‎Thé‎

‎"BOSCOVICH (BOSCOVIC), ROGER JOSEPH (RUDJER J.). - GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND THE RAINBOW.‎

‎Extrait d'une Lettre du P. Boscovich, Jésuite, Correspondant de l'Academie, écrite à M. de Mairan.‎

‎(Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1760). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires de Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome III. Pp. 321-325. A faint dampstain to inner margins.‎

‎First apperance of Boskovic's paper in which he explains how light is refracted and reflected in droplets of water, creating the coloured rainbow - he discusses the sphericity in connection with both refraction and reflexion of light and he comments on Newton's optics.‎

Référence libraire : 45083

‎"BOWMAN, WILLIAM. - CLASSIC WORK ON THE STRIATED MUSCLE FIBRES.‎

‎On the Minute Structure and Movements of Voluntary Muscle...In a Letter addressed to Robert Bently Todd. Received June 18, - Read June 18, 1840. (+) Additional Note on the Contraction of Voluntary Muscle in the Living Body. received April 15, - Read A...‎

‎(London, Richard and John E., Taylor, 1840 a. 1841). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1840 - Part II. Pp. 457-501 a. 4 lithographed plates + 1841 - Part I., pp. 69-72. Both papers clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this classic paper on the physiology of the muscles. - ""Classical description of the striated muscle"" (Garrison & Morton No. 542).Striated muscle fine structure began to be really understood following a comprehensive survey of the matter carried out by William Bowman in the late 1830s. The publications resulting from such a study, the first of which earned for the author a precocious election as Fellow of the Royal Society.""Bowman succeeded in establishing the true architecture of striated muscle fibres to the extent possible with the most advanced technology available in his day - explaining and eradicating alternative erroneous concepts in the process - but also in correctly describing the basic microstructural changes associated with contraction. In addition, although unrecognized by him or others at the time, his experiments with muscle provided direct evidence for the existence of a selectively permeable cell membrane - in the present meaning of the word - over half a century before its officially accepted discovery. Yet, in spite of these remarkable advances, Bowman arrived at the conclusion that the structure of striated muscle fibres is essentially irrelevant for the mechanism of contraction.""(Eugenio Frixione).‎

Référence libraire : 42942

‎"BRACONNOT, HENRI. - THE FIRST ISOLATION OF GLYCINE AND LEUCINE.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Conversion des matières animales en nouvelles substances par le moyen de l'acide sulfurique.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1820). No wrappers. In: Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Series 2, Tome 13, Cahier 2. Pp. 113-224 (entire issue offered). Braconnot's paper: pp. 113-125. Clean.‎

‎First printing recording Braconnot's isolation of Glycine and Leucine which became the first instance in which a pure amino acid was received from a protein (gelatin) by acidic hydrolysis.""He went on to study the effects of sulfuric acid on animal substances: gelatin, muscle fibers, and wool. In the case of gelatin, he discovered a sugar-like substance which he called sucre de gélatine, later named glycocoll (glycine). Sulfuric acid converted wool and muscle fiber to a white substance he called leucine."" (DSB).Garrison & Morton: 668.3.‎

Référence libraire : 50172

‎"BRAHE, TYGE (TYCHO). - THE FIRST DANISH TRANSLATION OF ""DE NOVA STELLA"".‎

‎Den Ny Stjerne (1572). Oversat fra Latin af Otto Gelsted under medvirken af Thøger Larsen med Efterskrift af Harald Mortensen og Noter af Thøger Larsen. (Omslagstitlen). Danskerens Tyge Brahe's matematiske Betragtning over den Ny og aldrig nogensinde...‎

‎Lemvig, Atlantis' Forlag, 1923. Ubeskåret i originale bogtrykte omslag. De første og sidste blade med lidt brunpletter. (2),56,(2) pp., tekstillustrationer. (Særtryk af Atlantis). Nr. 122 af 200 salgseksemplarer, hele oplaget var på 250 eksemplarer. Nederste margin af omslaget med en svag skjold.Uncut in the original printed wrappers. First and last leaves with a bit of brownspotting. Lower margin of wrapper with a faint damp stain. (2),56,(2) pp., tekstillustrationer.‎

‎Første danske oversættelse af Brahes ""De Nova Stella"". Værket er aldrig blevet oversat i sin helhed, men Gelsted og Thøger Larsen har her oversat værkets astronomiske del for første gang i det 350. år efter dens første udgivelse. First edition of the first Danish translation of any part of Brahe's seminal ""De Nova Stella"" (1573). The work has never been translated in its entirety, but here we have Gelted and Thøger Larsen's excellent translation of the astronomical part of it, published 350 years after its original publication in Latin. This is nr. 122 out of 200 copies that were for sale, being an offprint from ""Atlantis"".‎

Référence libraire : 45598

‎"BRAUN, FERDINAND. - THE DISCOVERY OF SEMICONDUCTOR RECTIFIER EFFECT.‎

‎Ueber die Stromleitung durch Schwefelmetalle.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1874. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. 5 raised bands, gilt spine and gilt lettering to spine. A few scratches to spine. Small stamp on verso of first -and general- titlepage. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Sechste Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 153). X,636 pp., 4 plates. (Entire volume offered). Braun's paper: pp. 556-563.‎

‎First printing of Brown's importent paper in which he described his discovery of a semiconductor diode, noting that electrical currents flows freely in only one direction at the contact between a metal point and a galena crystal.""In 1874 Braun published the results of his research on mineral metal sulfides. He found that these crystals conducted electric currents in only one direction. This information was important in electrical research and in measuring another property of substances, the electrical conductivity, but Braun’s discovery did not have immediate practical application. In the early twentieth century the principle that Braun had discovered was employed in crystal radio receivers.""(DSB).The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 was awarded jointly to Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun ""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"".‎

Référence libraire : 49327

‎"BRILLOUIN, LÉON.- THE INDTRODUCTION OF THE ""WKB METHOD"" IN QUANTUM MECHANICS.‎

‎La mécanique ondulatoire de Schrödinger"" une méthode générale de résolution par approximations successives.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1926. 4to. Without wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 183, No 1. Pp. (5-) 100. (Entire issue offered). Brillouin's paper: pp. 24-26.‎

‎First appearance of Brillouin's importent paper in which he introduced the WKB-method in quantum Mechanics.""In 1925 Brillouin was the only French theoretician to react competently to Werner Heisenberg’s new matrix mechanics. In two papers published in 1926, he contributed to the exploration of the mathematical content of Heisenberg’s theory. Brillouin’s first contribution in this field was important (the paper offered). Through a new method of semiclassical approximation, he discovered the relation between Schrodinger’s mechanics and the quantum theory of Niels Bohr and Sommerfeld. Presumably inspired by de Broglie’s early analogies between mechanics and optics, he found this approximation as the quantum mechanical counte)t of the approximation. In this procedure, stationary solutions of the Schrödinger equation are sought in the form eiS/h (as in the eikonal approximation of optics). In the first approximation (h small), S must be a solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of classical mechanics, and the Bohr-Sommerfeld conditions (S = 2pnh on a closed trajectory) must be satisfied for the W function to be defined and singlevalued in all space. Subsequent corrections are proportional to successive powers of h. They intermix the various Bohr trajectories. thereby reintroducing the complex interplay of quantum states found in matrix mechanics, This method, published by Brillouin in July 1926 - anticipated by Harold Jeffreys in 1923 in a purely mathematical context, reinvented by Gregor Wentzel in September 1926. and perfected by Hendrik Kramers in November 1926 - is now called the (J) BWK method and is widely used in many quantum mechanical problems.""(DSB).See also Max Jammer ""The Conceptual development of Quantum Mechanics"", pp. 277 ff.‎

Référence libraire : 47142

‎"BROGLIE (DE BROGLIE), LOUIS DE . - DISCOVERY OF THE WAVE THEORY OF MATTER AND CREATION OF WAVE-MECHANICS‎

‎Ondes et quanta. Note de M. Louis de Broglie, présentée par M. Jean Perrin. (Séance du 10 Septembre 1923). (+) Quanta de lumière, diffraction et interférences. Note de M. Louis de Broglie, transmise par M. Jean Perrin. (Séance du 24 Septembre 1923). (...‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1923. 4to. Bound in one contemp. full buckram. Spines gilt and with gilt lettering. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 177. Bound with orig. printed front-wrapper to No. 1, half-title and title-page to vol. 177. 1513 pp. (Entire volume offered). De Broglie's papers: pp. 507-510, pp. 548-551 a. pp. 630-32. Clean and fine. A punched stamp on foot of title-page.‎

‎First edition of these papers which ESTABLISHED A NEW ERA IN PHYSICS by introducing the epochal new principle that particle-wave duality should apply not only to radiation but also to matter and thus CREATING QUANTUM MECHANICS. These 3 papers were extended to form his doctoral thesis of 1924 ""Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta.""De Broglie relates ""After long reflection in solitude and meditation, I suddenly had the idea, during the year 1923, that the discovery made by Einstein in 1905 should be generalized by extending it to all material particles and notably to electrons"" (Preface to his PhD thesis 1924).""He made the leap in his September 10, 1923, paper: E=hv should hold not only for photons but also for electrons, to which he assigns a 'fictitious associated wave'. In his September 24 paper, he indicated the direction in which one 'should seek experimental confirmations of our ideas': a stream of electrons traversing an aperture whose dimensions are small compared with the wavelenght of the electron waves 'should show diffraction phenomena' .""(Pais ""Subtle is the Lord"", pp. 425-436).In the third paper (October 8) he discusses ""The interplay between the propagation of the particle and of the waves could be expressed in more formal terms as an identity between the fundamental variational principles of Pierre de Fermat (rays), and Pierre Louis Maupertuis (particles) as de Broglie discussed it further in his last communication . Therein he also considered some thermodynamic consequences of his generalized wave-particle duality. He showed in particular how one could, using Lord Rayleigh’s 1900 formula for the number of stationary modes for phase waves, obtain Planck’s division of the mechanical phase space into quantum cells.Louis de Broglie achieved a worldwide reputation for his discovery of the wave theory of matter, for which he received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1929. His work was extended into a full-fledged wave mechanics by Erwin Schrödinger and thus contributed to the creation of quantum mechanics. After an early attempt to propose a deterministic interpretation of his theory, de Broglie joined the Copenhagen school’s mainstream noncausal interpretation of the quantum theory.""(DSB).""This idea [i.e. de Broglie's that matter might behave as waves] was tested and confirmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927... Thus the duality of both light and matter had been established, and physicists had to come to terms with fundamental particles which defied simple theories and demanded two sets of 'complementary' descriptions, each applicable under certain circumstances, but incompatible with one another."" (Printing and the Mind of Man, 417).‎

Référence libraire : 49718

‎"BROGLIE (DEBROGLIE), LOUIS de. - DISCOVERY OF THE WAVE THEORY OF MATTER AND CREATION OF WAVE-MECHANICS.‎

‎Ondes et quanta. Note de M. Louis de Broglie, présentée par M. Jean Perrin. (Séance du 10 Septembre 1923). (+) Quanta de lumière, diffraction et interférences. Note de M. Louis de Broglie, transmise par M. Jean Perrin. (Séance du 24 Septembre 1923). (...‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1923. 4to. Bound in 2 contemp. full cloth. Spines gilt and with gilt lettering. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 177. With htitle a. titlepage. 1513 pp. (Entire volume offered). De Broglie's papers: pp. 507-510, pp. 548-551 a. pp. 630-32. Clean and fine. A stamp to verso of titlepage.‎

‎First edition of these papers which ESTABLISHED A NEW ERA IN PHYSICS by introducing the epochal new principle that particle-wave duality should apply not only to radiation but also to matter and thus CREATING QUANTUM MECHANICS. These 3 papers were extended to form his doctoral thesis of 1924 ""Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta.""De Broglie relates ""After long reflection in solitude and meditation, I suddenly had the idea, during the year 1923, that the discovery made by Einstein in 1905 should be generalized by extending it to all material particles and notably to electrons"" (Preface to his PhD thesis 1924).""He made the leap in his September 10, 1923, paper: E=hv should hold not only for photons but also for electrons, to which he assigns a 'fictitious associated wave'. In his September 24 paper, he indicated the direction in which one 'should seek experimental confirmations of our ideas': a stream of electrons traversing an aperture whose dimensions are small compared with the wavelenght of the electron waves 'should show diffraction phenomena' .""(Pais ""Subtle is the Lord"", pp. 425-436).In the third paper (October 8) he discusses ""The interplay between the propagation of the particle and of the waves could be expressed in more formal terms as an identity between the fundamental variational principles of Pierre de Fermat (rays), and Pierre Louis Maupertuis (particles) as de Broglie discussed it further in his last communication . Therein he also considered some thermodynamic consequences of his generalized wave-particle duality. He showed in particular how one could, using Lord Rayleigh’s 1900 formula for the number of stationary modes for phase waves, obtain Planck’s division of the mechanical phase space into quantum cells.Louis de Broglie achieved a worldwide reputation for his discovery of the wave theory of matter, for which he received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1929. His work was extended into a full-fledged wave mechanics by Erwin Schrödinger and thus contributed to the creation of quantum mechanics. After an early attempt to propose a deterministic interpretation of his theory, de Broglie joined the Copenhagen school’s mainstream noncausal interpretation of the quantum theory.""(DSB).""This idea [i.e. de Broglie's that matter might behave as waves] was tested and confirmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927... Thus the duality of both light and matter had been established, and physicists had to come to terms with fundamental particles which defied simple theories and demanded two sets of 'complementary' descriptions, each applicable under certain circumstances, but incompatible with one another."" (Printing and the Mind of Man, 417).‎

Référence libraire : 46949

‎"BROWN, ROBERT. - THE DISCOVERY OF ""BROWNIAN MOTION""‎

‎Mikroskopische Beobachtungen über die im Pollen der Pflanzen enthaltenen Partikeln, und über das allgemeine Vorkommen activer Molecüle in organischen und unorganischen Körpern"" (Unterdem Titel: ""A brief Account of Microscopical Observations made in th...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1828. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 14, Zweites Stück. (=Jahrgang 1828, zehntes Stück). Pp. 191-306 a. 3 engraved plates. (the entire issue offered (Heft 2) together with the titlepage to 14. Band). Brown's paper: pp. 294-313. Clean and fine. Small stamp on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance in German of this monumental paper in atomic theory and kinematics, as it was the first evidence for atomism that was an observation rather than a deduction from abstract principles.""In 1827 as he was viewing a suspension of pollen in Water under the microscope, he noted that the individual grains were moving about irregularly. This, he thought, was the result of the life hidden within the pollen grains. However, when he studied dye particles (indubitably nin-livin) suspended in water, he found the same erratic motion. This has been called ""Brownian motion"" ever since and Brown could merely report on the observation. He had no explanation for it. Nor had anyone else until the development of the kinetic theory of gases by men such as Maxwell a generation later. It seemed plain. after Maxwell and especially after the work of Einstein and Perrin a half century after Maxwell, that the Brownian Motion was actually a visible effect of the fact that water was composed of particles. It was the first evidence for atomism that was an observation rather than a deduction."" (Asimov).The issue contains other importent papers by C.. Naumann, G. Magnus, Th. Saussure ""Kohlensäuregas in der Atmosphäre"" andothers.PMM: 290 (the English paper from 1828) - Sparrow, Milestones of Science No 31. - Magie ""A Source Book in Physics p. 251-255. - Dibner, Heralds of Science No 156.‎

Référence libraire : 43318

‎"BUGGE, THOMAS. - ON THE COMET OF 1807.‎

‎Betragtninger over Cometer i almindelighed og Observationer paa Comten i October, November og December 1807.‎

‎(København, S. Popp, 1810). 4to. Uden omslag som udkommet i Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. (79) pp. samt 3 kobberstukne foldeplancher.‎

‎I afhandlingen afbilder den ene planche af stjernehimlen kometens bane, som den blev iagttaget i København fra begyndelsen af oktober 1807. Blandt de detaljerede beregninger og beskrivelser af kometen indeholder afhandlingen også en paragraf hvori Bugge forsøger at eliminere frygten for de skadevirkninger kometen kunne forsage. Om sandsynligheden for et sammenstød med Jorden skriver Bugge:""man kan vædde Qvadratet ef et uendeligt stort Tal imod een, at Jordens Sammenstød med en Comet ej nogensinde vil indtræffe.""‎

Référence libraire : 35978

‎"BUNSEN, ROBERT & HENRY E. ROSCOE. - THE LAWS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTION.‎

‎Photo-chemical Researches. - Part IV. Received May 26 - Read May 26, 1859.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1859 - Vol. 149 - Part II. Pp. 879-926. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance in English of a classic paper in the investigations of chemical reactions produced by lightrays. Their joined work - from 1855-59 - founded scientific photochemistry, by determining the phenomena of induction, deduction and extinction. They found that the beginning of light reaction takes place at first very slowly and that the velocity increases gradually until it attains a constant value, observing also that steam accelerates the action and that air retards it. They also gave proofs of the ""Law of Reciprocity‎

Référence libraire : 42633

‎"By The Author Of Elizabeth and Her German Garden"‎

‎Reminiscences of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment‎

‎Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Company. Near Fine. 1899. Hardcover. Blue cloth covers with double stamped borders and bright gilt lettering on front board and spine. Tight binding and clean unmarked text. T. E. G. Deckled foredge. Black and white photographs including frontispiece of the author. ; B&W Photographs; 8vo 8" - 9" tall; 186 pages . Wright & Potter Printing Company hardcover‎

Référence libraire : 1574

‎"By the Authors of the 'Wide Wide World ' 'Melbourne House ' &c." Warner Susan Bogert. 1819 1885; Warner Anna Bartlett. 18‎

‎The GOLDEN LADDER: Stories Illustrative of The Eight Beatitudes‎

‎London: James Nisbet & Co. 1867. Twenty-Sixth Thousand cf. BAL 21266. Original publisher's purple cloth binding with gilt spine lettering & boards stamped in blind. Shaken with a few loose gatherings & rear hinge cracked. Poi to ffep with abrasion mark underneath. Occasional spot & smudge. A Good copy of an uncommon title. vii 1 blank 479 1 8 pp. 8 page publisher catalogue concludes volume. Frontis & 7 inserted chromolithographed plates by Evans. 12mo. <br/><br/> James Nisbet & Co. hardcover books‎

Référence libraire : 42760

‎"BÖRGESEN, F.‎

‎Algenvegetationsbilder von den Küsten der Färöer (In ""Vegetationsbilder. Vierte Reihe, Heft 6.""). - [PRESENTATION-COPY]‎

‎Jena, Fischer, 1906. 4to. Bound with the original yellow printed wrappers in recent blue boards. With author's presentation to Eugene Warming: ""Hr Professor Warming / fra / Deres erbødigt hengivne / F. Börgesen"". A very nice and clean copy. (4) pp. + 6 photo-plates.‎

Référence libraire : 62517

‎"CAILLETET, M.L. - THE PROCESS OF LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN AND OTHER GASES INVENTED.‎

‎Recherches sur la Liquèfaction des Gaz.‎

‎(Paris, G. Masson, 1878). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 15, Cahier Septembre 1878. Pp. 5-144. (Entire issue offered). Cailletet's paper: pp. 132-144, textillustrations of apparatus used.‎

‎First appearance of a milestonepaper in chemistry in which Cailletet describes his invention of the liquedifaction-process of oxygen and 5 other gases - and a classic in Low-Temperature Chemistry.""Cailletet is most famous for his investigations on the compression and liquefaction of gases. At the time there were still six gases that were considered permanen: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, nitrogen dioxyde, acrbon monooxide, and acetylene. Liquefaction had not been achieved despite the use of what were considered ernomous pressures. At the end of 1877 and the beginning of 1878 Callitet liquefied all these gases shortly before Raoul Pictet, who employed a completely different procedure. Cailletet had, following Andrews, recognized the importence of the critical temperature, above which liquefaction of a gas does not take place. In order to produce the necessary ccoling, he had recourse to expansion, sometimes employing several expansions in a staged process. It was in this manner that he succeeded in liquefying oxygen by beginning with liquid ethylene and passing through the stage of liquid methane.""(DSB III, pp. 11-12). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1877 C.‎

Référence libraire : 44230

‎"CALMETTE, (LÉON CHARLES ALBERT). - THE REACTION TEST FOR TUBERCULOSIS.‎

‎Sur un nouveau procédé de diagnostic de la tuberculose chez l'homme par l'ophtalmo-réaction à la tuberculine.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie), 1907. 4to. Without wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 144, No 24. Pp.(1309-) 1396. (Entire issue offered). Calmette's paper: pp. 1324-1326.‎

‎First printing of calmette's paper in which he introduced his conjunctival reaction test for tuberculosis.Garrison & Morton: 2337.‎

Référence libraire : 47219

‎"CARTAN, ÉLIE. - THE EINSTEIN-CARTAN THEORY (ECT) OF GRAVITATION.‎

‎Sur une définition géométrique du tenseur d'énergie d'Einstein. (+) Sur une généralisation de la notion de courbure de Riemann et les espaces à torsion. (+) Sur les espaces généralisés et la théorie de la Relativité. (+) Sur les espaces conformes...‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1922. 4to. Bound in 2 uniform full cloth, but of slightly different sizes. Paperlabels pasted to lower part of spines. A faint stamp to titlepage and some of the issues. In ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 174. 1815,(1) pp. (Entire volume offered). Cartan's papers: pp.437-439, 593-595, 734-737, 857-60, 1104-1107.‎

‎First edition of these papers, in which Cartan intruced the concept of ""Torsion"", the main inspiration for Einstein in his searce for a unified field theory. The ECT of gravity is a modification of the General relativity Theory""The Einstein-Cartan theory, also known as the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory, is a classical theory of gravitation similar to general relativity but relaxing the assumption that the affine connection has vanishing antisymmetric part (torsion tensor), so that the torsion can be coupled to the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of matter, much in the same way in which the curvature is coupled to the energy and momentum of matter. In fact, the spin of matter in curved spacetime requires that torsion is not constrained to be zero but is a variable in the principle of stationary action. Regarding the metric and torsion tensors as independent variables gives the correct generalization of the conservation law for the total (orbital plus intrinsic) angular momentum to the presence of the gravitational field. The theory was first proposed by Élie Cartan in 1922 and expounded in the following few years. Dennis Sciama and Tom Kibble independently revisited the theory in the 1960s, and an important review was published in 1976. Albert Einstein became affiliated with the theory in 1928 during his unsuccessful attempt to match torsion to the electromagnetic field tensor as part of a unified field theory. This line of thought led him to the related but different theory of teleparallelism."" (Wikipedia).‎

Référence libraire : 48912

‎"CAUCHY, AUGUSTIN + I.J. BIENAYMÉ - THE CAUCHY DISTRIBUTION AND THE PROOF OF CLT.‎

‎Mémoire sur l'évaluation d'inconnues déterminées par un grand nombre d'équations approximatives du premier degré. (+) Mémoire sur l'interpolation, ou Renarques sur les remarques de M. Jules Bienaymé. (+) Sur la nouvelles méthode d'interpolat...‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier),1853. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XXXVI, No. 26 and tome XXXVII. No. 3,4,6,7,9,10 (entire issues offered). The papers: pp. 1114-1122, 64-69, 100-109, 198-206, 264-272, 326-334, 381-385. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First printing of these importent papers in probability theory, introducing the Cauchy-Distribution and proving the Central Limit Theorem (CLT).""In the course of these investigations Cauchy proved the central limit theorem by means of Fourier transforms in a much more general setting than Laplace had done."" (DSB).‎

Référence libraire : 48829

‎"Cavendish " Author of "The Laws and Principles of Whist " Etc. Etc. pseudonym of Jones Henry. 1831 1899‎

‎PATIENCE GAMES with Examples Played Through. Illustrated with Numerous Diagrams‎

‎London: Thos. De La Rue & Co 1890. 1st edition thus. Original publisher's terra-cotta cloth binding with gilt stamped lettering to spine & front board; publisher logo gilt stamped to rear board. AEG. PO stamp to front paste-down. Volume professionally refurbished Very Good. 216 8 pp. Thos. De La Rue & Co's List last 8 pages. Frontis. Black & red card illustrations throughout. Oblong format: 8-3/4" x 10-1/8" <br/><br/> Thos. De La Rue & Co hardcover books‎

Référence libraire : 47413

‎"CAVENDISH, HENRY. - WEIGHING THE WORLD - THE MOST IMPORTENT ADDITION TO GRAVITATION THEORY SINCE NEWTON.‎

‎Versuche über die Dichtigkeit der Erde zu Bestimmen. Erläutert vom Herausgegeber (Gilbert). (Experiments to determine the Density of the Earth.).‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1799). Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 2, Erstes Stück. (The entire issue offered). 1-118 a. 2 folded engraved plates. Cavendish's paper: pp. 1-62. (the torsion balance of Michell shown on the plates).‎

‎First German edition of Cavendish's famous paper in which he calculated the weight of the earth and determined its mass. He also, as the first, observed gravitational motion of minute portions of matter. He estimates the earth's mass to 6,6 x 10 to the potential of 24 kg. The original paper ""Experiments to determine the Density of the Earth"" appeared in Philosophical Transaction, 1798.""Cavendish published five papers between 1784 and 1809...With one exception they were comparatively minor productions....The exception was his determination of the density of the earth or weighing of the world in 1798, by means of John Michell's torsion balance. The apparatus consisted of two lead balls on either end of a suspended beam" these movable balls were attracted by a pair of stationary lead balls. Cavendish calculated the the force of attraction between the balls fro the observed period of oscillation of the balance and deduced the density of the earth from the force. He found it to be 5.48 times that of water. Cavendish was the first to observe gravitational motions induced by comparatively minute portions of ordinary matter...By weighing the world he rendered the law of gravitation complete. The law was no longer a proportionally statement but a quantitatively exact one" this was the most importent addition to the science of gravitation since Newton.""(DSB III, p. 158.).The issue contains further papers by Ritter, Chladni et al.‎

Référence libraire : 48206

‎"CAYLEY, ARTHUR. - THE FOUR COLOUR THEOREM.‎

‎On the Colouring of Maps.‎

‎London, Edward Stanford, 1879. Without wrappers in ""Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and monthly Record of Geography"", April issue with titlepage to vol. 1, 1879. Pp.(2), 225-288 a. 2 folded maps. Cayley's paper: pp. 259-261‎

‎Fitrst appearance of Cayley's famous paper on the Four-Colour-Problem""The four-colour map problem (to prove that on any map only four colours are needed to separate countries) is celebrated in mathematics. It resisted the attempts of able mathematicians for over a century and when it was successfully proved in 1976 the ‘computer proof’ was controversial: it did not allow scrutiny in the conventional way. At the height of his influence in 1878, Arthur Cayley had drawn attention to the problem at a meeting of the London Mathematical Society and it was duly ‘announced’ in print. (the paper offered). He made a short contribution himself and he encouraged the young A. B. Kempe to publish a paper on the subject. Though ultimately unsuccessful, the work of Cayley and Kempe in the late 1870s brought valuable insights..... Francis Galton is revealed as the ‘go-between’ in suggesting Cayley publish his observations in Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society."" (Tony Crilly).The Four-Colour-Theorem was proved in 1976 by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken. It was the first major mathematical theorem to be proved using a computer.‎

Référence libraire : 41917

‎"CHADWICK, J. (JAMES) & E.S. BIELER. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCES.‎

‎The Collisions of alpha particles with Hydrogen Nuclei.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis), 1921. Blank wrapper. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"" Sixth Series, Vol.42, No. 252, December 1921. Pp. 873-1024, textillustr. a. 1 plate. (Entire issue offered). Chadwick & Bieler's paper: pp. 923-940, textillustr.‎

‎First printingof this milestone paper in which the strong nuclear forces are mentioned for the first time.""It was only in 1921 that Chadwick had first shown that, at very small distances, the interactions of alpha particles with the atomic nucleus did not follow exactly the inverse square law predicted from the repulsion of their positive electrical scharges. Chadwick concluded that his experiments showed that these nuclear forces are of ""very great intensity"". According to Pais, this is THE FIRST PUBLISHED STATEMENT ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF A STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE. This 'new force' interpretation was disputed untill well into 1920s.""(Hey & Walters).""In any event, Chadwick and Bieler's final conclusion avoid all reference to a possible electromagnetic cause for the deviations from the simple theory: ""The present experiments do not seem to throw any light on the nature of the law of variation of the forces at the seat of an electric charge, but merely show that the forces are of very great intensity... It is our task to find some field of force which will reproduce these effects."" I consider this statement, made in 1921, as marking the birth of the strong interaction.""(Pais in ""Inward Bound"", p. 240).‎

Référence libraire : 46992

‎"CHAULNES, LE DUC DE. - INVENTION OF THE DUC DE CHAULNES-MICROSCOPE.‎

‎Mémoire sur quelque Expériences relatives à la Dioptrique.‎

‎Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1770. 4to. Without wrappers. In ""Histoire de L'Academie Royale des Sciences. Année MDCCLXVII. Avec les Memoires de Mathematiques & de Physique, pour la même Année."" Pp. 423-470 and 10 folded engraved plates. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition. The author here describes his invention of this microscope with full instructions for manufacture and with fine drawings of every part of the instrument on 10 fine plates.‎

Référence libraire : 53455

‎"CICERO, M. TULLIUS. - THE GRAEVIUS EDITION.‎

‎Orationes. Ex recensione Ioannis Georgii Graevii cum ejusdem animadversionibus, Et notis integris Francisci Hotomanni, Dionysii Lambini, Fulvii Ursini, Paulli Manutii ac selectis aliorum. Ut & Q. Asconio Pediano, & Anynomo Scoliaste.‎

‎Amsterdam, (Typographia Blaeu), Ianssonio-Waesbergios, 1699 (1695)-98. 8vo. Bound in 6 uniform contemp. full calf. Richly gilt spines. Titlelabels with gilt lettering. Spines a bit rubbed. Light wear to spine ends. 2 hinges with small tears. Engraved frontispiece. Printers woodcut device on title-pages. Around 4000 pp. Intenally fine.‎

‎First edition of the notes edition by Graevius. ""It is beautifully printed by Bleau, and forms the prominent feature in the best octa variorum editions of Civero's works. Some of the volumes bear the dates of 1696, 1698. The second part of the first volume bears date 1695. After all the labours of subsequent Editors, and the efforts of subsequent Printers, I am not sure whether, for commodiousness, accuracy, and beauty, any advantage will be gained by the exchange of this, for any other separately printed, impression of the Orations of Civcero."" (Dibdin I:441-42).‎

Référence libraire : 50085

‎"CLAIRAUT, (ALEXIS-CLAUDE) - STATING THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVE MOTION.‎

‎Sur quelques Principes qui donnent la Solution d'un grand nombre de Problèmes de Dynamique.‎

‎Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1745. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1742"". Titlepage to Année 1742/1745. - 52 pp. (pp. 1-52) and 5 folded engraved plates. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper on the relative movement and the dynamics of a body in motion. It is Clairaut's main contribution to mechanics.The principle of ""Galilean invariace"" ""was stated most clearly by Cairaut in a paper published in 1745 (the paper offered)"" in effect, it is the modern principle of relative motion, according to which a body seen from a non-inertial frame experiences an ""apparent force"" per unit mass equal to the negative ofthe acceleration of that frame relative to inertial frame.""(Truesdell ""Essays in the History of Mechanics"", p. 131)‎

Référence libraire : 46580