‎Mathematics‎

‎"TARSKI, ALFRED.‎

‎Pojecie Prawdy w Jezykach Nauk Dedukcyjnych (Polish). [The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages]. - [FOUNDING MODERN LOGICAL SEMANTICS]‎

‎Warszawa, 1933. Small 4to. Orig. printed wrappers, sunned at the edges, but otherwise near mint condition, also internally. An excellent copy. VII, (1), 116, (1, - errata) pp.‎

‎The exceedingly scarce first printing of Tarski's most important and influential work, ""The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages"", which founded modern logical semantics.The work appeared in an extremely small number, in Polish, and many copies of the article have later been destroyed, thus, the work is of the utmost scarcity. In this seminal article the Polish-American logician and mathematician Alfred Tarski devotes himself to ""the definition of truth"". ""Its task is to construct -with reference to a given language- a materially adequate and formally correct definition of the term ""true sentence""."" (Introduction, English translation, 1956). With this work the face of logic was changed forever. The ""Concept of Truth"" constitutes a landmark event in 20th century analytic philosophy, and it ranks as one of the most important contributions to symbolic logic, semantics and philosophy of language. In this work Tarski develops the semantic theory of truth for formal languages and determines the fact that no language can contain its own truth predicate. Tarski thus concluded that the semantic theory could not be applied to any natural language. -This was later used by e.g. Davidson to construct his truth-conditional semantics, and the problems solved by Tarski are some of the same that Russell and Whitehead struggled to solve in their ""Principia Mathematica"".Tarski (1901-1983) has contributed seminally to the fields of mathematics and logic in a number of ways, and together with Frege, Russell and Gödel, he now ranks as one of the most important contributors to the field of modern logic. At the time of Franz Brentano (1838-1917), one of the philosophers of the greatest significance for contemporary philosophy and in many ways a forerunner of present-day empiricism, it was very unusual for a metaphysician to acknowledge that philosophical investigation must go hand in hand with an analysis of language. Linguistic analysis has thus been almost totally limited to the pure empiricists of philosophy, who reject all forms of metaphysics. Meanwhile, ontologists and metaphysicians have been satisfied with the ordinary language and asked no questions about its possible limitations, merely dismissing the logical faults and adding the odd neologisms. Today, however, especially within the English speaking tradition, linguistic analysis has reached a degree unheard of at the time of Brentano, and it is now generally accepted that certain logical and epistemological problems can be solved only by forsaking ordinary language and substituting it for artificially constructed language systems that follow certain principles. Thus, difficulties that appeared within earlier philosophical doctrines are meant to disappear if the theory can be formulated more precisely, and one of the most important examples is the ""adequacy theory of truth"". Tarski shows that the concept of truth of the adequacy theory can be introduced in a perfectly exact way within the formalized language systems that are equipped with precise rules of interpretation, and thus he rids us of the usual misgivings against the concept of truth. And thus he has developed one of the most important theories of modern logic.""Tarski's investigations are of singular philosophical significance for another reason as well. Within the framework of semantics, which he founded and which Carnap later developed further, it becomes possible for the first time to introduce the notion of an analytic judgment (or an analytic statement) in a form that is both sufficiently general and of the utmost precision. This notion also plays an exceptionally important role in Brentano's philosophy, especially in his studies in formal logic."" (Stegmüller, Main Currents... p. 56). When constructing a semantical system, a vocabulary of the desired object language must be determined as the first. Then formulation rules must be specified, before the rules of interpretation are laid down, and finally the rules of application are supplied. The most important rules here are the rules of truth, and the concept of truth is one of the most important semantical concepts at all, for without them no understanding of the sentences within the system would be ensured. And, of course, the truth definitions must satisfy a condition of adequacy. ""...This form of an adequacy condition that must be satisfied by every semantical truth concept goes back to the Polish logician, Stanislaw Lesniewski. But it was the logician Alfred Tarski who above all made use of this notion, and who first studied in detail the possibilities of introducing a formally exact and materially adequate concept of truth into the precise languages of science. Carnap's accounts of semantical systems rest largely on the prior works of Tarski."" (Stegmüller, p. 311). Tarski also pointed out that it is necessary for all semantical concepts, and especially for the concept of truth, to strictly separate object language and metalanguage. Otherwise we would put ourselves in the unlucky position of being able to prove both a statement and its negation at the same time. In the English translation from 1956 of Tarski's works, ""Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics"", the bibliographical information about this article is erroneous.‎

Bookseller reference : 35832

‎"LEUPOLD, JACOB. & ERNST SCHEFFLER.‎

‎Theatrum arithmetico geometricum, das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst, ... [With:] Theatri machinarum supplementum das ist: Zusatz zum Schau-Platz der Machinen und Instrumenten, ... - [THE ART OF CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT]‎

‎Leipzig: Christoph Zunkel and Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf, 1727-1739. Folio. (372x239mm). Two parts in one volume. Contemporary vellum, two cuts in spine, modern slip case. Provenance: Book plates of Arnaud de Vitry and Andras Gedeon. Stamps to half-title and title-page, from Stadtbibliothek Augsburg - sold as duplicate. First part: (14], 200, (4) pp. and 45 plates, numbered I-XLIII (plate III with volvelle). Second part: (12), 100, (94) pp. and 40 plates on 36 sheets, numbered I-XL. All plates intact. An exceptionally fine copy.‎

‎The scarce first edition of the of the eighth and tenth volumes (each volume being a complete work in itself) of Leupold's magnificent ten-volume ""Theatrum Machinarum"" - one of the first encyclopedias of technology, being the most complete and the most extensively illustrated work on mechanical engineering published hitherto. Complete sets of Leupold's Theatrum are virtually never found and Ferguson stated in his bibliography of technology that he had never seen a complete set. Each volume is complete in itself. The eighth volume is of particular interest in the history of computers, as it deals mainly with calculating machines. This volume contains detailed descriptions of the calculating machines of Schott (1668), Grillet (1673), Leibniz (1674), Poleni (1709), and Leupold himself. The tenth volume is a supplement to the series published after Leupold's death by Ernst Scheffler. It deals with odometers, gyrometers, step counters and other devices for the measurement of distances. This volume is furthermore of importance, because it contains the 90 page general index to the entire series. Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, no. 6 (volume 8 only).Honeyman Sale, lot 1997 (volume 7 and 8).Macclesfield Sale, lot 1242 (volume 8 only).Ferguson: Bibliography of the History of Technology, pp.45-46.Wolf: A History of Science, Technology, & Philosophy in the 18th Century, pp.657-8.‎

Bookseller reference : 35955

‎"EULER, LEONHARD - LOGARITHMS OF NEGATIVE NUMBERS.‎

‎De la Controverse entre Mrs. Leibnitz & Bernouilli sur les Logarithmes des Nombres Negatifs e Imaginaires. (Controversy between Mr Leibniz and Mr Bernouilli on the logarithms of negative and imaginary numbers).‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1751). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome V, pp. 139-179.‎

‎First edition of this importent paper on the logarithms of complex numbers, where Euler clarified such functions. He disagreed with Leibniz that a special function was only applicable for positive numbers, and showed that i was applicable for both negative and positive numbers, only with a difference of a constant. When Euler here (the offered item) came out with the correct form for the logarithm, it was not generally accepted. - Enestrom, Euler Bibliography E 168.‎

Bookseller reference : 36103

‎"PEANO, GIUSEPPE.‎

‎Démonstration de l'intégrabilité des équations différentielles ordinaires. - [THE PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE THEOREM - INTRODUCING THE AXIOM OF CHOICE]‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1890. Orig. printed wrappers, no backstrip. A small offsetting to upper left corner of frontwrapper. A small tear to endwrapper repaired. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Gegenwärtig hrsg. von Felix Klein, Walter Dyck, Adolph Mayer, 36. Band, 2. Heft."" Pp. (153-)320. The whole issue (Heft 2) with orig.wrappers. Peano's paper: pp. 182-288.‎

‎First edition and the first appearance of this fundamental paper in which Peano gives the proof of the so-called ""Peano-Existence-Theorem"" and at the same time contains the first explicit statement of ""The axiom of choice"".The Peano-Existence-Theorem, or ""Cauchy-Peano-Theorem"" guarantees the existence of solutions to certain initial value problems. He first published the theorem in 1886 in ""Sull'integrabilita della equazioni differenziali del primo ordine"" in Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 21, with an incorrect proof. The new correct proof appeared in this paper, as offered.""Peano's work in analysis began in 1883 with an article on the integrability of functions. The article of 1890 (the paper offered) contains notions of integrals and areas. Peano wasthe first to show that the first-order differential equation y' = f(x,y) is solvable on the sole assumption that f is continuous. His first proof dates from 1886, but its rigor leaves something to be desired. In 1890 this result was generalized to systems of differential equations using a different method of proof. This work is also notable for containing the first explicit statement of the axiom of choice. Peano rejected the axiom of choice as being outside the ordinary logic used in mathematical proofs."" (Hubert T Kennedy in DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 41242

‎BEHNKE, HEINRICH u. FR. SOMMER.‎

‎Theorie der Analytischen Funktionen einer Komplexen veränderlichen. Dritte Aufl.‎

‎Bln., N.Y., 1965. Orig. cloth. X, 603 pp.‎

Bookseller reference : 4133

‎BLANC-LAPIERE, A. et ROBERT FORTET.‎

‎Theorie des Fonctions Alétoires. Applications a divers Phénomènes de Fluctuation.‎

‎Paris, 1953. Orig. cloth. XVI, 693 pp.‎

Bookseller reference : 4137

‎CONFORTO, FABIO‎

‎Abelsche Funktionen und Algebraische Geometrie. Aus dem nachlass bearbeitet und herausgegeben von W. Gröner, A. Andreotti und M. Rosati.‎

‎Berlin Heidelberg New York, Springer, 1956. 8vo. Original yellow full cloth with the original wrappers. Wrappers with a few tears, otherwise a nice and clean copy. XI, (1), 276 pp.‎

Bookseller reference : 41576

‎"GAUSS, CARL FRIEDRICH & NIELS HENRIK ABEL - ANNOUNCING ""THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST CONSTRAINT"".‎

‎Über ein neues allgemeines Grundgesetz der Mechanik (Gauss) + (Abel:) Précis d'une théorie des fonctions elliptiques + Précis dúne théorie des fonctions elliptiques. (Suite du mémoire 19. cah. dern.). 3 Memoirs.‎

‎(Berlin, G. Reimer, 1829). 4to. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", Bd. 4. - Gauss' paper: pp. 232-35. - Abel's papers: pp. 236-278 and pp. 309-348.‎

‎First printing of probably Gauss' most importent work in physics by presenting his ""Principle of Least Action"" , which states that the motion of a system of points which are influenced both by each other and by outside conditions is such as to maximize the agreement with free motion, given the existent constraint. The work is based on his Potential Theory.""In it (the present paper) Gauss stated that the law of least constraint: the motion of a system departs a little as possible from free motion, where departure, or constraint, is measured by the sum of products of masses times the squares of their deviations from the path of free motion. He presented it merely as a new formulation equivalent to the well-known principle of d'Alembert. This work seems obviously related to the old meditations on least aquares, but Gauss wrote to Olbers on 31 January 1829 thai it was inspired by studies of capillarity and other physical problems."" (Kenneth O. May in DSB).The two papers (first printings) by Abel (book-lenghts memoirs) are his last works - he died 1829 and they were published after his death - on the theory of ""elliptic functions"", the discovery of which he shared with Jacobi. In these papers he mentions also the great discoveries published in his memoir 1826 (Memoire sur une proprieté générale d'un classe très-etendu de fonctions transcendentes), which was not published until 1841.Together with these 3 memoirs is found a paper by Alexander von Humboldt: ""Über die bei verschiedenen Völkern üblichen Systeme von Zahlzeichen und über den Ursprung des Stellenwerthes in den indischen Zahlen"", 1829. Pp. 205-231.‎

Bookseller reference : 41607

‎"HILBERT, DAVID. - WARING'S PROBLEM SOLVED.‎

‎Beweis für die Darstellbarkeit der ganzen Zahlen durch eine feste Anzahl nter Potenzen (Waringische Problem).‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1909. Orig. printed wrappers. No backstrip. In. ""Mathematische Annalen. Hrsg. von Felix Klein, Walther v. Dyck, David Hilbert, Otto Rosenthal"", 67. Bd., 3. Heft. Pp. 281-432 (=3. Heft). Hilbert's paper: pp. 281-300.‎

‎First printing of a groundbreaking work in Number Theory. Edward Waring (1734-98) stated, in his ""Meditationes Algebraicae"" (1770), the theorem known now as ""Waring's Theorem"", that every integer is either a cube or the sum of at most nine cubes"" also every integer is either a fourth power of the sum of at most 19 fourth powers. He conjectured also that every positive integer can be expressed as the sum of at most r kth powers, the r depending on k. These theoremes were not proven by him, but by David Hilbert in the paper offered.Hilbert proves that for every integer n, there exists an integer m such that every integer is the sum of m nth powers. This expands upon the hypotheis of Edward Waring that each positive integer is a sum of 9 cubes (n=3, m=9) and of 19 fourth powers (n= 4, m=19).This issue also contains F. Hausdorff's ""Zur Hilbertschen Lösung des Waringschen Problems"", pp. 301-305.(Se Kline p. 609).‎

Bookseller reference : 41656

‎"KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAVE ROBERT - KIRCHHOFF'S HYDRODYNAMICS.‎

‎Ueber die Bewegung eines Rotationskörpers in einer Flüssigkeit. + Ueber die Kräfte. welche zwei unendlich dünne, starre Ringe in einer Flüssigkeit scheinbar auf einander ausüben können. (2 Papers).‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1870. 4to. Without wrappers. In: ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 71. Bd., Heft 3, pp. (2),201-304. Entire issue offered with titlepage. Kirchhoff's papers: pp. 237-262 and pp. 263-273. Light browning to titlepage. A few scattered brownspots to margins.‎

‎First printing of these two importent papers, forming the substance of Kirchhoff's hydrodynamics.Kirchhoff was the first to show how the differential equations as used on rigid bodies, could elegantly be used on ideal fluid bodies, to. (The Kirchhoff-Clebsch equations).The issue contains further R. Lipschitz: Entwicklung einiger Eigenschaften der quadratischen Formen von n Differentialen. 1.-2. Mittheilung. Pp. 274-287 and 288-304.‎

Bookseller reference : 41673

‎"THOMÉ, LUDVIG G.‎

‎13 papers on ""Linearen Differentialgleichungen"" und ""Differentialgleichungen mitt algebraischen Koeffizienten"" etc.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1887-1901. 4to. All 13 offprints from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", Bde. 100-123. Some of the offprints with traces after having been folded.‎

‎All first printing.‎

Bookseller reference : 41691

‎"EULER, LEONHARD - THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION‎

‎Harmonie entre les Principes generaux de repos et de Mouvement de M. de Maupertuis.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1753). 4to. No wrappers, as extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome VII, pp. (167-)198.and 2 folded engraved plates.‎

‎First printing of this memoir in which Euler tries to show that the ""harmony"" between Maupertuis' Law of rest, which he formulated for any system of bodies attracted by forces, is a generalization of his own Principle of least Action.‎

Bookseller reference : 41693

‎"EULER, LEONHARD.‎

‎Solution d'une Question tres difficile dansl le Calcul des Probabilités.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1771). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"". tome XXV, pp. 285-302. Fine and clean.‎

‎First printing of one of Euler's papers in probabilistic analysis, dealing with an analysis of a lottery for which there are several classes and a guarateed payment.The Genoise lottery was the first number lottery. It and its variants were discussed by many mathematicians because such lotteries were perceived to be unfair and because they gave rise to many interesting problems. Usually it took the form of choosing 5 from 100 with various payoffs depending upon the wager made. - Enestroem E 412.‎

Bookseller reference : 41875

‎"PLÜCKER, JULIUS.‎

‎Über ein neues Princip der Geometrie und den Gebrauch allgemeiner Symbole und unbestimmter Ciëfficienten‎

‎(Berlin, G. Reimer, 1830). 4to. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", Bd. 5. - Plücker's paper pp. 268-286.‎

‎First appearance of a paper which relates to Plücker's ""New Geometry"".‎

Bookseller reference : 41886

‎"EUCLID (EUKLID) OF ALEXANDRIA. - FIRST DANISH EDITION OF ""EUCLID"".‎

‎Euclidis Elementa Geometriæ, Det er, Første Grund Til Geometrien, I det Danske Sprog oversat af Ernst Gotlieb Ziegenbalg.‎

‎Kjøbenhavn, Ernst Henrik Berling, 1744. 4to. Samt. hldrbd. over træ. Ryg lidt slidt Overtrækspapiret på permer med mangler.(12),20,311 pp. samt 5 foldede kobberstukne plancher, i teksten talrige geometriske figurer. De første blade og de 5 plancher med en svag vandskjold. Svag skjold på de sidste ca 20 blade. En del blade med brunplet i øvre margin.4to. Contemporary half calf over wooden boards. Spine a bit worn and lacing some of the paper over boards. Faint damp stain to first leaves, to plates, and to the last ab. 20 leaves. Some leaves with a brown spot to upper margin. (12), 20, 311 pp + 5 folded engraved plates. Numerous geometrical figures in the text.‎

‎Første udgave på dansk af Euclids ""Elementer"", omfattende Bog 1-6 og 11-12. J.F. Ramus have allerede nogle år tidligere udgivet Euclid, men disse var mindre lærebøger i uddrag og på latin. Oversættelsen indeholder en lang introduktion af Ramus ""Betænkning om Euclidis Elementer og om deres Oversættelse i det Danske Sprog.""Ziegenbalg var teologisk kandidat, men havde studeret matematik i flere år, både i Jena og i England. Han blev udnævnt til professor i matematik ved Københavns Universitet efter Ramus, og havde i nogle år forinden fungeret som dennes assistent. Hans oversættelse er dedikeret Christian den VI, og i forordet introducerer han den således ""offereres (oversættelsen) Deres Kongelige Majestæt...disse udi det Danske Sprog oversatte Elementa Geometriæ, som ere Hoved=Kilden til alle Mathematiske Videnskaber og have nu i 2000 Aar været i saa stor Estime, at alle de største og erfarne Mathematici have grundet deres Skrifter paa dem og at de til almindelig Nytte og Brug ere bekientgiorte næsten udi alle Europæiske, men ey tilforn i dette Sprog.""First edition of the first Euclid-translation into Danish, comprising Book 1-6 and 11-12. Bound in cont. hcalf. Rebacked in old style. A good copy. - Riccardi, Bibl. Euclideana, Parte 4, p. 47. - Bibl. Danica IV:96.‎

Bookseller reference : 41890

‎"POINCARÉ, HENRI.‎

‎Sur les Groupes des Equations linèaires.‎

‎(Stockholm, F.& G. Beier), 1885. 4to. Orig. printed wrappers (to Acta Mathematica 4:3). Extracted from ""Acta Mathematica"", Vol. 4. Pp. 201-312. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a major paper on differential equations of the first order""...the whole theory of automorphic functions was from the start guided by the idea of integrating linear differential equations with algebraic coefficients. Poincaré simultaneously investigated the local problem of linear differential equation in the neighborhood of an ""irregular"" singular point, showing for the first time how asymptotic developments could be obtained for the integrals. A little later (1884, the paper offered) he took up the question, also started by I.L. Fuchs, of the determination of all differential equations of the first order (in the complex domain) algebraic in y and y' and having fixed singular points"" his rechearches was to be extended by Picard for equations of the second order, and to lead to the spectacular results of Painlevé and his school at the beginning of the tweentieth century.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 41900

‎"MINKOWSKI, HERMANN. - THE MINKOWSKI PROBLEM.‎

‎Volumen und Oberfläche.‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1903. Orig. printed wrappers. No backstrip. In: ""Mathematische Annalen begründet durch Georg Clebsch und Carl Neumann"", 57. Bd., 4. Heft. The whole issue offered (=4.heft). Pp. 425-572. Minkowski's paper: pp. 447-495.‎

‎First appearance of the formulation of the Minkowski Problem.The Minkowski problem deals with existence, uniqueness, regularity, and stability of closed convex hypersurfaces whose Gauss curvature (as a function of the outer normals) is preassigned. Major contributions to this problem were made by Minkowski in the offered paper.‎

Bookseller reference : 41974

‎APPOLLONIUS - (CARL JOHAN DANIELSSON HILL).‎

‎Försök til en Theoretisk och Practisk Lära om Apollonii Parabel.‎

‎Lund, 1832. Samtidigt hldrbd. Rig rygforgyldning, men ryg slidt og lang revne i forreste fals. Kobberstukket titelblad med vignet, som viser kanonskuddets parabel. VIII,228 pp. 3 kobberstukne plancher, den ene adskilt i to. Gennemstukket med hvide blade, hvorpå talrige tilføjelser i gl. hånd, ligeledes en del løst indlagte blade med formler og beregninger. Tekstblade rene.‎

‎Hill var professor i matematik og rektor ved Lunds Universitet.‎

Bookseller reference : 41992

‎"BOOLE, GEORGE.‎

‎On the Theory of Probabilities. Received June 19, - Read June 19, 1862.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1862. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1862. Vol. 152 - Part I. Pp. 225-252. Clean and fine, wide-margined..‎

‎First appearance of one of Boole's last papers. - ""This paper has for its object the investigation of the general analytical condition of a Method for the solution of Questions in the Theory of Probabilities, which was proposed by me in a work entitled ""An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, 1854."" (Foreword to the paper).George Boole is mostly known for his ""An Investigation on the Laws of Thought"" 1854 and his developments of a form of symbolic logic, called Boolean Algebra. But he also did importent work on the Calculus, Differential Equations and the Theory of probabilities.‎

Bookseller reference : 42126

‎"BABBAGE, C. (CHARLES). - CREATING A NEW BRANCH OF MATHEMATICS.‎

‎An Essay towards the calculus of functions. Communicated by W.H. Wollaston. Read June 15, 1815. (+) An essay towards the calculus of functions. Part II. Communicated by W.H.Wollaston. Read March 14, 1816. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815 and 1816). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part I. and 1816 - Part II. Having both titlepages to the parts. Pp. (2),389-446 and (2),179-256. First titlepage with a stamp on verso. Otherwise fine and clean.‎

‎First printings of Babbage's main mathematical contributions.""Babbage's major Contribution to mathematics was his calculus of functions, which he became interested in as early as 1809 and continued to develop during his years at Cambridge. Babbage presents his major ideas on the subject in the above two papers, published in the ""Philosophical Transactions"" in 1815 and 1816. ""It can be said with some assurance that no mathematician prior to Babbage had treated the calculus of functions in such systematic way...Babbage must be given full credit as the inventor of a distinct and importent branch of mathematics"" (Dubbey 1978, 90). Elsewhere Dubby states that his new scheme would serve as a generalized calculus to include all problems capable of analytical formulation, and it is possible to see here a hint of the inspiration for his concept of THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE. While the work on the engines and his other scientific, social and political activities caused him virtually to abandon mathematical research at the age of thirty, the calculus of functions was the area he often yearned to continue. In fact the calculus of functions was not taken up by other workers, and it is the aspect of Babbage's mathematical work that modern mathematicians find most fascinating (Dubbey 1989, 18-19)."" (Hook a. Norman No. 19).Charles Babbage, William Herschel and George Peacock founded in 1810 in Cambridge the ""Analytical Society"", at Trinity College in order to reform the notation and the teaching of mathematics in England, introducing Leibniz' differential notation instead of Newton's fluxions. The continental texts and papers then became accessible to English students.‎

Bookseller reference : 42184

‎TARSKI, ALFRED and BJARNI JÓNSSON.‎

‎Direct Decompositions of Finite Algrebraic Systems.[Notre Dame Mathematical Lectures. Number 5]. - [THE STARTING POINT OF JÓNSSON-TARSKI ALGEBRAS]‎

‎(Michigan), 1947. 8vo. Ogiginal printed wrappers, black cloth back-strip. A nice and clean copy of this lithoprinted publication. (6), 64 pp. + 2 leaves of maschine-written (probably mimeographed) corrections laid in loose.‎

‎First printing of Tarski and Jónsson's important first joint publication, which constitutes the starting point of the influential Jónsson-Tarski algebras and the Jónsson-Tarski duality. The important Icelandic mathematician and logician Bjarni Jónsson (born 1920) received his PhD the year before the present publication at the University of Berkely, under the supervision of Alfred Tarski, the great Polish-American who has contributed seminally to the fields of mathematics and logic in a number of ways, and who together with Frege, Russell and Gödel now ranks as the most important contributor to the field of logic. He is thus considered one of the four greatest logicians of all times.‎

Bookseller reference : 42323

‎OSGOOD, WILLIAM FOGG.‎

‎Functions of a Complex Variable.‎

‎N.Y., G.E. Stechert & Co., 1942. Orig. full cloth. VIII,257 pp.‎

Bookseller reference : 42356

‎DETTMAN, JOHN W.‎

‎Applied Complex Variables.‎

‎N.Y., Dover Publ., (1965). Orig. wrappers. 481 pp.‎

Bookseller reference : 42360

‎BOURBAKI, N.‎

‎Éléments deMathématique. XV + XVIII + XIX. Livre V: Espaces Vectoriels Topologiques Chapitre I-V + (Fascicule de Résultats). 3 vols.‎

‎Paris, Hermann & Cie, 1953-55. Bound in one contemp. full cloth. 123,(10)(2),19139 pp., tables and 1 plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition. Actualités Scientifiques et Industrielle 1189, 1229 and 1230.‎

Bookseller reference : 42438

‎"PEARSON, KARL. - ESTABLISHING MODERN MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS AND BIOMETRICS.‎

‎Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution. (I-) VI. (I. Contributions to...Received October 18, - Read November 18, 1893. - II. Skew Variation in Homogenous Material. Received December 19, 1894 - Read January 24, 1895. - III. Regression, H...‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1898, 1899 a. 1899. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 185 - Series A, pp. 71-110, textfigs. a. 5 plates. - Vol. 186 - Series A, pp. 343-414 a. 10 plates. - Vol. 187 - Series A, pp. 253-318 - Vol. 191 - Series A, pp. 229-311 - Vol. 192-Series A, pp. 169-244 a. 2 plates. - Vol. 192, Series A, pp. 257-330. All clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the founding papers of modern mathematical statistics, out of which grew Pearson's creation of Biometrics.""Founder of biometrics, Karl Pearson was one of the principal architects of the modern mathematical statistics. He was a polymath whose interests ranges from astronomy, mechanics, meteorology and physics, to biological sciences in particular, including...eugenics, evolotionary biology,heredity......Largly owing to his interests in evolutionary biology, Person created, almost single-handedly, the modern theory of statistics in his Biometric School at University College London.... In his creation of biometrics, out of which the discipline of mathematical statistics had develoiped by the end of the nineteenth century, Person introduced a new vernacular for statistics (including such termss as the standard deviation, mode, homoscedasticity, heteroscedasticity, kurtosis and the producct-moment correlation coefficient."" (Heyde in Statisticians of the Centuries).In the first paper offered here Person introduced the method of moments as a mean curve fitting assymetrical distributions (""point-binominals"") and he applies the theory to crabs and prawns. This is a general method for determining the values of the parameters of a frequency distribution.In the second paper offered here, Pearson develpoed the general formula to use for subsets of six types of frequency curves, now known as ""Pearson Type Curves"".In his seminal paper ""Regressin, Heredity and Panmixia"", the third papers offered here, Pearson introduced matrix algebra into statistical theory and also introducing 'eta' as a measure for curvilinear relationship, the standard error of an estimate, multiple regression and multiple and partial correlation, and devises the coefficient of variation as a measure of the ratio of a standard deviation to the corresponding mean expressed as a percentage.In the fourth paper he deals with the theory of probable erros and of correlations of errors...In the fifth paper he deals with the theory as involving multiple correlations...stature in biology is shown to be best reconstructed from measurements of long bones.The last paper offered deals with a variety of biological correlations, inheritance of characters etc. etc.G.M. Morant: A Bibliography ofthe Statistical and other writings of Karl Pearson Nos 2, 4, 6, 16, 17 and 20. - Eiasenhart in DSB, pp. 449-453.‎

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