ZEYNEP KÜÇÜKCERAN.MareMagnum
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2014New English Paperback. Pbo. Demy 8vo. (21 x 14 cm). In English. 170 p. " As a result of the modernization process transforming much of the world in the nineteenth century, the changing structure and function of the state necessitated the development of a relationship between states and their subjects. In the context of this relationship, states used various instruments to monitor, control, and shape their subjects in order to ensure the survival of the state machinery. Education acquired a pivotal importance in shaping subjects according to state policies. In the Ottoman Empire its importance also began to be perceived in the first half of the century, but it was Hamidian era that such a policy manifested itself most clearly. Yet, for the people living in the villages, it was the agrarian economy that would continue to determine and shape their lives. Thus villages became a field of struggle between the state, which was attempting to penetrate rural life (and, by extension, the lives of the peasants) through education, and the realities of an agrarian existence and the economic and social relationships that it creates. For that reason, a history of education without a comprehensive analysis of the village conditions would be incomplete. This book aims to fill this blank in the history of education by focusing on the socio-economic structure in the villages that derives from agrarian economy. In doing so it also offers new sights to the field of social history through a close examination of the lives of peasants and the complex relationships between them.".
1921Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript autograph letter signed 'Ziya Kutnak' sent to Mustafa Hilmi Pasha. 27x17 cm. In Ottoman script. 1 p. It mentions 'Divân-i Harb azaligina tayîn'. [i.e. Assignment to the Divan-i Harb membership]. (Divân-i Hârb was an assembly where high-ranking soldiers meet for work on war issues or war criminals). Çürüksulu Ziya Pasha or Ziya Kutnak is the last Minister of War in the Ottoman Empire. His father was Çürüksulu Osman Nuri Pasha who was Hedjaz (Hijaz) Governor. In 1908, he participated in military exercises in Russia. In 1911, he visited Rumelia with Sultan Mehmed Resad during Sultan's famous voyages to Rumelia. He was sent as a representative to the King of England ceremonies. He assisted the Turkish War of Independence during his war ministry. Mustafa Hilmi Pasha, (1840-1922), was a general of the Ottoman Army. He was the son of Ibrahim Pasha Sarim. In the early 20th century, he participated in the modernisation and unification of the Ottoman Army. In World War I, he commanded the VI. Army Corps, which was sent to participate in the campaign against Romania during the period October 1916 - February 1918. In the Turkish War of Independence, he fought against French forces around Aleppo. He died in 1922 in Istanbul. Original text: "Erkân-i Divân-i Harbiye Meclisi olan tayinleri hususuna bi'ilânindan fî sene 7 Eylül [1]337 tarihinde irâde-i seniyye-i cenâb-i pâdisâhî seref-müteallik buyurulmus olmakla hemen vazife-i cedidelerine mübâseret buyurmalari mütemennâdir efendim. Fî sene 14 Eylül [1]337. Harbiye Nâziri [Signature]".