465 resultados
1811ref. 684001811. An Important Scottish Divorce Case Trial. Dodson John Reporter. Dalrymple Divorce Cause. A Report of the Judgment Delivered in the Consistorial Court of London On the Sixteenth Day of July 1811 By the Right Honourable Sir William Scott Chancellor of the Diocese In the Cause of Dalrymple the Wife Against Dalrymple the Husband. With an Appendix Containing the Depositions of the Witnesses the Letters of the Parties and Other Papers Exhibited in the Cause. London: Printed for J. Butterworth 1811. vii 96 iv cclxxvi pp. Octavo 8" x 5". Later library cloth lettering piece and small location label to spine. Light soiling light rubbing to extremities hinges cracked front free endpaper partially detached rear free endpaper lacking. Moderate toning to text library stamps and early owner signature to title page brief library annotations to verso. $250. Only edition. An important case in Scottish marriage law. In 1804 John Dalrymple met Johanna Gordon in Edinburgh began a secret relationship with her then left for Malta with the military. Upon returning a few years later he married someone else an act which provoked Ms. Gordon's suit for breach of contract. Catalogue of the Library of the Harvard Law School 1909 II:1056. unknown
1814ref. 712731814. Edinburgh: S.n. 1814. 97 pp. Edinburgh: S.n. 1814. 97 pp. Divorce and the Conflict of Laws Trial. Gordon Mary Margaret Pye Alleyne H. A Report of the Judgment Delivered in the Supreme Consistorial Court of Scotland By the Honourable the Judges of that Court In the Divorce Cause of Mrs. Mary Margaret Gordon Or Pye The Wife Against Lieut. Col. Pye The Husband As Printed in the Appendix of the Lord Advocate's Petition to the Court of Session in Scotland. Edinburgh: S.n. 1814. 97 pp. Quarto 9-1/2" x 7-3/4". Disbound. Light soiling to exterior light rubbing to extremities "11" in early hand to head of title page. Moderate toning to interior faint spotting to a few leaves. $500. Only edition. An interesting case that involved the conflict of English and Scottish divorce law Gordon v. Pye held that a Scottish court did not have the power to dissolve the marriage of two English subjects who married in England and were currently living there. It is one of a group of Scottish cases cited by Story in his discussion of marriage in Commentaries on the Conflict of Laws 1834. No print copies of this report located on OCLC. Library Hub locates a printed copy at the British Library. We located additional printed copies at Harvard Law School and Yale Law School. Catalogue of the Library of the Harvard Law School 1909 II:1086. unknown
1811ref. 683861811. A Notable Study of Tax Indebtedness Trial. Hughes T.B. A Report of the Case of the King Against Bebb and Others. Assignees of Castell and Powell Bankrupts; On an Extent: With Explanatory Notes and an Appendix of Some Cases and Records in Extents Which Have Not Been Before Printed. London: Printed by A. Strahan 1811. iv 244 pp. Half-title lacking. Octavo 8" x 5". Later library cloth red and black calf lettering pieces to spine small shelf label to foot. Light soiling moderate rubbing to extremities corners bumped and lightly worn front hinge cracked front free endpaper lacking. Moderate toning to text faint stains to foot of pp. 176-177 two library inkstamps and embossed stamp to title page annotations to verso. $250. Only edition. Abolished in 1947 a writ of extent was a remedy employed by the crown to recover unpaid taxes from a debtor or bankrupt. This book a combination of treatise and report examines the nature of these writs through a scholarly account with notes and a historical appendix of the important Exchequer case of John Bebb and others assignees of the bankrupt London banking house of Castell and Powell. Bebb and others assignees of Castell and Powell were countersued by the government for the right to assets that would cover payment of bills of exchange drawn by a Newcastle bank against tax-collection funds they were holding on deposit. The drafts had been accepted by the now bankrupt Castell and Powell who had turned them over to the commissioners of excise as collateral for the Newcastle tax deposits payable in thirty days. At issue was the right of the Crown to sue a debtor Castell and Powell of a tax-owing debtor the Newcastle bank. Sweet & Maxwell A Legal Bibliography of the British Commonwealth 2:175. unknown
1810ref. 786311810. Rare Trial Report Notable for its Insights Into Gender and Class in Georgian Society Trial. Lippincott Henry Cann Defendant. Walker Charles Houlden Reporter. A Report of the Trial of Sir H.C. Lippincott Bart. On a Charge of Rape Committed on the Person of Mary Milford Spinster Aged 17 Years; Preferred at the Assizes of General Gaol-Delivery for the City and County of Bristol On the 18th of April 1810 Before Sir Vicary Gibbs Knt. Recorder and Alderman of the Said City. With Prefatory Observations Notes And an Appendix Containing the Information on Which the Presecution was Founded. Second Edition With Emendations. London: Sold by W. Chapple And B. Crosby J. Lansdown And W. Sheppard And All Other Booksellers 1810. xvi 54 pp. Octavo 8-1/4" x 5-1/4". Disbound stab-stitched pamphlet. Moderate toning light foxing to several leaves moderate edgewear to title page faint fold lines to upper-outside corner of text block minor chips and tears to edges of a few leaves. $750. Second final and definitive edition. Milford an inmate in an almshouse accused Lippincott of rape. He was acquitted but Walker his prosecutor claimed he was guilty and wrote this pamphlet ostensibly a report to prove his case in the court of public opinion. Walker claims Lippincott was able to evade justice due to his social position. His account is unusually moralistic and notable for its insights into the nature of gender and class in Georgian society. The first edition was published in Bristol in 1810. It and the second edition are rare. OCLC locates 2 copies in North American law libraries University of Memphis Law Library York University Law Library. Neither edition in the Harvard Law Catalogue or the British Museum Catalogue. unknown
1804ref. 707241804. Philadelphia & New York 1804. Philadelphia & New York 1804. Designed to Display the Corruption of the Irish Nobility Trial. Taylour Thomas Marquess of Headfort 1757-1829 Defendant. A Report of the Trial on an Action for Damages Brought by the Reverend Charles Massy Against the Most Noble the Marquis of Headfort For Criminal Conversation With Plaintiff's Wife: Damages Laid at 40000. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by P. Byrne And for B. Dornin New-York 1804. vii 95 pp. Octavo 8" x 5-1/4". Disbound stab-stitched pamphlet. Light soiling to exterior a few minor tears and chips to edges of a few leaves stitching loose first signature detached. Light browning to text faint dampstaining to foot of text block light foxing to a few leaves. $950. Only American edition. At head of title: Ten Thousand Pounds Damages Summer Assizes Trial at Ennis County of Clare on 27th July 1804 Before the Hon. Baron Smith And a Special Jury. The Marquis of Headfort a member of the Irish House of Commons eloped with the wife of a clergyman who was awarded 10000 damages. The Patrick Byrne and Bernard Dornin were Irish political radicals living in exile. Published shortly after its printing in Ireland this American imprint which was issued in New York and Philadelphia was probably issued to display the corruption of the Irish nobility. Cohen Bibliography of Early American Law 12010. unknown
1824ref. BB056Murder Trial Account of the Murder of the late Mr William Weare . the coroner's inquest the trials of the prisoners and the execution. By George Henry Jones. London 1824. With 3 landscapes 2 folding plates finely lithographed by C J Hullmandel. 8vo iv344pp; half-leather marbled boards spine label "Thurtell's Trial" lightly scuffed very solid and clean throughout. First edition. William Weare was a solicitor of Lyon's Inn and a gambler. His killer was John Thurtell 1794–1824 a sports promoter amateur boxer a former Royal Marine officer and a son of the Mayor of Norwich. Thurtell owed Weare a gambling debt of £300 an immense sum at the time equivalent to £24500 in 20151. Thurtell believed Weare had cheated him of the money. Whatever the truth when Weare demanded payment Thurtell murdered him rather than pay up. He invited Weare to join him and his friends – Joseph Hunt a tavern landlord and William Probert a former convict and alcohol merchant – for a weekend of gambling at Probert's cottage at the site of Oaks Close off Gills Hill Lane subsequently popularly known as Murder Lane23 Radlett. On 24 October 1823 they journeyed from London in Thurtell's horse-drawn gig but Weare was killed in a dark lane just short of their destination. The gruesome and callous events created such public sensation that it attracted numerous ballads and theatre shows at the time along with comment by the essayist Babington Macaulay and the crime used variously in the work of Sir Walter Scott William Hazllitt and Robert Louis Stevenson. After the trial one of the accused was hanged and another Joseph Hunt was transported to Botany Bay Australia. Charles Joseph Hullmandel 1789–1850 studied art and printmaking and is considered amongst the most important figures in the development of British lithography. He developed a method for reproducing gradations in tones and for creating the effect of soft color washes which enabled the reproduction of Romantic landscape paintings of the type made popular by J. M. W. Turner. Hullmandel's essay The Art of Drawing on Stone 1824 was an important handbook of lithography issued the same year as this account of the trial.
1807ref. 708151807. I Am Inclined to Give Credit to Her Assertions": An Irish Magistrate's Defense of an 1807 Rape Victim Manuscript. Trial. Ireland. Account of a Rape. County Carlow Ireland June 25 1807. 11" x 7" 27.9 x 17.8 cm leaf docketed on verso. Single leaf manuscript on paper measuring 11" x 7" 27.9 x 17.8 cm. Unbound as issued with contemporary legal docketing and extensive manuscript annotations by the presiding magistrate to the lower margin of the recto and across sections of the verso. Light horizontal folds from period mailing/filing mild uniform browning and light wear along the edges otherwise remarkably fresh and completely legible throughout. $1500. A powerful and hauntingly detailed original sworn manuscript record detailing an account of sexual violence in rural County Carlow paired with a rare candid commentary by the presiding local magistrate regarding the legal competence and credibility of the female victim. Taken before Gilbert Fitzgerald a prominent local Magistrate of the Peace this manuscript records the direct testimony of Margaret Janson regarding an assault by Myles Barin. The body of the information vividly captures the victim's contemporaneous narrative: "Myles Barin opened his small cloths informant asked him what he was going to do to her he answered he would ride her then extending her legs and endeavouring to force something into her body and struggled with her near an hour." In 19th-century Irish and British common law victims of sexual crime faced formidable legal obstacles often compounding the trauma of the assault itself. Female testimony was frequently met with deep skepticism stringent requirements for physical corroboration and strict adherence to oaths that marginalized uneducated or illiterate witnesses. What elevates this document from a routine legal record to a remarkable artifact of historical criminal justice is Magistrate Fitzgerald's handwritten commentary appended directly to the foot of the document: "I did not swear Informant to this Information as she appeared to be entirely ignorant of the nature of an Oath but the facts are strongly corroborated by other evidence and I am inclined to give credit to her assertions." Fitzgerald's willingness to bypass strict procedural religious swearing while explicitly validating Janson's truthfulness. unknown
1821ref. 718241821. Salem Mass.: Published by T.C. Cushing 1821. Salem Mass.: Published by T.C. Cushing 1821. Trial and Execution of a Teen-Age Arsonist in Salem Massachusetts Trial. Clark Stephen Merrill 1804-1821 Defendant. Account of the Short Life and Ignominious Death of Stephen Merrill Clark Who was Executed at Salem on Thursday the Tenth Day of May 1821 at the Early Age of 16 Years and 9 Months For the Crime of Arson. Salem: Published by T.C. Cushing 1821. 16 pp. Octavo 9-1/4" x 5-3/4". Stab-stitched pamphlet in self-wrappers untrimmed edges. Light browning and faint dampstaining small early bookseller description affixed to verso of title page. $950. Only edition. In 1820 Clark burned down a stable and an adjacent building. There was no loss of life but he was tried for a capital crime found guilty and sentenced to death. The jury recommended commutation to no avail. He was sixteen years of age when he committed the crime seventeen when executed. His case helped to advance a successful movement to reduce the number of capital crimes. By 1852 murder was the only capital offense. OCLC locates 13 copies 3 in law libraries Harvard Social Law Yale. Cohen Bibliography of Early American Law 12137. unknown
1865ref. 711631865. Presented by the Author Then the Governor of Massachusetts To a Prominent Judge and Legal Scholar Trial. Bullock Alexander H. 1816-1882. Green Edward W. d.1866 Defendant. Address of His Excellency Alexander H. Bullock to the Honorable Council on the Occasion of Presenting the Case of Edward W. Green A Convict Under the Sentence of Death for the Crime of Murder in the First Degree. February 27 1866. Boston: Wright & Potter State Printers 1865 i.e. 1866. 29 pp. Octavo 9-1/4" x 5-3/4". Stab-stitched pamphlet in printed wrappers recent repair to lower corner of rear wrapper. Light soiling and a few minor spots light wear to spine ends faint vertical crease through center presentation inscription "J.C. Perkins/ from Gov. Bullock" to head of front wrapper light toning to interior a few spots to title page. $750. Only edition. According to McDade Green the postmaster of Malden Massachusetts was the first person to rob an American bank at gunpoint. He was "a 'secretly drinking man' and had been short on his post office accounts. On December 15 1863 finding the bank manned solely by the seventeen-year-old son of the president he went back for his gun. Entering the bank he shot the youth twice through the head and carried off $5000. in bills. The crime was very quickly traced to him; his confession disclosed where he had hidden the money and he was condemned to die" McDade annotation to 381. Bullock was the governor of Massachusetts. His Address discusses his reasons for signing Green's death warrant. The recipient of this copy was likely Jonathan C. Perkins 1809-1877 a judge and prolific legal scholar. Perkins and Bullock served together in the Massachusetts legislature and on the board of Amherst College. OCLC locates 5 copies in North American law libraries Harvard Library of Congress Ohio State University Worcester Trial Court Library Yale. McDade The Annals of Murder 382. unknown
ref. 0259221732.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
ref. 0364693002.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
ref. 1556817495.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1730ref. 727851730. Carrying on a Criminal Conversation" Trial. Liddell Richard Defendant c.1694-1746. An Account of the Tryal of Richard Lyddel Esq; At His Majesty's Court of Common-Pleas Before the Right Honourable Lord-Chief-Justice Eyre For Carrying on a Criminal Conversation with the Late Lady Abergavenny; On Monday the 16th of February 1729/30. London: Printed for A. Moore 1730. Folio 13" x 8-1/4". 8 pp. Pages 6 and 7 printed in reverse order. Stab-stitched pamphlet in self-wrappers untrimmed. Moderate toning single horizontal fold slight creasing to first signature at spine light wear to fore-edge of second and fourth leaves moderate soiling to verso of final leaf. $650. Early edition one of two from the same year under the same fictitious imprint. Liddell an Irish MP and something of a rake was caught in bed with Lady Abergavenny the wife of a close friend. When the two were found out Lady Abergavenny went into shock and died twenty-six days later. The sensational case drew a great deal of public attention. Despite Liddell's penitence the jury issued a harsh fine of 10000 which ruined him financially. OCLC locates 5 copies 2 in North America University of Illinois University of Minnesota. English Short-Title Catalogue T105385. unknown
1804ref. 684321804. London: Printed for John Ginger 1804. London: Printed for John Ginger 1804. A Famous English Case Involving Abduction and Assault Trial. Gordon Loudoun Harcourt Defendant. An Apology for the Conduct of the Gordons; Containing the Whole of Their Correspondence Conversation &c. With Mrs. Lee: To Which is Annexed An Accurate Account of Their Examination at Bow Street And Their Trial at Oxford. London: Printed for John Ginger 1804. xxxiv 35-143 pp. Octavo 8" x 5". Disbound stab-stitched pamphlet title page mounted and re-hinged. Light soiling to exterior light toning to text "3" in early hand to head of title page. $150. Later edition. This colorful trial for abduction and assault was the result of a misguided love affair. The plaintiff Mrs Lee claimed that she had been abducted by Lonsdale Gordon and his brother the author of this pamphlet. Both were ultimately acquitted. British Museum Catalogue Compact Edition 10:951. unknown
1832ref. 8608London Printed for the Proprietors and sold by W. Nute 1832. 1832 366 2 p. 5 plates one damaged. List of books recently published by Thomas Kelly. Contemporary half calf spine gilt and marbled boards. The front endpaper has been removed and p.171/172 partly in facsimile. A little rubbed on the edges and corners but still an attractive copy. London Printed for the Proprietors, and sold by W. Nute, hardcover
1815ref. 650051815. London 1815. OCLC locates no copies this imprint. London 1815. OCLC locates no copies this imprint. Fraud In The Yorkshire Coal Fields Trial. Stocks Michael Defendant. An Authentic Report Of The Trial Of Michael Stocks Esq. For Wilful And Corrupt Perjury At The Yorkshire Lent Assizes 1815. Before The Honourable Sir Alexander Thompson Knt. Chief Baron Of His Majesty's Exchequer And A Special Jury. Huddersfield: Sold by the Principal Booksellers in London; And the Booksellers of York Leeds Bradford Huddersfield Halifax Sheffield Wakefield Rochdale Manchester &c. 1815. 116 pp. Octavo 8-1/4" x 5-1/4". Stab-stitched pamphlet bound into nineteenth-century unlettered pebbled cloth. Light rubbing to extremities with light wear to spine ends corners bumped minor spotting to boards. Light toning to text finger smudges and light foxing to a few leaves. A very good copy. $500. First edition second issue with the errata all corrected. Stocks was accused of stealing and selling 10000 tons of coal from mines in Northowram in the West-Riding of Yorkshire he owned in partnership with two other men. Stocks was not convicted. The trial details the contractual history of the partnership such contentious matters as the exact legal boundaries of neighboring mines and coal-pits and the nature of written and verbal agreements. OCLC locates no copies of this imprint. 1 copy located at the Library of Congress. unknown
1808ref. 734641808. Adultery Trial Involving a Wealthy Heiress A Member of Parliament and the Diplomat who Acquired the Elgin Marbles Trial. Ferguson William Robert 1769-1840 Defendant. An Authentic Account of the Proceedings Under a Writ of Enquiry of Damages In an Action in the Court of King's Bench In Which the Right Hon. The Earl of Elgin was Plaintiff And William Ferguson Esq. Defendant For Criminal Conversation with the Plaintiff's Wife: Executed Before the Sheriff of Middlesex And a Special Jury On the 22d of December 1807: Verdict .10000. London: Printed for J. Hatchard 1808. Only edition. Octavo 8-1/2" x 5"; 21.6 x 12.7cm. ii 113 1 pp. Stab-stitched pamphlet edges untrimmed bound in later red pebbled cloth gilt title to spine. Some bubbling to boards. Small bookseller's ticket and bookplate of Geoffrey Briggs to front pastedown. Front hinge cracked after title page but secure. Moderate toning to interior negligible light foxing to a few leaves light soiling to first and final pages. A very good copy. $450. Only edition of a highly public high-society "Criminal Conversation." Mary Hamilton Bruce 1778-1855 Countess of Elgin was the wife of British diplomat Thomas Bruce 7th Earl of Elgin 1766-1841 best known for his acquisition of the sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens the Elgin Marbles. Ferguson also spelled "Fergusson" was a Whig Member of Parliament and an amateur geologist. When the earl discovered his wife's affair with Ferguson he sued him and won 10000 almost 1000000. today. A divorce followed and Ferguson married her on 20 April 1808. Our copy was owned by Sir Geoffrey Briggs 1914-1993 an English lawyer and judge who served as Chief Justice of Hong Kong and Brunei. Accounts of this trial are scarce including ours. OCLC locates 7 copies of this title 3 in law libraries Harvard University of Minnesota Library of Congress. unknown
1679ref. 731571679. A Drunken Night Gone Wrong Trial. Cornwallis Charles 3rd Baron 1655-1698 Defendant. An Impartial Account of the Trial of the Lord Conwallis sic. London: s.n. 1679. ii 12 pp. Folio 11-1/4" x 7-1/4". Stab-stitched pamphlet in recent printed wrappers. Light edgewear and chipping to fore-edge and spine. Light toning to interior occasional light foxing and soiling small tear to bottom-edge of final leaf not affecting text. $250. Only edition. While drunk and disorderly Cornwallis and a friend harassed and threatened a sentry. After failing to ruffle the sentry despite threats ranging from the physical to the sexual their attention turned to some boys passing by. The friend attacked one of them and broke the boy's neck. Cornwallis was tried as an accomplice and acquitted although several jury members voted to convict him of manslaughter. OCLC locates 2 copies of this title in law libraries Harvard Library of Congress. English Short-Title Catalogue R7670. unknown
1917ref. 797951917. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Assn. 1917. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Assn. 1917. The Trial of America's Most Famous Anarchists Trial. Goldman Emma 1869-1940 Defendant. Berkman Alexander 1870-1936 Defendant. Anarchism on Trial: Speeches of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman Before the United States District Court in the City of New York July 1917. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association 1917. 87 9 pp. With 2 portraits of Berkman and Goldman and 9 pp. of publisher advertisements. Pamphlet in printed wrappers bound in recent quarter cloth over plain paper boards typed label to front board endpapers added 8-1/4" x 5-1/2" publisher's advertisement for this title laid in. Light shelfwear cloth starting to separate from rear board at head library bookplate to inner front board. Light toning to interior faint offsetting to front wrapper small clean tear to upper corner of title page which has punch and ink library stamps not affecting text small chips and tears to fore-edge of laid-in sheet. $450. Only edition. Published by Goldman's anarchist magazine Mother Earth this pamphlet documents the trial of anarchist activists Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman who were outspoken opponents of U.S. entry into World War I and called for men to refuse conscription. Both were found guilty of violating the Espionage Act which punished obstruction of the draft or encouragement of disloyalty to the United States. They were sentenced to two years in prison and a $10000 fine. Both were deported to Russia upon their release under the terms of the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act. Titled "The Present Situation in re Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman" the laid-in sheet encourages all "sufficiently interested in free speech and fair play" to circulate Anarchism on Trial and donate funds towards an appeal. unknown
ref. 1570188572.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
2009ref. SONG1570188572Brand: BNA Books Bureau of National Affairs 2009-10-16. First Edition. paperback. Used: Good. 6.25x0.50x9.25. Buy with confidence. Excellent Customer Service & Return policy. Brand: BNA Books, Bureau of National Affairs paperback
1967ref. 201118-MB52California Trial Lawyers Association 1967. Very Good Hardcover 254 pages panel discussions from CTLA Second Annual Convention February 1967. First Edition. Hardcover. Very Good/No Dust Cover. California Trial Lawyers Association Hardcover
1865ref. b20209New York: New York Tribune 1865. First Edition . Disbound. Near Fine. Complete original 8-page newspaper in near fine condition with minor defects. New York Tribune unknown
1818ref. 820231818. The End of Trial by Battle in the United Kingdom Broadside. Trial. Thornton Abraham c.1793-1860 Respondent. Appeal of Murder: The Decision of the Judges in the Case of Ashford ver. Thornton Court of King's Bench April 20th 1818. Nottingham: Shorrock and Son Successors to E. Hodson Printers 1818. 12-1/2" x 7-1/2" broadside mounted to later backing sheet text in two columns separated by rule below headline and woodcut vignette of a landscape. Moderate toning light soiling to edges a few faint creases printer's flaw and clean tear to right column no loss to legibility. Rare. $3000. Ashford v. Thornton dealt with the aftermath of the murder of Mary Ashford in 1817. Abraham Thornton who had seen and been intimate with Ashford the previous night was tried for rape and murder but acquitted of both charges due to a lack of evidence and inconsistencies in the prosecutor's case. Public outcry around his acquittal led to Mary's brother William invoking an "appeal of murder." This uncommon legal practice allowed a retrial of a defendant acquitted for murder but crucially gave the defendant the right to trial by battle. Thornton invoked that right. After extensive proceedings in the Court of King's Bench the court found that he was eligible to do so. Our broadside documents the final hearing in which Ashford declined to battle with Thornton and withdrew his appeal. Thornton was given a pro forma arraignment and released. The case resulted in the abolition of appeals by murder and thus the end of trial by battle. This broadside is rare and appears to be unrecorded. No copies located on OCLC or Library Hub. Not at Harvard or the British Library. unknown
1805ref. 234821805. Trial. Argument of the Hon. William Smith in Giving Judgment on the Case of the Hon. Mr. Justice Johnson. In the Court of Exchequer on the 7th of Feb. 1805. Dublin: M.N. Mahon 1805. 104 pp. Disbound. Internally clean. $75. unknown
