‎Mathematics‎

‎"LEBESGUE, HENRI.‎

‎Recherches sur la Convergence des Séries de Fourier.‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1905. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers, without backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen, 61. Band, 2. Heft, 1905"". Fine and clean. [Lebesgue:] Pp. 251-280. [Entire issue: 161-288 pp].‎

‎"LEE, C, Y.‎

‎Representation of Switching Circuits by Binary-Decision Programs. - [FIRST PUBLICATION ON BINARY DECISION DIAGRAMS]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1959. 8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""The Bell System Technical Journal"", Volume XXXVIII, July, Number 4, 1959. Entire issue offered. Light miscolouring to spine. A fine fine and clean copy. Pp. 985-1000. [Entire issue: 909-1065 pp.].‎

‎"LEGENDRE, A.M. (ADRIEN MARIE).‎

‎Versuch über die Theorie der Zahlen. Aus dem Französischen übersetzt von M. Ereizenenach. Erster Theil, Methoden und Lehrsätze zur unbestimmten Analytik enthaltend (alles erschienen). - [THE THEORY OF NUMBERS]‎

‎Frankfurt am Main, Johann David Sauerländer, 1829. Cont. marbled boards. A paper-label pasted on front cover with handwritten title. Backstrip a little torn and with repairs. XII,189 pp. and 3 tables. Light yellowing to leaves.‎

‎"LEIBNITZ, GOTTFRIED WILHELM., JOHANN BERNOULLI, JACOB BERNOULLI & ISAAC NEWTON - SOLVING THE BRACHISTOCHRONE PROBLEM.‎

‎Communicatio suae pariter, duarumque alienarum ad edendum sibi a Dn. Jo. Bernoulli, deinde a Dn Marchione Hospitalio communicatarum solutionum problematici curvae..descensus a Dn. Jo. Bernpulli....propositi solutione... (Leibniz). + Curvatura Radii in...‎

‎Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1697. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCXCVII"", No V, May-issue. Pp. 193-240 (entire issue offered). With titlepage to the volume 1697. Leibniz: pp. 201-205. Johann Bernoulli: pp. 206-211. Jacob Bernoulli: pp. 211-214. Newton: pp. 223-224. As usual, some leaves with browning.‎

‎"LEIBNIZ (LEIBNITZ), G.F. - JOHANN BERNOULLI - JAKOB BERNOUILLI. - CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS ET AL. - INTRODUCING THE LEMNISCATE CURVE.‎

‎1. Nova Calculi Differentialis. Applicatio & usus, ad multiplicem linearum constructionem, ex data tangentium conditione. 2. Constructio Propria Problematiis de Curva Isochrona Paracentrica....& de constructione linearum transcendentium, una maxima ge...‎

‎Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1694. 4to. Contemp. full vellum. Faint handwritten title on spine. a small stamp on titlepage. In: ""Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCXCIV"". (2),518 pp.. and 11 folded engraved plates. As usual with various browning to leaves and plates. The entire volume offered. Leibniz's papers: pp. 311-316, pp. 364-375. - Johann Bernoulli's papers: pp. 200-206, pp. 394-99, pp. 435-437, pp. 437-441. - Huygen's papers: pp. 338, pp. 339-41. - Jakob Bernoulli's papers: pp. 262-276, pp. 276-280, pp. 336-338, pp. 391-400. Some mispaginations.‎

‎"LEMOINE, ÈMILE.‎

‎De la mesure de la simplicité dans les constructions géométriques.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1888. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 107, No 3. Pp. (157-) 199. (Entire issue offered). Lemoine's paper: pp. 169-171.‎

‎"LEUPOLD, JACOB. & ERNST SCHEFFLER.‎

‎Theatrum arithmetico geometricum, das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst, ... [With:] Theatri machinarum supplementum das ist: Zusatz zum Schau-Platz der Machinen und Instrumenten, ... - [THE ART OF CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT]‎

‎Leipzig: Christoph Zunkel and Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf, 1727-1739. Folio. (372x239mm). Two parts in one volume. Contemporary vellum, two cuts in spine, modern slip case. Provenance: Book plates of Arnaud de Vitry and Andras Gedeon. Stamps to half-title and title-page, from Stadtbibliothek Augsburg - sold as duplicate. First part: (14], 200, (4) pp. and 45 plates, numbered I-XLIII (plate III with volvelle). Second part: (12), 100, (94) pp. and 40 plates on 36 sheets, numbered I-XL. All plates intact. An exceptionally fine copy.‎

‎"LIPSCHITZ, R.‎

‎Beiträge zur Theorie der Variation der einfachen Integrale.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1865. 4to. In the original printed wrappers, without backstrip. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 65 Band, 1. Heft, 1865"". Minor browning, otherwise fine. Pp. 24-41. [Entire volume: IV, 96, (2) pp..].‎

‎First printing of Lipschitz's paper on integrals. ""At the age of fifteen he began the study of mathematics at the University of Königsberg, where Franz Neumann was teaching. He then went to Dirichlet in Berlin, and he always considered himself Dirichlet’s student. After interrupting his studies for a year because of illness, he received his doctorate from the University of Berlin on 9 August 1853. After a period of taining and teaching at the Gymnasiums in Königsberg and Elbing, Lipschitz became a Privatdozent in mathematics at the University of Berlin in 1857. In the same year he married Ida Pascha, the daughter of a neighboring landowner. In 1862 he became an associate professor at Breslau, and in 1864 a full professor at Bonn, where he was examiner for the dissertation of nineteen-year-old Felix Klein in 1868. He rejected an offer to succeed Clebsch at Göttingen in 1873. Lipschitz was a corresponding member of the academies of Paris, Berlin, Göttingen, and Rome.Lipschitz distinguished himself through the unusual breadth of his research. He carried out many important and fruitful investigations in number theory, in the theory of Bessel functions and of Fourier series, in ordinary and partial differential equations, and in analytical mechanics and potential theory."" (DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 46521

‎"LINDENFELS, I.B.‎

‎Den hemmelige Skrivekonst eller: Chiffrer= og Dechiffrer=Konsten, isærdeleshed practiskt oplyst ved et nyt Transpositionschiffre, der formedelst dets utallige Afvexlinger, i Forening med den største Simpelhed og Lethed, kan gjøres aldeles uopløseligt,... - [THE VIGENÈRE CIPHER CORRECTLY DESCRIBED FOR THE FIRST TIME]‎

‎Kjøvenhavn [Copenhagen], Brummers Forlag, 1819. 8vo. In the fragile and rare original engraved paper-binding with wear and bumping to capitals and corners, but overall fine. Spine a bit soiled and some minor ink-spotting to front board. Internally some occasional brownspotting, but overall nice and clean. Half-title, engraved title-page, (being pp. 1-4), XL pp. + pp. (5) - 294 + 1 leaf errata + 9 engraved plates (numbered I-IX, though the title-page states ""eight engraved plates"") + 5 folded tables (in all there are 7 tables that are numbered, namely A(a-c)-E, of which Ab+c,C,D,E are folded, Aa-B are in the text and are 3/4 and almost full-page respectively. Table D has a tear, no loss).Printed on good, heavy paper. Orig. koberstukket kartonnage, hvor ryggen dog er slidt. Hjørner stødte. Kobberstukket titelblad, XL,294, pp. + 1 blad errata + talrige foldetabeller og 9 kobberstukne foldeplancher. Trykt på skrivepapir, men her og der noget brunplettet.‎

‎The rare first printing of this highly important work of cryptography, which is the very first work to correctly describe Vigenère's cipher. ""Lindenfels, so far as I can ascertain, is the only writer who accurately presents both the tables and the directions of Vigenère."" (Charles J. Mendelsohn, 1940). The present work also constitutes the first Danish cryptographical work.""All European countries have a larger or smaller collection of crytographical works in their languages, whereas we in Denmark, as far as the author is aware, do not own a single letter thereof in the mother tongue. The author has therefore endeavoured, also in a scientific sense, not to be entirely unworthy in filling out this lacuna in the national literature. Both of these purposes unite in the ""pium desiderum"": to enable our young officials - in particular the military - to match also in this respect those of our neighbouring nations. It is necessary in times such as ours, not to lag behind foreigners, especially in these things, if we do not wish at all hours to succumb to them."" (from the ""Prereminder"" - translated from Danish in Franksen). ""In 1918, Charles J. Mendelsohn was made a captain in the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff of the U.S. Army, in charge of decipherment of German codes. A classic scholar and faculty member of the history department in the College of the City of New York, he was launched by his experience into a lifelong study of historical ciphers and their originators. Among other things, this research resulted in two fundamental papers on Cardano and de Vigenère, respectively... With this background in mind we are hard put to find a more authoritative source on the history of the Vigenère cipher than the article by Mendelsohn. It is therefore noteworthy to read in Mendelsohn's abstract, that ""In all the literature of cipher, I know of only one writer who has correctly described Vigenère's cipher, and that was well over one hundred years ago."" In the body of the article Mendelsohn, referring to ""I.B. Lindenfels, Den hemmelige Skrivekonst (Copenhagen, 1819)"", expands on this remark... (see first quotation above). On this authority I have often relied on Lindenfels' work for factual information in past discussions. Yet, I have withheld his story which, lying dormant in the Danish Army Archives and some contemporary bibliographical accounts, is perhaps as fascinating as the topic he describes... Its title page was engraved, so Lindenfels proudly tells us, together with nine other illustrations by a young artist, H.C. Klingsey, employed as a map-maker by the Danish navy. It reveals that Lindenfels was a major of the artillery and a teacher of the Royal Pageans (cadets training for general staff and military engineering), at the Land Cadet Academy (infantry and horse), and at the Artillery Cadet Institute... In the ""prereminder"", Lindenfels assures the reader that he has done everything in his power to make the book as entertaining as possible. Simultaneously, however, he emphasizes that his choice of motto ""Ei blot til lyst"" (not only for pleasure) on the title-page, is made on purpose (see quotation from the Prereminder above)..."" (Franksen, pp. 215-17).Lindenfels does not invent or introduce an entirely new cipher, he does, however, in the present work, introduce a new practice that is to replace the simple substitution cipher or traditional nomenclature, and in fact he becomes the first to describe the seminal Vigenère cipher correctly. The work is divided into three parts, namely Simple substitution ciphers and nomenclatures" the Vigenère cipher" and a Supplement, all of about the same length. The supplement not only describes the history of ciphers and codes but also covers sign languages, both of thieves and deaf and mutes. Being the first such work in the Danish language, of course it arose some curiosity and excitement. It is evident from the subscription list that Kind Fredrik VI himself purchased 10 copies alone. For curiosity it can be mentioned that Lindenfels here mentions ""the newest galvanic and electric discoveries"" and ""the incredible bordering progress in physics and chemistry"", referring to Ørsted and inferring how Ørsted gradually worked towards his discovery of electromagnetism in 1820, about a year after Lindenfels had published his work. For a long and thorough description of the work and of Lindenfels, see:Franksen, Mr. Babbage's Secret. The Tale of a Cypher - and APL. (IBM).‎

Bookseller reference : 42688

‎"LIOUVILLE, JOSEPH. - THE EXISTANCE OF TRANSCENDENTAL NUMBERS PROVED.‎

‎Remarques... à des classes très-étendues de quantités dont la valeur n'est ni rationelle ni méme réductible à des irratonnelles algébriques... à un passage du livre des principes ou Newton... (Séance du Lundi 13 mai 1844). (+) Nouvelle démonstratio...‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1844 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 18, No 20 a. 21. Pp. (883-) 898 a. pp. (899-) 960. (Entire issues offered). Liouville's papers: pp. 883-885 a. 910-911.‎

‎First printing of the papers in which Liouville proved the existence of transcendental numbers. ""J. Liouville..... invented a method (1844) for constructing any one of an extensive class of transcendental numbers. His numbers were the first to be proved transcendental" Hermite's proof of the transcendence of e ... followed in 1873" F. Lindemnn's for pi in 1882.""(Bell ""Development of Mathematics"", p. 275).Liouville showed that not only are these numbers irrational, they are always transcendental. Thus he was the first to prove the existence of transcendental numbers and also that there were an infinite number of them. Liouville suggested that e was transcendental, and provided the first example of a provably transcendental number, now known as Liouville’s constant.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1844 M.‎

Bookseller reference : 49077

‎"LIE, SOPHUS.‎

‎Ein Fundamentalsatz in der Theorie der unendlichen Gruppen.‎

‎Christiania, Jacob Dybwad, 1889. Uncut in original printed wrappers. Offprint issue from ""Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger 1889. No. 7).‎

‎"LIE, SOPHUS.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Transformationsgruppe.‎

‎Christiania, A. W. Brøggers, 1888. 8vo. Uncut, unopened in the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs-Selskabs Forhanlinger"", 1888, No. 13. wrappers partly detached, otherwise fine. 8 pp.‎

‎"LIOUVILLE, JOSEPH.‎

‎Mémoire sur une formule d'analyse.‎

‎[Berlin, G. Reimer, 1834.] 4to. As extracted, without backstrip. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 12. Band, 1834"". Fine and clean. Pp. 273-87. [Entire offering: Pp. 273-364].‎

‎"LIPSCHITZ, R.‎

‎Beiträge zur Theorie der Variation der einfachen Integrale.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1865. 4to. In the original printed wrappers, without backstrip. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 65 Band, 1. Heft, 1865"". Minor browning, otherwise fine. Pp. 24-41. [Entire volume: IV, 96, (2) pp..].‎

‎"LOBACHEVSKY, N.‎

‎Ob izchezanij trigonometrisheskikh strok. [Russian - i.e. On the Convergence of Trigonometrical Series] [In: ""Uchenye zapiski"" (""Scientific Memoirs"") of Kazan University]. - [THE GENERAL DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION]‎

‎Kazan, 1834. 8vo. Contemporary blank, blue wrappers (original?). A closed tear and a bit of staining to back wrapper and some tears and scratches to spine. Internally very nice and clean. Presumably not an off-print, as there are stitching-holes to the margins, indicating that it has been removed from a volume, although the wrappers could look original, certainly contemporary. With the original title-page for Book 11 of the ""Uchenye zapiski"" + pp. (167)-226.‎

‎Scarce first printing of Lobachavsky's main contribution to his second most important field (after non-Euclidean geometry), namely infinite series, more specifically trigonometric series. This constitutes one of Lobachevsky's earliest papers and the one in which he presents his new results in the theory of trigonometric series. It is here that he gives his definition of a function as a correspondence between two sets of real numbers, the same definition that Dirichlet some three years later discovers independently of Lobachevsky (and is given the general credit for). This important paper was published in the Scientific Memoirs of the Kazan University. ""Some of Lobachevsky's early papers, too, were on such nongeometrical subjects as algebra and the theoretical aspects of infinite series. Thus, in 1834 he published his paper ""Algebra ili ischislenie konechnykh"" (""Algebra, or Calculus of Finites""), of which most had been composed as early as 1825. The first issue of the ""Uchenye zapiski"" (""Scientific Memoirs"") of Kazan University, founded by Lobachevsky, likewise carried his article ""Ob ischezanii trigonometricheskikh strok"" (""On the Convergence of Trigonometrical Series""). The chief thrust of his scientific endeavor was, however, geometrical, and his later work was devoted exclusively to his new non-Euclidean geometry."" (DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 49559

‎"LOBATSCHEVSKY (LOBACHEVSKY, LOBACHEVSKII, LOBACEVSKIJ, LOBATSCHEWSKIJ), (NIKOLAI IVANOVITSCH).‎

‎Probabilité des résultats moyens tirés d'observations répétées. - [THE FIRST PRINTING OF ANY PART OF HIS ""GEOMETRIYA""]‎

‎Berlin, G. reimer, 1842. 4to. No wrappers. In: Crelle's ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik."", 24. Band, zweites Heft., Titlepage to Zweites Heft and pp. 93-188 and 3 plates. Lobatschewsky's paper pp. 164-170.‎

‎First edition and THE FIRST PRINTING of any part of Lobatschefskij's FIRST MAJOR work on geometry, as it is his own translation of the last to chapters of his ""Geometriya"" from 1823, a work which was never published in his lifetime. In its original form the ""Geometriya"" was published in 1909. - The geometrical studies which it contains, led Lobatschewski to his main discovery, the Non-Euclidean Geometry , published in Russian in Kazan 1829, and in it he developes the idea of geometry independent of the fifth postulate. The last two chapters of the unpublished work is offered here, and the chapters deals with the solution of triangles, on given measurements, and on probable errors in calculation, deaply connected to his attempts to establish experimentally what sort of geometry obtains in the real world. - ""The period 1835 to 1838 saw him concerned with writing ""Novye nachalaa geometrii s polnoi teoriei parallellnykh"" (New Principles of Geometry with a Complete Theory of Parallels), which incorporated a version of his first work,the still unpublished ""Geometriya"". The last two chapters of the book were abbriviated and translated for publication in Crelle's Journal in 1842."" (DSB).""Lobachevsky was interested in the theory of parallels from at least 1815. Lecture notes of the period 1815-17 are ectant, in which Lobachevsky attempts various waus to establish the Euclidean theory. he proves Legendre's two propositions, and employs also the ideas of direction and infinite areas. In 1823 he prepared a treatise on geometry for use at the university, but it obtained so unfavourable a report that it was not printed. The MS. remained buried in the University archives until it was discovered and printed in 1909. In this book he states that ""a rigorous proof of the postulate of Euclid has nit hitherto been discovered"" those which have been given may be called explanations, and do not deserve to be considered as mathematical proofs in the full sense.""(Sommerville: The Elements of Non-Euclidean geometry. 1914).‎

Bookseller reference : 40401

‎"LOBATSCHEVSKY (LOBACHEVSKY, LOBACHEVSKII, LOBACEVSKIJ, LOBATSCHEWSKIJ), (NIKOLAI IVANOVITSCH).‎

‎Ueber die Convergenz der uendlichen Reihen (i.e. English: ""On the Convergence of Infinite Series"").‎

‎(Kazan, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei, 1841). 4to. In a contemporary modest half calf over marbled paper boards. Published in a supplement to ""Meteorologische Beobachtungen aus dem Lehrbezirk der Kaiserlich. Russischen Universitaet Kasan"". Heft 1, 1835–1836. 1841. Small stamp to upper outer corner of front free end-paper. A few leaves brownspotted. Book block split between pp. 4 and 5, otherwise a fine copy. 48 pp.‎

‎Exceedingly rare first appearance of this work by Lobachevsky in which he returns to convergence of infinite series, on the foundations of calculus and real analysis, which he previous had dealt with in his 1834-textbook Algerbra and his 1834-paper ‘Ob ischezanii trigonometricheskikh strok’. Here, he expands and further develops the modern definition of the idea of a function in the works of Dirichlet, Poisson, and himself, adding and supplying more proofs. Primarily famous for his non-Euclidean geometry, Lobachevsky published a few papers on such nongeometrical subjects as algebra and the theoretical aspects of infinite series. The chief thrust of his scientific endeavor was, however, geometrical, and his later work was devoted exclusively to his new non-Euclidean geometry, the present work being one of his last on algebra and infinite series.‎

Bookseller reference : 60236

‎"LOBACHEVSKY, N.‎

‎Ob izchezanij trigonometrisheskikh strok. [Russian - i.e. On the Convergence of Trigonometrical Series] [In: ""Uchenye zapiski"" (""Scientific Memoirs"") of Kazan University]. - [THE GENERAL DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION]‎

‎Kazan, 1834. 8vo. Contemporary blank, blue wrappers (original?). A closed tear and a bit of staining to back wrapper and some tears and scratches to spine. Internally very nice and clean. Presumably not an off-print, as there are stitching-holes to the margins, indicating that it has been removed from a volume, although the wrappers could look original, certainly contemporary. With the original title-page for Book 11 of the ""Uchenye zapiski"" + pp. (167)-226.‎

‎"LOBATSCHEVSKY (LOBACHEVSKY, LOBACHEVSKII, LOBACEVSKIJ, LOBATSCHEWSKIJ), (NIKOLAI IVANOVITSCH).‎

‎Ueber die Convergenz der uendlichen Reihen (i.e. English: ""On the Convergence of Infinite Series"").‎

‎(Kazan, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei, 1841). 4to. In a contemporary modest half calf over marbled paper boards. Published in a supplement to ""Meteorologische Beobachtungen aus dem Lehrbezirk der Kaiserlich. Russischen Universitaet Kasan"". Heft 1, 1835–1836. 1841. Small stamp to upper outer corner of front free end-paper. A few leaves brownspotted. Book block split between pp. 4 and 5, otherwise a fine copy. 48 pp.‎

‎"LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON.‎

‎Weiterbildung der MaxwellschenTheorie. Elektronentheorie.‎

‎(Leipzig, Teubner, 1904). No wrappers as issued in ""Encyclopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften"", V,2, pp. 145-280.‎

‎"LUSIN, N. [LUZIN].‎

‎Sur le probléme de M. J. Hadamard d'uniformisation des ensembles.‎

‎[Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1930.] 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 190, No 6, Entire issue offered. No backstrip, stamp to first leaf. Pp. 349-51. [Entire issue: Pp. 337-408].‎

‎"LÜROTH, JACOB.‎

‎Beweis eines Satzes tiber rationale Kurven. - [LÜROTH'S THEOREM]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1876. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 9., 1876. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp.163-165 [Entire volume: IV, 575 pp.].‎

‎"MATEMATISK MANUSKRIPT - MATHEMATICAL MANUSCRIPT. (CHRISTIAN CRAMER).‎

‎Arithmetica Tyronica. Eller Den Gÿldne Regne Kunst Efter Christian Chramer Forfattede Regne Bog Paa Practique Maade Excercere.‎

‎(Ebbestofte ?), 1770-71. 4to. Bindet dateret 1770 i guldtryk på forperm ligesom ejers initialer i guldtryk O.C.v.H (Oluf Christian v. Hessen) på forperm. Helbind med spejl. og rygforgyldning. Spor efter lukkestroppe. Rygforgyldning. 177 blade (= 354 pp.) i smuk håndskrift, helt igennem er titler og kapiteloverskrifter kalligraferet i rødt og grønt.‎

‎Et omhyggeligt udført matematisk håndskrift, som delvist er bygget på og afskrevet fra Cramers populære regnebog, men også med talrige tilføjelser af emner og øvelsesstykker, omhandlende de fire regnearter og udvidet med kapitler til brug for husholdningsregskab, rentesregning, procentregning, handels-regning (netto,tara-og brutto), arv og skifte, konkurs, vexel-regning (inden-og udenlandsk), mål og vægt-regning, kubik og kvadrat etc.etc.Af dedikationsbladet fremgår, at bogen er lavet til Oluf Christian v. Hessen og at den er overrakt ham af B. Prostrop (?) Ebbestofte 1. Sept. 1770 ""til hans aarsdag"". Af sidste side fremgår, at ""Denne min Zifre-Bog haver jeg fuldendt Dend 11te Aprilj Anno 1771 Pro MDCCLXXI"" og underskrevet A. Heÿm.‎

Bookseller reference : 31527

‎"MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MARIE de - FORMEY, JEAN HENRI S.‎

‎Eloge de Monsieur Maupertuis.‎

‎Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1766. 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Année 1759, tome XV. Titlepage to tome XV a. pp. 464-512. Titlepage with a stamp and engraved vignette.‎

Bookseller reference : 44785

‎"MAHALANOBIS, P.C.‎

‎On Large-Scale Sample Surveys. (Offprint from: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Vol. 231, pp.329-451).‎

‎London, Cambridge University Press, 1944. Large 4to. Original printed wrappers. A fine copy. Owner's signature of statistician Anders Hald (the author of ""A History of Mathematical Statistics""). (123 pp.).‎

‎First edition, offprint issue of this important paper in the history of statistics. ""Mahalanobis's contributions to large scale sample surveys are among his most significant and lasting gifts to statistics. He started his work on sample surveys with estimation of area and yield of jute crop in Bengal in 1937. However, it was not easy for him to get these estimates"" controversy between him and the advocates of complete enumeration continued for over a decade. Ultimately he was able to demonstrate that estimates based on sample surveys were often more accurate than those based on complete enumeration, and that sample surveys could yield estimates with small margins of error within a short time and at a smaller cost than complete enumeration. He made many methodological contributions to survey sampling that included optimal choice of sampling design using variance and cost functions, and the technique of interpenetrating network of sub-samples for assessment and control of errors, especially non-sampling errors, in surveys. The concept of pilot surveys was a forerunner of sequential sampling developed by Abraham Wald, as acknowledged by Wald in his book. In addition to introducing these concepts, Mahalanobis raised important and difficult philosophical questions on randomness and representativeness of a sample, which remain relevant and challenging even today. He was elected Chairman of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Statistical Sampling in 1947, and held this post until 1951. His tireless advocacy of the usefulness of sample surveys resulted in the final recommendation of this Sub-Commission that sampling methods should be extended to all parts of the world. Mahalanobis received the Weldon Medal from Oxford University in 1944 and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society, London, in 1945, for his fundamental contributions to statistics, particularly in the area of large-scale sample surveys."" - Heyde: Statisticians of the Centuries, p.436.‎

Bookseller reference : 35747