27 099 résultats
1660réf. MAIN024447ICambridge and Charlestown: Mitchell and Shepard. Good see notes. 1660. hardcover. hardcover. 8vo . 240 203pp . PLUS--> The Second Part of the Parable which begins with Chap. I: Of Carnal Security in Virgin Churches Scans available. Leather over thick boards. Significant 2" gouge to leather bottom rear foreedge corner corners through. Edgewear as you would expect. Hubbed spine with title label. Title page notes posthumously produced by Shepard's son and Jonathan Mitchell pastor at Cambridge with no date listed. In a box below it reports a printing in London 1660. Binding is holding together reasonably well but would benefit by some restorative measures. Paper is in quite nice condition but has rippling throughout as is common with books of this era. Have not had any luck to speak researching this though it does appear tp predate other copies by several decades. Calling this very scarce is more than fair. You know that wall at the Bodleian where all the books are chained up This could be on it. . Mitchell and Shepard hardcover
1663réf. 069045Cambridge: Printed by John Field Printer to the University 1663. Very Early Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. 8vo. VERY EARLY EDITION 1663. From the the 1662 revision of The Book of Common Prayer. Griffiths 1663.4. 22 cm. ESTC R40760. Dual columns with red border unpaginated but 188 pp. Title page is red and black. Bound with the Whole Book of Psalms also published by Field in 1663 - it is 106 pp. paginated followed by 12 unpaginated pages. Complete title of second part is: The Whole Book of Psalms Collected into English metre by Thomas Sternhold John Hopkins and others conferred with the Hebrew. CONDITION: At over 350 years old this copy is in absolutely remarkable condition. Rebacked spine and binding are strong and solid. The most significant flaw is a scar present at the bottom right corner of the cover and some erosion at the top right corners yet not unreasonable at its age. Leaves turn effortlessly are delightfully and evenly toned and are in fine reading condition. Pages are completely unmarked except for several previous owner's names written on the title page from the period one dated 1723. Some occasional worm holes throughout yet they do not compromise the integrity of each physical page. A remarkable sacred beautiful copy steeped in reverence. This Book of Common Prayer will be delivered with "adult signature required". Full refund if not satisfied. Printed by John Field, Printer to the University hardcover
1809réf. 347929Oxford: Printed at the Clarendon Press by Dawson Bensley and Cooke printers to the University: and sold by W. Dawson at the Oxford Bible Warehouse Pater-noster-Row London 1809. 1st Edition. Hardcover. Good copy in gilt-blocked full leather. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat bumped and rubbed as with age. All edges gilt. Remains quite well-preserved overall.Provenance: Susanna Eames' copy. H.M.S.O Typography related letter loosely inserted. Physical description: 1 volumes various paging; 16 cm. Subjects: Church of England Book of common prayer. Church of England; Prayers and devotions; Early works to 1800. Church of England Liturgy; Texts; Early works to 1800. Bible Psalms Paraphrases English. Oxford: Printed at the Clarendon Press, by Dawson, Bensley, and Cooke, printers to the University: and sold by W. Dawson, at the hardcover
1855réf. ST19567-044London: Printed by G. E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode 1855. 121 x 78 mm. 5 x 3". 532 leaves. Attractive contemporary dark purple velvet covers edged in brass brass corner pieces upper cover with a central brass "IHC" Christogram smooth spine brass clasp all edges gilt white silk endleaves. Housed in a probably contemporary black pebble-grain morocco case with brass clasp lined with white silk a little wear to case silk a little discolored in places. Front endleaf with a gilt gift inscription: "Presented to Jessie Cooper / from her affectionate Uncle / Alfred John Tubb. / Oct. 29. 1856." Verso of front free endpaper with the book label of Anthony David Estill. Velvet ever so slightly worn miniscule separation at top and bottom of joints a couple of pages with short marginal tears or nipped corners but very close to pristine condition. This is an unusually well-preserved example of a Victorian gift binding little changed since the day it left the bindery. Judging from the charming gilt inscription on the silk endleaf stating that it was a present from an "affectionate uncle" to his niece it seems likely that the book was intended as a gift in honor of the girl's confirmation. The luxurious purple velvet delicate brass fittings and bright gilt edges connote treasure and opulence and it is clear the that the young female recipient--and generations of later owners--took scrupulous care of it over the years. Velvet can be worn down quite easily but here it remains fresh and richly colored having been carefully stored away in its custom-made protective leather case. Printed by G. E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode unknown
1855réf. ST19567-044London: Printed by G. E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode 1855. 121 x 78 mm. 5 x 3". 532 leaves. Attractive contemporary dark purple velvet covers edged in brass brass corner pieces upper cover with a central brass "IHC" Christogram smooth spine brass clasp all edges gilt white silk endleaves. Housed in a probably contemporary black pebble-grain morocco case with brass clasp lined with white silk a little wear to case silk a little discolored in places. Front endleaf with a gilt gift inscription: "Presented to Jessie Cooper / from her affectionate Uncle / Alfred John Tubb. / Oct. 29. 1856." Verso of front free endpaper with the book label of Anthony David Estill. Velvet ever so slightly worn miniscule separation at top and bottom of joints a couple of pages with short marginal tears or nipped corners but very close to pristine condition. This is an unusually well-preserved example of a Victorian gift binding little changed since the day it left the bindery. Judging from the charming gilt inscription on the silk endleaf stating that it was a present from an "affectionate uncle" to his niece it seems likely that the book was intended as a gift in honor of the girl's confirmation. The luxurious purple velvet delicate brass fittings and bright gilt edges connote treasure and opulence and it is clear the that the young female recipient--and generations of later owners--took scrupulous care of it over the years. Velvet can be worn down quite easily but here it remains fresh and richly colored having been carefully stored away in its custom-made protective leather case. Printed by G. E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode unknown books
1920Very Good Persian First Edition of this extremely rare bilingual tractate including Prince Reza Khan's thoughts on Anglo-Persian agreement in1919. Mirza Reza Khan also known as Prince Rezâ Arfa', was a diplomat and poet of the late Qajar period who serviced in Constantinople. During his years of service abroad Reza became acquainted with a number of European political leaders. He was reported to entertain Russian sympathies and was certainly instrumental in negotiating the first Russian government loan to Persia, in 1317 / 1900. Nevertheless, he also appears to have supported the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919. In 1332 / 1914 he served as minister of justice (wazîr-e 'adlîya) in Tehran for about a year. This agreement in 1919 was a provisional agreement made between the British and the Persian governments which, if ratified, would have granted the British a paramount position of control over the financial and military affairs of Iran. From the days when Napoleon conceived the idea of invading India with the help of Alexander I, the Tsar of Russia, Great Britain contemplated with apprehension the invasion of India by Russia via Persia and Afghanistan. Under the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (q.v.), which divided Persia into rival spheres of influence, southern Persia was assigned to Britain while Russia controlled the northern portion. Later, according to the terms of "The Secret Treaties of Constantinople" of 18 March 1915, Constantinople was promised to Russia, and England was allowed to incorporate within her sphere of influence the neutral zone of Persia. (Source: Encyclopedia Iranica). Original wrappers. Slightly chipped on extremities and occasionally foxing on cover. Otherwise a very good copy. Roy. 8vo. (23 x 16 cm). Bilingual in Persian and Ottoman script. [34] p., 7-18 pp. text in Persian, 19-34 pp. translation to Ottoman Turkish, a portrait of Prince Mirza Riza Han with a printed signature and inscription, and facsimile litho page of his manuscript poem in his calligraphy. Turkish chapter is in nashkh, Persian chapter is in taliq script. Lithography. Not in OCLC.; Özege 25155.; TBTK 8061. First Edition. Extremely rare.
1653réf. 1912300005London : Roger Daniel M. DC. LIII; E.C. Printed in the Year M. DC. LVIII 1653. Hardcover. Good. Bound in worn contemporary calf. Front hinge splitting. Rear board nearly detached. Collated: 2 93 2 375 pages. Toning to pages. Ruled in red. Wing B2469. Herbert 641 this copy bound without plates. General title dated 1658. The New Testament has separate title page dated 1653; register is continuous. Provenance: Wentworth Huyshe armorial bookplate. Huyshe 1847-1934 was a noted author historian journalist and actor. He converted to Roman Catholicism and settled in Chipping Campden. Signed by Huyshe in 1874. London : Roger Daniel, M. DC. LIII; E.C., Printed in the Year M. DC. LVIII hardcover
réf. Z1-F-006-01194General Books LLC. Used - Like New. Used - Like New. Book is new and unread but may have minor shelf wear. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. General Books LLC unknown
réf. Z1-C-030-02464Brighton and Hove.England Council. Used - Acceptable. Used - Acceptable. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library with wear and barcode page may have been removed. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. Brighton and Hove.England, Council unknown
réf. Z1-C-031-00348CIO Pub. Used - Good. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library so some stamps and wear but in good overall condition. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. CIO Pub unknown
réf. Z1-C-032-01558Devon Engineering and Planning Department. Used - Good. Worn cover. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library so some stamps and wear but in good overall condition. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. Devon, Engineering and Planning Department unknown
réf. Z1-I-030-02183East Sussex County Council. Used - Good. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library so some stamps and wear but in good overall condition. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. East Sussex County Council unknown
réf. Z1-M-012-00999New Hope International. Used - Good. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library so some stamps and wear but in good overall condition. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. New Hope International unknown
réf. Z1-I-014-00177Health Education Authority. Used - Good. Used - Good. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day.Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre.' Ex-library but has been well cared for. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. Health Education Authority unknown
réf. Z1-I-017-00563The Commission. Used - Good. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library so some stamps and wear but in good overall condition. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. The Commission unknown
1760réf. 54952Cambridge, John Baskerville, 1760. Royal 8vo.(23,5 x 15,7 cm.). Bound in fine red full longgrained morocco. Spine divided in 5 compartments, each richly gilt and with a blindtooled stamp in the middle. Covers with broad gilt borders and blindtooled cornerpieces. Inside gilt borders. Edges of covers also gilt, Edges of leaves gilt. Faint discolouring at upper compartment. Unpaginated. (272) pp. Last leaf is L I2. Title-page laid down. Inner upper corner of title-page gone, but repaired, shaving the ""C"" in ""Common"". Brownspots to title-page. B7 with marginal repairs. Some rather faint scattered brownspots.
1760réf. 54952Cambridge John Baskerville 1760. Royal 8vo.235 x 157 cm. Bound in fine red full longgrained morocco. Spine divided in 5 compartments each richly gilt and with a blindtooled stamp in the middle. Covers with broad gilt borders and blindtooled cornerpieces. Inside gilt borders. Edges of covers also gilt Edges of leaves gilt. Faint discolouring at upper compartment. Unpaginated. 272 pp. Last leaf is L I2. Title-page laid down. Inner upper corner of title-page gone but repaired shaving the "C" in "Common". Brownspots to title-page. B7 with marginal repairs. Some rather faint scattered brownspots. Second edition the same year as the first. Text printed in double columns and leaves without borders around the text.- Gaskell13. unknown
1751réf. 628960London, Osborne & Sandby, 1751-61. Leder d. Zeit mit Rückenvergoldung u. marmorierten Vorsätzen (berieben, Ecken etwas bestoßen, einige Bände mit Wurmspuren, Schabstellen oder kl. Ausbrüchen an den Kapitalen, 3 Bände mit größeren ergänzten Fehlstellen im Bezug, 4 Rückenschilder abgerieben). [2 Warenabbildungen]
1912réf. JBDEH1HAEOMM1912. 1/4 leather album. 4to. Approximately 120 mounted usually 2-4 to a page snap shots ranging in size from 60 x 40 mm to 120 x 100 mm. Brief captions in black ink under almost all the photos. The first half of the photos show middle class life in Edwardian England. The second and more interesting half of the photos are snap shots that appear to have been taken by a British officer and include military subjects scenes of Baghdad and the Euphrates and views of the Bosporus.An early 19th century photograpic impression of middle class life in England and the military in Iraq Some photos are faded or have minor spots or light streaks. Wretched-looking lacking backstrip with covers worn discolored and detached. hardcover
3 volumes in-12 (159 x 93 mm), plein veau fauve glacé de l'époque, dos à 5 nerfs guillochés or, ornés de compartiments richement garnis d'un décor d'encadrement, fleurons centraux, filets et palettes dorés, pièces de titre et de tomaison de maroquin, roulette sur les coupes, tranches rouges, (30), 451 p.; (8), 447 p. et (8), 438 p., portrait frontispice gravé par P. Bouttats, titres rouge et noir. Première édition de la traduction française. Produite dans les milieux du refuge huguenot, cette traduction assura la diffusion européenne et le succès de ce livre. Très lu, réédité à plusieurs reprises, ce "catéchisme des républicains", constitua une source fondamentale de la pensée des Lumières comme des révolutionnaires de 1789. Algernon Sidney y étudie avec précision les mécanismes du pouvoir personnel, expose ses vues sur la nécessaire liberté politique des Nations et argumente autour de la primauté d’un parlement représentatif sur l’exécutif. Impliqué dans un complot contre Charles II d’Angleterre, l’auteur a été décapité pour trahison en 1683 et son ouvrage ne fut publié en anglais qu'à titre posthume en 1698. "L'une des plus puissantes théories républicaines des débuts de l'époque moderne" (C. Hamel). Cf. P. Carrive, ‘La pensée politique d’A. Sidney’, Paris, 1989. (Brunet, V, 373). Petits défauts aux coiffes et petites fentes aux mors. Ex-libris gravé ancien: "La Houssaye". Bel exemplaire, très frais, très bien relié à l’époque.
1706réf. 278581706 Book of Common Prayer Psalms English Anglican Queen Elizabeth ARMORIAL Huge A truly rare late 17th-century Holy Bible and Book of Common Prayer from the Church of England. Like many similar works this book includes the Psalms of David calendars orders of prayers tables and rules for devotion and litanies and prayers. This edition published by Charles Bill is an enormous folio printing with large-font text in two column format. It also includes the "Psalms of David". This particular edition was published by Bill with credit given to the deceased Thomas Newcomb printers to Queen Elizabeth. It was bound in an armorial leather binding with the royal arms impressed into the front and back boards. Item number: #27858 Price: $950 Church of England The book of common prayer and administration of the sacraments : and other rites and ceremonies of the church according to the use of the Church of England; London: Printed by Charles Bill Thomas Newcomb deceas'd 1706. Details: <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Collation: Complete with all pages; <!-- if !supportLists-->o <!--endif-->'Common Prayer' – 120 <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Language: English <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Binding: Leather; secure with some damage see photos <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Size: ~18in X 13in cm x cm Our Guarantee: Very Fast. Very Safe. Free Shipping Worldwide. Customer satisfaction is our priority! Notify us with 7 days of receiving and we will offer a full refund without reservation! Photos available upon request. Charles Bill, Thomas Newcomb deceas’d hardcover
1785réf. 52084London: A. Hogg 1785. Hardcover. Very good condition. Folio. 12 i-xvi 9-46 57-417 3: ads; directions to book-binder; list of subscribers. 38 engraved plates. Contemporary calf lightly rubbed and scuffed spine with raised bands. Red silk ribbon marker. Text with occasional smudges and mild marginal dampstains or spotting but overall clean and crisp. A very good copy complete with all 36 plates called for in the instructions and 2 additional. 11 of the plates are bound consecutively in the preliminaries rather than placed in the text; these 11 plates all have relatively simple borders in contrast with the ones properly placed. Sumptuously illustrated Church of England prayer book with a substantial apparatus of theological historical and critical commentary. Issued in 36 numbered parts the text is complete despite the gap in pagination between pages 46 and 57. The anomalous pagination of the preliminaries is explained in the binder's directions: "N.B. Place the Act for the Uniformity of Common-Prayer &c. and the Tables of Proper Lessons Feasts Fasts Kindred and to find Easter-Day viz. 5O and 5P i.e. 4 leaves of part 36 immediately after the Preface before the Calendar." References: ESTC T82283. A. Hogg hardcover
1785réf. 52084London: A. Hogg 1785. Hardcover. Very good condition. Folio. 12 i-xvi 9-46 57-417 3: ads; directions to book-binder; list of subscribers. 38 engraved plates. Contemporary calf lightly rubbed and scuffed spine with raised bands. Red silk ribbon marker. Text with occasional smudges and mild marginal dampstains or spotting but overall clean and crisp. A very good copy complete with all 36 plates called for in the instructions and 2 additional. 11 of the plates are bound consecutively in the preliminaries rather than placed in the text; these 11 plates all have relatively simple borders in contrast with the ones properly placed. Sumptuously illustrated Church of England prayer book with a substantial apparatus of theological historical and critical commentary. Issued in 36 numbered parts the text is complete despite the gap in pagination between pages 46 and 57. The anomalous pagination of the preliminaries is explained in the binder's directions: "N.B. Place the Act for the Uniformity of Common-Prayer &c. and the Tables of Proper Lessons Feasts Fasts Kindred and to find Easter-Day viz. 5O and 5P i.e. 4 leaves of part 36 immediately after the Preface before the Calendar." References: ESTC T82283. A. Hogg hardcover books
1660réf. 240571660-85 Stuart Restoration Acts of Parliament Charles II England Scotland FOLIO A rare and impressive collection of 17th-century printings of Acts of Parliament during the reign of Charles II from 1660 through this death in 1685. This book is one of the best works describing the events of the Stuart Restoration in 1660. Interesting topics covered in this work include acts discharging prisoners Irish import cartels and much more. Item number: #24057 Price: $950 England Anno regni Caroli II. Regis Angliae Scotiae Franciae… 1660-1685 London: Printed by John Macock and Francis Tyton printers to the House of Peers 1660-1685. First editions. Details: <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Collation: Complete with all pages <!-- if !supportLists-->o <!--endif-->Various pagination throughout <!-- if !supportLists-->o <!--endif-->Numerous title pages dated 1660-1685 through the reigns of Charles II-James II <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Provenance: Handwritten – Ri. Blackford 1677 <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Language: Latin <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Binding: Leather; tight and secure <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->Size: ~11.25in X 7.5in 28.5cm x 18.5cm <!-- if !supportLists-->· <!--endif-->RARE collection Our Guarantee: Very Fast. Very Safe. Free Shipping Worldwide. Customer satisfaction is our priority! Notify us with 7 days of receiving and we will offer a full refund without reservation! 24057 Photos available upon request. John Macock, and Francis Tyton, printers to the House of Peers hardcover
1546réf. 825761546. Imprynted.by N. Hill for Henry Smythe 1546. Imprynted.by N. Hill for Henry Smythe 1546. A Rare Imprint of an Important Exchequer Ordinance Henry VI 1421-1471 King of England. Thys is a True Copy of the Ordynaunce Made in the Tyme of the Reygne of Kynge Henry the. VI. To be Observed in the Kynges Eschequier By the Offycers and Clerkes of the Same For Takynge of Fees of the Kynges Accomptes in the Same Courtes. London: Imprynted.by N. Hill for Henry Smythe 1546. 16 pp. Title page and final leaf are bound-in facsimiles. Octavo 5-3/4" x 3-1/2". Recent calf gilt title and fillets to spine. A few minor nicks and spots to boards. Moderate toning and dampstaining to non-facsimile leaves minor water damage to fore-edges of two leaves one repaired brief annotations in early court hand at beginning and end of text. $950. Later edition. This title a copy of a 1447 ordinance governing the exchequer would have been "essential" for local government officials and justices of the peace given that most "were obliged to render an account at the Exchequer of fines fees and amercements" Holdsworth. Copies of the 1447 ordinance were frequently issued with or incorporated into JP manuals of the period; the English Short-Title Catalogue notes that this title may have been issued with contemporary editions of The Boke for a Justyce of Peace. This is a rare imprint. OCLC Library Hub and the English Short-Title Catalogue locate 1 copy worldwide British Library. Holdsworth A History of English Law IV:114. Beale A Bibliography of Early English Law Books T243. English Short-Title Catalogue S108802. unknown