

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‎"ARAGO, FRANCOIS - LOUIS DAGUERRE. - THE DAGUERREOTYPE.‎

‎Le Daguerréotype. (Seance du Lundi 19 Aout 1839). (+ Daguerre:) Des procédés photogéniques comme moyens de gravure - Lettre de M. Daguerre à M. Arago. (Séance du Lundi 20 Septembre 1839).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome IX, No. 8 a. 14. Pp. (249-) 282 a. pp. (417-) 436. Arago's rapport: Pp. 250-267 - Daguerre's letter: pp. 423-429. Both issues clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of the first official and complete report of the invention of the ""daguerreotype"", the photographic process invented by Louis Daguerre. The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication ""Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama"", (1839). Together with Daguerre's letter to Arago in which he relates the process of heliography and describes his contract with Niépce to exploit the heliogrphis process. The Heliogravure was invented by Niépce‎

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‎"ARAGO, FRANCOIS - LOUIS DAGUERRE. - THE INVENTION OF THE DAGUERREOTYPE.‎

‎Fixation des images qui se forment au foyer d'une chambre obscure. (Seance du Lundi 7 Janvier 1839). (+) Le Daguerréotype. (Seance du Lundi 19 Aout 1839).‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome VIII (No.1)+ IX, (No. 8) Entire issues offered with htitles and titlepages to both volumes. Pp. 1-36 + Pp. 249-282 and 1 lithographed plate. The papers: pp. 4-7 and pp. 250-267. A faint stamp to top of titlepages. A few brownspots to titlepages.‎

‎First Edition of the official and complete report of the invention of the ""daguerreotype"", the photographic process invented by Louis Daguerre. Together with the preliminary report of the invention (OF JANUARY 7). The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication ""Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama"", (1839). ""When the attempt to exploit the process of daguerreotype was unsuccessfull, Daguerre and Nièpce decided to offer their method to the government. Daguerre approached Francois Jean Arago, to whom he imparted, under the seal of secrecy his processes and those of Nicéphore Niépce. It was fortunate that Arago possessed such a great insight into the invention, which he received enthusiastically. He reported the invention of the daguerretype to the Academy of Sciences on January 7, 1839. The secrecy, however, was not observed very carefully, for the ""Gazette de France"" published a note abouit it on January 6, 1839, although without printing any details.""(Eder ""History of Photography"").‎

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‎"ARNOLD, GOTTFRID. - THE HERETICS OF THE CHURCH.‎

‎Unparteyische Kirchen= und Ketzer= Historie. Vom Anfang des Neuen Testaments Biss auf das Jahr Christi 1688. (1.-2. Theil).‎

‎Franckfurt am Mayn, Thomas Fritsch, 1700. Folio. Bound in one contemp. full calf. Spine worn. lacks leather at upper compartment and wear to lower compartment. Corners bumped and worn. (20),411:695,(36) pp. Woodcut on titlepage. A few scattered brownspots. A faint dampstain to lower margins on a few leaves. Oth3rwise internally fine.‎

‎Scarce second edition of Arnold's influential ""Impartial History of the Church and of Heresy"".""In this major revision of church history, Arnold directed his sharpest criticism against those who wrote deeply biased apologetic ""orthodox"" histories instead of trying to understand where substantial religious differences actually came from. In his view,""heresy making"" was usually the defensive reaction of those in authority, rather than a true indictment of unconventional thinkers. He thought that the worst calamity in Church history was its establishment as the accepted and orthodox faith by the Roman Emperor Constantine in the fourth century. Arnold evinced a remarkable sympathy for a huge variety of ""heretics."" This ""impartial history"" exercised a wide influence on the German Enlightenment and won approval from such thinkers as Johann Wolfgang Goethe in addition to Leo Tolstoy.""‎

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‎"Auteur de ""The Dominnie's Legacy""²"‎

‎The black watch. Volume 1‎

‎Richard BENTLEY, Londres. 1834. In-12. Relié demi-cuir. Etat d'usage, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Rousseurs. 318 pages. Pièce de titre avec titre doré arrachée. Dos orné de palettes dorées. Texte n anglais.. . . . Classification Dewey : 0-GENERALITES‎

‎Classification Dewey : 0-GENERALITES‎

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‎"BABBAGE, CHARLES. - THE LANGUAGE OF THE COMPUTER INVENTED.‎

‎On a Method of expressing by signs the action of machinery. Read March 16, 1826.‎

‎(London, W.Nicol, 1826). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part III. Pp. 250-265 and 4 engraved plates. Some faint dampstains to plates. One plate with a small tear, no loss. the same plate some creasing at upper part, verso of plate somewhat soiled. Page 261 with some marginal brownspots and some soiling. The other leaves clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a main paper in the history of Computing Science in which Babbage set forth some of the basic principles that guide modern computers.""Babbage's first publication of his system of mechanical notation that enabled him to describe the logic and operation of his machiness on paper as they would be fabricated in metal. Babbage later stated that: ""Without the aid of this language I could not have invented the Analytical Engine"" nor do I belive that any machinery of equal complexity can ever be contrived without the assistance of that or of some other equivalent language. The Difference Engine No.2...is entirely described by its aid."" .Babbage considered his mechanical notation system to be one of his finest inventions, and thought it should be widely implemented. It was a source of frustartion to him, that no other machine designerr adopted it (probably because no ther engineer during Babbage's time attermpted to build machines as logically and mechanically complex as Babbage's. More than one hundred years later, in the 1930s, when development in logic were applied to switching systems in the earliest efforts to devwelop electromechanical calculators. Ckaude Shannon demonstrated that Boolean algebra could be applied to the same types of problems for which Babbage had designed his mechanical notation system.""(Hook & Norman No. 37).Together with Babbage's paper comes a paper by J.F.W. Herschel ""On the parallax of the fixed stars"", pp. 266-280.‎

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‎"BABINET, J. (JACQUES) - BABINET'S PRINCIPLE - EXTENDING THE FINDINGS OF FRAUNHOFER.‎

‎Sur les couleurs des réseaux,‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1829). 8vo. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 , tome 40, Cahier 2. With halftitle to vol. 40. Pp. 113-224 a. 3 folded plates. (Entire issue offered). Babinet's paper: pp. 166-176 a. 1 plate.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Babinet expounds his importent law, stating the formula that holds between diffraction and diffraction pattern in optics. The principle plays an important role in antenna design and Babinet’s principle is particularly interesting to consider in this case where the metasurfaces and their complements can be regarded as variations on a folded dipole antenna array and patch antenna array, respectively. Babinet was together with Fresnel one of the pioneers in the development of the new optics, the wave-theory of light.""An early proponent of the wave theory of light which had recently been perfected by Fresnel and Young, Babinet devoted much of his research to extending its applications. His first published paper on optics. ""Sur les couleurs des réseaux,"" dealt with Fraunhofer’s discovery that white light viewed through a wire grating produces a series of continuous spectra. Babinet derived the formula that relates the deviation of rays of a given color to the ratio of their wavelength divided by the sum of the diameter of the wires plus the distance between any two wires. He also showed that diffraction experiments could yield an improved measure of wavelengths and presented a table of new values.Babinet realized that the grating was only one of a number of means of producing diffraction effects, so he extended his theoretical work to include other systems. The result was a concept known today as Babinet’s principle: ""If parallel rays fall normally on a diffraction system formed from a large number of openings... the diffraction phenomena will remain identically the same if the transparent parts become opaque, and reciprocally.""(DSB).‎

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‎"BALARD, ANTOINE JÉROME. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT BROMINE‎

‎Mémoire sur une Substance particulière contenue dans l'eau de la mer (le brôme).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1826. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering on spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, par Gay-Lussac et Arago"", tome 32. 448 pp., 3 folded engraved plates. Balard's paper: pp. 337-84. Entire volume offered with original memoirs by Savart, Berzelius, Humboldt, Arago, Poisson, Liebig, Dumas et al.‎

‎First printing of Balard's famous memoire in which he records his discovery of the new element Bromine (le brôme). While he was studying the flora of a salt marsh, he notized a deposit of sodium saulfate which had crystallized out in a pan containing mother liquer from common salts. ""In an attempt to find a use for the waste liquers he performed a number of experiments, and notized that when certain reagents were added, the mother liquer bacame brown. His investigation of this phenomenon,...ked to the remarkable discovery....(Weeks p. 264). ""The discovery of a new chemical element by a young and obscure provincial pharmacist caused a sensation in Paris. Balard's achievemnt was recognized by the Academie des Sciences and he was awarded a medal by the Royal Society of London.""(DSB I, p. 416). ""The discovery of bromine is a very importent acquisition to chemistry, and gives M. Balrad honorable rank inthe career of the sciences. We are of the opinion that this young chemist is every way worthy of the encouragement of the Academy, and we have the honour to propose that his memoir shall be printed in the ""Recueil des Savants Étrangers"" (The report from the French Academy, signed by Vaugelin, Thenard, and Gay-Lussac).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 59047

‎"BARKER, ROBERT. - THE OBSERVATORY AT BENARES.‎

‎An Account of the Bramin's Observatory at Benares. In a Letter to John Pringle. Read May 29, 1777.‎

‎(London, W. Bowyer and J. Nichols, 1777). 4to. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Year 1777. Vol. 67 - Part II. Pp. 598-607 and 3 large folded engraved plate. One of these the well known view of the Banaras Jantar Mantar by Archibald Campbell, measuring 23x43 cm. Wide-margined, clean and fine.‎

‎The paper describes one of the five famous observatories built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II of Jaipur, consisting of stone instruments used for determining solar time precisely, based on Muslim design principles.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46844