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Report of the Transport of British Prisoners of War to Germany. August-December 1914. Miscellaneous. No. 3 1918

1918Best.-Nr. 65952London: His Majesty's Stationery Office 1918. Wraps. Good. 53 pages. Ex-library. Usual library marking. Chip to front page. Fold marks. Damp stains at fore-edge. Cd. 8984. This was presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of His Majesty. February 1918. Includes statements by various British military personnel. From Wikipedia: The situation of World War I prisoners of war in Germany is an aspect of the conflict little covered by historical research. However the number of soldiers imprisoned reached a little over seven million for all the belligerents of whom around 2400000 were held by Germany. Starting in 1915 the German authorities put in place a system of camps nearly three hundred in all and did not hesitate to resort to denutrition punishments and psychological mobbing; incarceration was also combined with methodical exploitation of the prisoners. However the captivity organized by the German military authorities also contributed to creating exchanges among peoples and led a number of prisoners to reflect on their involvement in the war and relation with their homeland. Soldiers were not the only ones made prisoner during the war; civilian populations were also impacted. Historian Annette Becker has extensively studied this aspect of the war. After the invasion the German Army started by taking hostages first of all the towns' leading citizens. Several invaded countries were affected by civilian deportations: France Belgium Romania Russia etc. 100000 were deported from France and Belgium. From 1914 both male and female civilians aged 14 and over from the occupied zones were forced to work quite often on projects related to the war effort such as the rebuilding of infrastructure destroyed by fighting roads rail tracks etc. In short order the civilians began to be deported to forced labor camps. There they formed the Zivilarbeiter-Bataillone civilian workers' battalions and wore a distinctive mark: a red armband. Becker indicates that their living conditions resembled those of the prisoners - that is they were harsh. The hostages were sent to camps in Prussia or Lithuania and some of them remained prisoners until 1918. Like the military prisoners civilians were subject to exchanges and a bureau for the repatriation of civilian detainees was created at Bern in 1916. At the end of the war civilian prisoners formed an association the Union nationale des prisonniers civils de guerre. His Majesty's Stationery Office paperback

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