‎Chemistry‎

‎"BRODIE, B.C. - THE ATOMIC DEBATE IN CHEMISTRY. - ""BOOLEAN CHEMISTRY""‎

‎The Calculus of Chemical Operations"" being a Method for the Investigation, by means of Symbols, of the Laws of the Distribution of Weight in Chemical Change. Received April 25, Read May 3, 1866. Part I-II. (I. On the Construction of Chemical Symbols. ...‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866 a. 1877. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 156 - Part II a. vol. 167 - Part I. Pp. 781-859 a. pp. 35-116. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of both papers, controversial as Brodie here tries to established a new chemical philosophy, refusing atomism and founding the calculation of chemical processes on Boolean Algebra, defining chemical symbols with mathematical terms and notations. The work is a remarkable attempt to set chemistry on a rational deductive basis. - The introduction in the second paper meets the main points raised by his critics.""In 1866 the Royal Society began to publish Brodie’s ""The Calculus of Chemical Operations"" (Philosophical Transactions, 156 [1866], 781-859"" 167 [1877], 35-116) which introduced Greek symbols for the chemical elements to replace the roman alphabet (Berzelian) symbols that contemporary chemists used to represent atomic weights. Brodie’s symbols, however, represented operations on space (volumes), not weights for, besides its revolutionary symbolism, the calculus also demanded an appreciation of George Boole’s algebraic logic, which Brodie had studied after the publication of Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought in 1854. In this an equation such as y = xy is a symbolic statement that y is a subset of x in which the symbol x is an operator on y. Although professional mathematicians like William Donkin and Henry Smith later advised Brodie, it appears that he developed the system without professional help. The principal difficulty about the calculus for the present-day historian and philosopher of science is the need to explain it before going on to discuss it and the difficulty of giving any concise description of it. Boole had developed the concept of symbolic operators in algebraic analysis. These provided a code as to how the symbols were to be understood and manipulated. Brodie exploited this in the idea of a chemical operator, or chemical operations, that he symbolized by Greek letters. It is probably unwise, therefore, to interpret Brodie’s philosophy as analogous to Percy Bridgman’s later operationism. He proposed that if two substances with the empirically-derived weights, x and y combined to form a new compound with weight xy, then x + y = xy. From such weight equations he constructed a symbolic algebra that bypassed any atomistic interpretation.""(William H. Brock in ""Hyle Biography"").‎

Bookseller reference : 43745

‎"PELIGOT, EUGENE- ISOLATION OF URANIUM.‎

‎Recherches sur L'Uranium.‎

‎(Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1842). No wrappers, as extracted from: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago et al."", Troisieme Ser., tome 5, pp. 5-46. With halftitle to volume 5.‎

‎Peligot, professor of applied chemistry in the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, was the first to isolate Uranium in 1841. The paper offered is his long account of the process and the history of the chemistry of Uranium. The process of isolation was first recorded in 1841 in ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"".He ""showed that what was regarded as metallic uranium was the dioxide UO2, and first prepared the metal. He treated Uranium oxychloride mixed withcarbon in a stream of chlorine, when carbon dioxide and monoxide were evolved and uranium tetrachloride was formed. This ws reduced to the metal by heating it with potassium.""(Partington IV, p. 362).‎

Bookseller reference : 43818

‎"BALARD, ANTOINE JÉROME. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT BROMINE‎

‎Mémoire sur une Substance particulière contenue dans l'eau de la mer (le brôme).‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1826). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, par Gay-Lussac et Arago"", tome 32, Sec. Series, Cahier 4. Pp. 337-443 a. 1 fodled engraved plate. (The entire issue offerd). Balard's paper: pp. 337-84.‎

‎First printing of Balard's famous memoire in which he records his discovery of the new element Bromine (le brôme). While he was studying the flora of a salt marsh, he notized a deposit of sodium saulfate which had crystallized out in a pan containing mother liquer from common salts. ""In an attempt to find a use for the waste liquers he performed a number of experiments, and notized that when certain reagents were added, the mother liquer bacame brown. His investigation of this phenomenon,...ked to the remarkable discovery....(Weeks p. 264).""The discovery of a new chemical element by a young and obscure provincial pharmacist caused a sensation in Paris. Balard's achievemnt was recognized by the Academie des Sciences and he was awarded a medal by the Royal Society of London.""(DSB I, p. 416).""The discovery of bromine is a very importent acquisition to chemistry, and gives M. Balrad honorable rank inthe career of the sciences. We are of the opinion that this young chemist is every way worthy of the encouragement of the Academy, and we have the honour to propose that his memoir shall be printed in the ""Recueil des Savants Étrangers"" (The report from the French Academy, signed by Vaugelin, Thenard, and Gay-Lussac).‎

Bookseller reference : 43853

‎"PELLETIER, PIERRE et JOSEPH CAVENTOU. - THE DISCOVERY OF STRYCHNINE.‎

‎Note sur un nouvel Alcali (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 10 août 1818. (+) Mémoire Sur un nouvel Alcali végétal (la Strychine) trouvé dans la fève de Saint-Ignace, la noix vomique, etc. (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 14 décembre 1818).‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1818,1819). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 8 (Cahier 3) a. 10 ( Cahier 2), pp. 225-336 and pp. 129-240. (Entire issues offered). Pelletier & Caventou's papers: pp. 323-324 (tome 8) and pp. 142-176 (tome 10). A few scattered brownspots.‎

‎First printing of these classic papers in chemistry in which the authors announced their discovery of Strychnine. This was the first alkali of vegetable origin to be discovered after morphine. This discovery (and their discovery of chlorophyll) brought them international fame. The first small paper contains the announcement of the discovery and the second long memoir contains the elaborate exposition of the discovery.""Strychnine was only the second alkaloid to be extracted, the first was morphine. Pelletier and Caventou wanted to name their new alkaloid vauqueline after Nicolas Vauquelin, one of their associates who had refined the technique of ether extraction for use in isolating alkaloids. However, the officers of the Académe des Sciences in Paris rejected the idea on the grounds that a respected scientist’s name should not be paired with a deadly poison. In addition to strychnine the pair isolated other important compounds from plants including caffeine, chlorophyll and the anti-malaria drug quinine. (Paul L. Burnham).Parkinson:""Breakthroughs"", 1818 C. - Garrison & Morton: 1846.The first issue also contains their importent memoir ""Examen chimique de la Cochenillee et de sa matière colorante"", pp. 250-287 which describes how they obtained crotonic acid from croton oil and analyzed carmine in the cochineal.‎

Bookseller reference : 43871

‎"BERZELIUS, J. (JÖNS JACOB). - TABLE OF ATOMIC WEIGHTS‎

‎Des Changemens dans la système de Minéralogie chimique, qui doivent nécessairement résulter de la proprieté qur possèdent les corps isomorphes, de se remplacer mutuellement en proportions indéfinies.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1826). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 31, Cahier 1. Halftitle to vol. 31.Pp.5-112 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (The entire issue offered). Berzeliu's paper: pp. 5-36.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper in chemistry. In this paper Berzelius drew up the table of atomic weights of the elements, which, with only a few exceptions are similar to those used today. He symbolizes the elements by the first or two letters of the Latin name of the element, and he symbolizes compounds by stting the element symbols together together with the number of atoms involved when grater that one. This is the importent revison of his system announced in 1818.""In 1819 Mitscherlich showed that similarity in chemical structure is accompanied by identity of crystalline form (Mitscherlich's law of isomorphism). berzelius realized at once that Mitscherlich's findins called for importent changes in his own system. he accordingly published a new table of atomic weights in 1826 (the paper offered).""(Taton ""Science in the 19th Century"", p. 279). - Holmberg, Bibliografi öfver Berzelius, nr. 29.‎

Bookseller reference : 44084

‎"GILBERT, L.W.‎

‎Historisch-kritische Untersuchung über die festen Mischungs-Verhältnisse in den chemischen Verbindungen, und über die Gesetze, welche man in ihnen in den neuesten Zeiten entdeckt hat.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1812. Without wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie. Hrsg. Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 39, Zwölftes Stück. Pp. 361-486. (The entire issue offered). Gilbert's paper: pp. 361-428.‎

Bookseller reference : 44086

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY - FOUNDATION OF ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY - FIRST GERMAN EDITION.‎

‎Ueber die chemischen Wirkungen der Electricität. (Vorgelesen in der königl. Societät zu London, als Bakerian Lecture am 20sten Novemb. 1806). Frei übersetzt von Gilbert. 2 Theile.‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1808). Without wrappers as published in ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 28, Erstes u. Zweites Stück. Pp. 1-160 a. 1 folded engraved map. + pp. 161-256 a. 1 engraved plate.The entire issues offered. Davy's paper: pp. 1-43. a. pp. 161-202.‎

‎First German edition of ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT CONTRIBUTIONS EVER MADE TO CHEMICAL SCIENCE, as Davy here outlined a theory of mass action, forcast the use of electricity in atomic disintegration and announced the isolation by electrolytic methods of two new elements, sodium and potassium. He used the most powerful electric battery of the time, a voltaic pile, invented 1800 by Volta.""Humphrey Davy...was among the first to investigate the decomposition of water. In 1806 he delivered a Bakerian Lecture (the paper offered here in the German version) before the Royal Society of London ""On some chemical agencies of electricity"" (1807), which pointed out several fallacies in the theory of electrolysis. Davy's experiments on the chemical effects of electrical currents on substances, causing their decomposition, led to his discovery of several new elements: potassium (1807), sodium (1807), barium (1808), calcium (1808), and boron (1808)"" (Milestone of Science No. 52) - Davy's first Bakerian Lecture won a Prize from Napoleon, even though France and England were at War. - Partington vol. IV pp. 42 ff. - PMM No 255 (note). - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1807 C.The issue contains also Heron de Villefosse: ""Nivellement des Harzgebirges mit dem Barometer"", pp. 49-114 a. 1 engraved folded map.Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian Lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity ""one of the best memoirs which has ever enriched the theory of chemistry."" This paper was central to any chemical affinity theory in the first half of the nineteenth century.‎

Bookseller reference : 44096

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY. - FOUNDATION OF ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY - FIRST GERMAN EDITION.‎

‎Ueber einige neue Erscheinungen chemischer Veränderungen, welche durch die Elektricität bewirkt werden" insbesondere über die Zersetzung der feuerbeständigen Alkalien, die Darstellung der neuen Körper, welche ihre Basen ausmachen, un die Natur der Alk...‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1809). Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 31, Zweites Stück. Pp. 113-224 a. 1 engraved plate.(The entire issue offered). Davy's paper: pp. 113-177.‎

‎First German edition of this landmark paper in chemistry, in which Davy shows that electricity is capable of decomposing the most stable chemical combinations. He decomposes some alkalies, isolating two new substances and discovering potassium and sodium. Neville in his Historical Chemical Library vol. I, p.340, writes about this paper ""ONE OF THE GREAT CLASSIC RESEARCHES IN CHEMISTRY, in which Davy announced in this, his second Bakterian lecture, the isloation of metallic potassium and sodium by the electrolytic decomposition of their fused oxides.""""He (Davy) began his own electrical experiments...The results were spectacular. On October 6, 1807, the current passing through molten potash liberated a metal, which Davy called potassium. The little globules of shining metal tore the water molecule apart as it eagerly recombined with oxygen and the liberated hydrogen burst into lavender flame. Davy danced about in a delirium of joy. A week later he isolated sodium from soda.""(Asimow). The paper offered here describes these discoveries.""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lecture to the Royal Society on November 20, 1806.(A Source Book in Chemistry p. 243). - Wheeler Gift: 2514.‎

Bookseller reference : 44098

‎"SCHEELE, (CARL WILHELM).‎

‎Ueber das wesentliche Galläpfelsalz.‎

‎(Helmstädt und Leipzig, J.G. Müllerschen Budhhandlung, 1787). Small 8vo. Orig. printed blue wrappers. In: ""Chemische Annalen...von Lorenz Crell"", 17867:1. Bd., 1. Stück. The whole issue Pp. 1-96 pp. Scheele's paper: pp. 3-7.‎

‎First appearance of Scheele's last paper.The issue contains also a long paper by Richard Kirwan ""Versuche mit hepatischer (schwefelartiger) Luft. Pp. 26-46.‎

Bookseller reference : 44102

‎"DAGUERRE, LOUIS J.M. - EARLY PHOTOGRAPHY.‎

‎Nouveau moyen de préparer la Couche sensible des Plaques destinées a Recevoir les Images photographiques. (Lettré à M. Arago).‎

‎Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1844. Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3. Series - Tome 11, Cahier Juin 1844. Titlepage to vol. 11. Pp. 129-256. (The entire issue offered).. Daguerre's paper: pp. 188-196.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper in the history of photography in which Daguerre, the inventor of photography, announces his recent invention to photography. This paper was later the in same year published in English ""On a new Mode of preparing the plates destined to receive photographic Images."".‎

Bookseller reference : 44132

‎ANONYM.‎

‎En artig og nyttig Konstebog, hvorudi mange smukke Konst-Stykker forefindes. Først af Italiensk paa Tydsk, og siden paa Dansk oversat og formeret med adskillige skiønne Konster, som ej tilforn i disse Lande ere hørte.‎

‎Haderslev, 1810. Ubeskåret og uopskåret, som udkommet uden omslag. 20 pp.‎

Bookseller reference : 44163

‎"HATCHETT, CHARLES.‎

‎On an artificial Substance which possesses the principal characteristic Properties of Tannin. Read April 25, 1805.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1805). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1805 - Part II. Pp. 211-224.‎

‎First printing of Hatchett's well known paper in which he describes the preparation of an artificial tanning agent, containing importent observations on resins.‎

Bookseller reference : 44171

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY.‎

‎An Account of some new Experiments on the fluoric Compounds" with some Observations on other Objects of Chemical Inquiry. Read February 13, 1814. (+) Some Experiments and Observations on a new Substance which becomes a violet coloured Gas by heat. Rea...‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part I. Pp. 62-73 a. pp. 74-93.‎

‎First appearance of two importent papers i chemical analysis.. The first contains accounts of the 'combining proportion' of fluorine and the efforts to isolate the radical he called fluorine after a suggestion by Ampere. ""It also contains experiments and remarks on the elementary nature of chlorine, and Davy used Gay-Lussac's law of volumes in correcting the experimentaælresults.""(Partington IV, pp. 58 ff).""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures."" Another notable paper comes together with avy's papers: THOMAS BRANDE ""The Bakerian Lecture: on some new Electro-chemical Phenomena. Read November 25, 1813."" Pp. 51-61 a. 1 engraved plate showing the experimental apparatus used.‎

Bookseller reference : 44175

‎"COUPER, A. - S.(ARCHIBALD SCOTT). - INTRODUCING A NEW ERA IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Sur une nouvelle Théorie cimique.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1858. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 53. 512 pp. a. 2 folded engarved plates.(The entire volume offered). Couper's paper: pp. 469-489. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in organic chemistry - a shorter note was published in Comptes Rendus in June 1858 - in which, independently of Kekulé, Couper introduces the CONCEPT OF BONDS (represented as a dash or a dotted line) in chemistry and also observes the very importent fact, that carbon atoms forms the backbone of organic compounds.""It was not till 1858 that a satisfactory theory of molecular constitution was advanced, simultaneously and endependently, by thwo young chemists, Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. The theory of molecular constitution put foreward....by Couper and Kekulé rested on two main postulates, the quadriivalency of carbon,....and the capacity of the carbon atom for mutual linking or combining together to form a carbon ""chain"". By this hypothesis of the mutual linking together of carbon atoms - which waslater confirmed by experiment - it was possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing a large number of carbon atoms. On the foundation of their postulates two postulates, moreover, (they) showed how the molecular constitution or mutual linking together of the atoms of a compound could be represented diagrammatically and the relstions between different compounds made readily intelligible. In his classic paper ""On a New Chemical Theory"" (the paper offered here in its first appearance) advanced beyond Kekulé by representing the constitutions of the compounds by means of GRAPHIC FORMULA in which, as at the present day, the valencies pf the atoms are represented by lines....his formulae are similar to those at present in use...""(Findlay pp. 34 ff)""The theory of Kekulé and Couper gave the chemists the maeans of solving the problems of chemical constitution"" and by means of the graphic or constitutional formulae it became possible to represent the molecular constitution of known compounds and to foresee the possible existence of isomeric compounds.""(Findlay).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1858 C.The volume contains another importent, monumental memoir MARCELLIN BERTHELOT ""Sur la Synthèse des Carbures D'Hydrogene"", pp. 69-208. Here he prsents his review of his work in organic chemistry during the previous ten years. ""In his conclusion Berthelot argued that chemistry differed from a descriptive science such as natural history by being creative and that in this it resembled the mathematical sciences.""(DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 44228

‎"CAILLETET, M.L. - THE PROCESS OF LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN AND OTHER GASES INVENTED.‎

‎Recherches sur la Liquèfaction des Gaz.‎

‎(Paris, G. Masson, 1878). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 15, Cahier Septembre 1878. Pp. 5-144. (Entire issue offered). Cailletet's paper: pp. 132-144, textillustrations of apparatus used.‎

‎First appearance of a milestonepaper in chemistry in which Cailletet describes his invention of the liquedifaction-process of oxygen and 5 other gases - and a classic in Low-Temperature Chemistry.""Cailletet is most famous for his investigations on the compression and liquefaction of gases. At the time there were still six gases that were considered permanen: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, nitrogen dioxyde, acrbon monooxide, and acetylene. Liquefaction had not been achieved despite the use of what were considered ernomous pressures. At the end of 1877 and the beginning of 1878 Callitet liquefied all these gases shortly before Raoul Pictet, who employed a completely different procedure. Cailletet had, following Andrews, recognized the importence of the critical temperature, above which liquefaction of a gas does not take place. In order to produce the necessary ccoling, he had recourse to expansion, sometimes employing several expansions in a staged process. It was in this manner that he succeeded in liquefying oxygen by beginning with liquid ethylene and passing through the stage of liquid methane.""(DSB III, pp. 11-12). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1877 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 44230

‎"LECOQ de BOISBAUDRAN, PAUL ÈMILE. - THE ELEMENT GALLIUM.‎

‎Sur un nouveau Métal, le Gallium.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1877. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 10. 576 pp. a. 2 folded engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Lecoq de Boisbaudran's paper: pp. 100-141 a. 1 handcoloured engraved plate (showing the two spectral lines of gallium).‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper in chemistry and physics in which the author describes how he found the new element Gallium by analyzing spectral lines which he observed on a Pyrenea blende sample, the emission lines corresponding to the eka-aluminum that was predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 and he subsequently isolated the element by electrolysis. This was the first element discovered by use of the spark spectrum. In his discovery of the new element Boisbaudran was not guided by the predictions of Mendeleev, but only by his own law of spectra.""Boisbaudran ranks with Bunsen, Kirchhoff, and Crookes as one of the founders of the science of spectroscopy.""(Weeks).""Lecoq de Boisbaudran announced his discovery (by spectroscopic analysis) of the new element gallium. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence and had named it eka-aluminium. The discovery was made in the author's private laboratory, in a specimen of zinc blende from the Pierrefitte mine in the Angelès Valley in the Hautes Pyrénées. He describes how on the evening of 27 August 1875 he detected the existence of this new element, which he named ""gallium"" in honor of France (Gallia). The plate shows the two spectral lines of gallium, which are distinct from those of other elements (indium and potassium) in the same region of the spectrum. A month later he ""performed in Wurtz's laboratory in Paris....a series of experiments to prove that gallium...is a true element""(Weeks). he discusses how he eventually isloated small amounts of pure metallic gallium and determined its physical and chemical properties. The paper (the paper offered) first describes gallium compounds (e.g., ammonium gallium alum,, chloride, oxide, and sulphate).""(Roy G. Neville II, p. 29).Partington IV,897. - Weeks p. 215 ff.The volume contains other nptable papers EDMUND BECQUEREL ""Sur l'Observation de la partie infra-rouge du spectre solaire, au moyen des effets de phosphorescence"", pp. 5-12, 8 papers by MARCELLIN BERTHELOT.‎

Bookseller reference : 44235

‎"RAMSAY, WILLIAM and MORRIS W. TRAVERS. - DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT KRYPTON.‎

‎On a new Constituent of Atmospheric Air. Received June 8 - Read June 9, 1898.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1898) No wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London."", Vol.63, Nos. 399-400 (both issues offered).. Pp. 373-480 a. 5 plates. Ransay & Travers' paper: pp. 405-408.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Ramsay and Travers announced their discovery of a new element which they named ""krypton"" (meaning hidden).""Dr. William Hampson presented them (Ransay & Travers) with about a liter of liquid air, which they used, not for liquefying the argon, but for obstaining sufficient skill in manipulation so that they would not risk loosing their precious fifteen liter of argon......The residue left after most of the liquid air had boliled away consisted largly of oxygen and nitrogen, which Ramsay and Travers temoved with red-hot copper and magnesium. ....(they) then examined the twenty-five cibic centimeters of residual gas, and when they found it to be inerst, they immediately placedit in a Pl'ucker tube connected to and induction coil and observed its spectrum. There was a bright yelælow line with a greener tint than that of the helium line and a brilliant green line that did nor coincide with any line of argon, helium, mercury, or hydrogen. They discoverede this gas on 30 May, 1898, and named it 'krypton'....they found that it belonged between bromine and rubidium in the periodic table, and so great was their excitement that the younger chemist almost forgot about his examination for doctor of sciwence which had been schedules for the next day.""(Weeks, p. 267).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1898 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 44238

‎"HOFMANN, A.W. (AUGUST WILHELM von). - THE TRUE NATURE OF AMINES DEMONSTRATED.‎

‎Reseraches into the Molecular Constitution of the Organic Bases. (Second Memoir). Communicated by James Clark. Received March 12, - Read April 3, 1851.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 357-398.‎

‎First appearance of a landmark paper in organic chemistry in which Hofmann demonstrates the true nature of amines.""Wurtz had shown the existence of methyl and ethyl amines and had suggested that that they may be regarded as derivatives of ammonia. Hofmannproved this in adetailled study, in which he showed that all hydrogens of ammonia, and even of the ammonia radical, could be replaced by organic groups to give primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium compounds. In the course of this work, he also cleared up the relation between ammonia and the ammonium radical which had long troubles chemists. The investigation was carried out in 1850, at a time when the type theory was foremost in theminds of organic chemists. It was therefore natural that Hofmann should formulate his nes compounds as representative of the ""ammonia type"". The formulas which he wrote, however scarcely differ from those used today. These clear examples helped Frankland in developing his theory of variable valence.""(Klickstein p. 364). Klickstein's selection is taken form the offered item pp. 392-397.‎

Bookseller reference : 44307

‎VAN'T HOFF, J.H. (HOFF VAN'T).‎

‎Vorlesungen über theoretische und physikalische Chemie. 1.-3. Heft. (1. Die chemische Dynamik. 2. Die chemische Statik. 3. Beziehungen zwischen Eigenschaften und Zusammensetzung).‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1898-1900. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A small stamp on halftitle and first page. XI,252X,148"X,136 pp., textillustrations. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of Van't Hoff's - the founder of stereochemistry - importent ""Vorlesungen"". He was the first to receive the Nobel Prize in chemistry (1901) for his work on chemical solutions.""Chemistry is idepted to van't Hoff for his funamental contributions to the unification of chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and physical measurements. He was instrumental in founding physical chemistry as an independent discipline.""(DSB XIII, p. 580).‎

Bookseller reference : 44325

‎"HOMBERG, (WILHELM, GUILLAUME). - THE FIRST DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Observation sur la quantite exacte des sels volatiles Acides contenus dans les differens esprites acides. (+) Observations sur la quantité D'Acides absorbe's par les Alcalis terreux. (2 Memoirs).‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1702 a. 1703). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences"". Année 1699 a. Année 1700. Pp. 44-51 and 1 textillustration. (depicting his + pp. 64-71.‎

‎First appearance of the 2 papers which represents Homberg's main works. In these papers he shows for the first time how to determine equal weights of substances, that all acids differ only in water content, and that dry acids combines in equal proportions with alkali. In the first paper he also gives the Pygnometer Bottle its modern form.""Probably his most importent work was on the strenght of acids and the quantity required to neutralize a given quantity of alkali (two papers published in 1699 and 1700) - the papers offered - Homberg recognized that different alkalis neutralized the same acid in different proportion but believed that the relative strenghts of two acids could be determined by using the same alkali in each case. he treated the the question of neutralization (or dissolvability, as he called it) in quite quantitative fashion, showing that if an alkaline salt were treated with an acid, the gain of weight ofthe salt wasan indication of the amount of acid absorbed....Homberg nevertheless understood the fundamentals of the process and thereby laid the foundation for an understanding the nature of salts.""(DSB VI, p. 478).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1700 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 44405

‎NERNST, WALTHER.‎

‎Theoretische Chemie vom Standpunkte der Avogadro'schen Regel und der Thermodynamik. Mit 26 Holzschnitten.‎

‎Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1893. Contemp. hcalf. Wear to joints and spine ends. Part of leather at upper compartment gone. XIV,589 pp. a. textillustrations. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of this importent textbook, written from 1891 when he became professor of physical chemistry at Göttingen. The work made full use of the thermodynamic notions of men like Ostwald. In 1906 Nernst announced his discovery, usually referred to as the thid law of thermodynamics. - He received the Nobel Prize in 1920 in chemistry. - Duveen p. 427. - DSB XV, p. 434-35.‎

Bookseller reference : 44471

‎"FONTANA, (FELICE).‎

‎Experiments and Observations on the inflammable Air breathed by various Animals. Read March 11, 1779.‎

‎(London, J. Nichols, 1779). 4to. Extract from ""Philosophical Transactions, of the Royal Society of London."" Vol. 69, Year 1779 - Part II. Pp. 337-361.‎

‎First appearance of the paper by the renowned Italian physiologist, in which Fontana confirmed Scheele's experiment showing that the inflammable air was respirable. In the paper he also discusses the discoveries of Priestly, Cavendish and Scheele.‎

Bookseller reference : 44512

‎"DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE-ANDRE & PIERRE PELLETIER. - TOWARDS A CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.‎

‎Recherches sur la Composition élémentaire et sur quelques propriétes caractéristiques des bases salifiables organiques.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1823). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, par Gay-Lussac et Arago"", tome 24, Sec. Series, Cahier 2. Pp. 163-191. (Entire issue offered pp. 113-223.‎

‎First appearance of Dumas and Pelletier's importent paper in which they analyzed nine alkaloids by combustion and found for the first time the number of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in them. Dumas' name is still associated with the two procedures which he devised here, the determination of vapor density and combustion analysis.""The most important problem with which Dumas was concerned throughout his career was the classification of chemical substances. He sought to devise comprehensive classificatory schemes for organic compounds and for the elements. Dumas’s earliest contribution to organic chemistry was his study of nine alkaloids, published in 1823, jointly with Pierre Pelletier.1 He analyzed the elemental constituents of these organic “bases” and attempted to prove that their relative proportions of oxygen followed Dalton’s law of multiple proportions. He had embraced the ideas of the two reigning theories in contemporary chemistry: dualism, with its division of substances into electronegative (acid) and electropositive (alkaline)"" and atomism, which Dalton had used to explain his law. Dumas spent the next few years attempting to create an adequate system of classification of organic compounds based upon these two theories.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 44741

‎"MARGGRAF, ANDREAS SIGISMUND. - EXAMINING THE ""PHILOSOPHER'S STONE""‎

‎Examen des Parties qui constituent cette Espece de Pierres, qui, après avoir été calcinées par les moyen ds Charbons, acquierent la Propritté de devenir lumineuses, quand on les expose à la Lumiere"" avec L'Exposé de la Composition artificielle des Pie...‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1752). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de L'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"" tome VI (1750), pp.144-162.‎

‎First printing of Marggraf's importent investigation of the so-called ""Bologna-Stone"" in which he found that its base is different from lime, it is heavier and more soluble. In this memoir he anticipated Lavoisier’s conclusions by identifying the constituents of gypsum as water,lime, and vitriolic acid.Bologna stone, any of the dense, silvery white stones first found (1603) on Mount Paderno, near Bologna, by an Italian cobbler-alchemist, Vicenzo Cascariolo, who synthesized from them a luminescent material that glowed at night after being exposed by day to the Sun. Originally thought to be the philosopher’s stone that was believed capable of transmuting base metals into gold, Bologna stone ultimately was shown to be the mineral barite, barium sulfate.‎

Bookseller reference : 44743

‎"DRAPER, JOHN W. - THE ""TITHONIC RAYS"" AS THE FOURTH IMPONDERABLE AGENT.‎

‎On the Decomposition of Carbonic Acid Gas and the Alkaline Carbonates, by the Light of the Sun"" and on the Tithonotype.‎

‎(London, 1843). No wrappers In: ""The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Third Series, September issue 1843. Pp. 161-240 (entire issue offered). Draperspaper: pp. 161-176.‎

‎The paper appeared the same year in ""Proceedings Am. Phil. Soc."" and it is an importent paper on the chemical action of light, the new science of photochemistry in which Draper made pioneering work, showing that it is only certain light rays of a definite wavelenght that is absorped, and it is this absorption that produces the photochemical effect.‎

Bookseller reference : 44759