‎Physics‎

‎"HALLWACHS, WILHELM.‎

‎Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes auf electrostatisch geladene Körper. - [THE HALLWACHS EFFECT]‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1888. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 33.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer paper in the history of the photoelectric effect, as Hallwachs here for the first time showed that metals lose their negative charges under the action of ultraviolet radiation and becomes positive charged. The earliest speculations of the nature of the effect predates the discovery of the electron in 1897 by J.J. Thomson.""This process, which is called the photoelectric effect or Hallwachs effect, forms the basis for the physics of the photoelectric cell and was theoretically interpreted by Einstein in 1905 in Einstein's work on light quanta.""(DSB VI, p.74).""On the basis of his heuristic principle, Einstein proposed the following 'simplest picture' for the photoeffect. A light-quantum gives all its energy to a single electron, and the energy transfer by one light-quantum is independent of the presence of other light-quanta....and he gave several other applications of his heuristic principle...""(Pais in ""Subtle is the Lord"" pp. 380-81).Magie ""A Source Book in Physics"", pp. 578 ff.‎

Bookseller reference : 49813

‎"HASENÖHRL, FRIEDRICH.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Strahlung in bewegten Körpern.‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius, 1904 8vo. In full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Fourth series, No. 15, 1904. Entire issue offered. Library labels pasted on to front end-papers and stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 344-70. [Entire volume: VIII, 1064 pp + 4 folded plates].‎

‎First printing of Hasenöhrl's important paper in which he showed that electromagnetic energy E, enclosed in an empty box with perfectly reflecting walls, behaves, when the box is set in motion, as if it had a mass proportional to E - also often referred to as inertia of a cavity containing radiation. Since J. J. Thomson in 1881, many physicists like Wilhelm Wien (1900), Max Abraham (1902), and Hendrik Lorentz (1904) used equations for the so-called ""electromagnetic mass"", which expresses how much electromagnetic energy contributes to the mass of bodies. And Henri Poincaré (1900) implicitly used the expression m=E/c2 for the mass of electromagnetic energy.""When Hasenöhrl returned to Vienna he wrote the series of papers for which he is best known, on electromagnetic radiation. of these the most important is the prizewinning essay on the effects of radiant energy within a moving cavity.2Using classical theory he showed that the trapped radiation increases the kinetic energy of the motion, the effect being equivalent to an increase in the apparent mass of the cavity.In his formula h?0 is the total radiant energy in the cavity and c is the velocity of light. Like other similar anticipations, this result was displaced by Einstein's more general theorem on the equivalence of mass and energy."" (DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 50921

‎"HAHN, O. (OTTO). - THE DISCOVERY OF RADIOTHORIUM.‎

‎Über ein neues, die Emanation des Thoriums gebendes radioaktives Element.‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1905. No wrappers. Issued in ""Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elekronik"", 2. Bd., Heft 3. Hahn's paper: pp. 233-264. Enntire issue: pp. 233-262 (= entire ""Heft 3""). Fine and clean.‎

‎"HALL, ROBERT N. & G. E. FENNER & J. D. KINGSLEY & T. J. SOLTYS & R. O. CARLSON‎

‎Coherent Light Emission From GaAs Junctions. - [THE INVENTION OF THE LASER DIODE]‎

‎(New York), American physical Society, 1962. Lex8vo. Volume 9, No. 9, November 1, 1962 of ""Physical Review Letters"", In the original printed blue wrappers. A very nice and clean copy externally as well as internally, near mint. Pp. 366-368. [Entire issue: 361-414].‎

‎"HALLWACHS, WILHELM. - THE ""HALLWACHS EFFECT""‎

‎Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes auf electrostatisch geladene Körper.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1888. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 33, 2. Heft (= No 2). Titlepage to vol. 33. Smal stamps to verso of title and titlepage. Pp. 241-416 a. 1 plate (entire issue offered ""Heft"" 2). Hallwach's paper: pp. 301-312. Clean and fine.‎

‎"HAMAMOTO, IKUKO.‎

‎The decay scheme of the septuplet in the nucleus 209Bi.‎

‎Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing, 1969. 8vo. In the original stapled wrappers. Offprint from ""Nuclear Physics"" A135, 1969. Very fine and clean. Pp. 576-590.‎

‎"HARTMANN, WERNER.‎

‎Elektrische Untersuchungen an oxydischen Halbleitern.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1936. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 102, 1936. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 709-733. [Entire volume: VIII, 793 pp.].‎

‎"HASENÖHRL, FRIEDRICH.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Strahlung in bewegten Körpern.‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius, 1904 8vo. In full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Fourth series, No. 15, 1904. Entire issue offered. Library labels pasted on to front end-papers and stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 344-70. [Entire volume: VIII, 1064 pp + 4 folded plates].‎

‎"HAUCH, ADAM WILHELM von. - HAUCHS OG DUMOTIERS GAZOMETER.‎

‎Beskrivelse af en forbedret Gazometer eller Luftmaaler og nogle med samme anstillede Forsøg.‎

‎(Kiøbenhavn, Johan Rudolph Thiele, 1799). 4to. Without wrappers. In: ""Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter."" Vol. V. Pp. 18-27 samt 1 stor dobbeltsidet kobberstukket planche.‎

‎"HAÜY, R.J. (RENÉ JUST).‎

‎Handbuch der Physik, für den Elementarunterricht in den französischen National-Lyceen ausgearbeitet. Aus dem Französischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen vermehrt von Christian Samuel Weiss. Zweyter Band (von 2).‎

‎Leipzig, C.H. Reclam, 1805. Uncut and unopened in orig. boards. Tears to spine. Small stamp on titlepage. VIII,687 pp. and 16 engraved plates (numb. IX-XXIV).‎

‎"HERSCHEL, JOHN W.F. - FLOURESCENCE DISCOVERED IN QUININE SOLUTION‎

‎Amorfota (Greek), No. I-II.- On a Case of Superficial Colour presented by homogenous liquid internally colourless. Received January 28, 1845, - Read February 13, 1845. - II. Onthe Epipolic Dispersion of Light, being a Supplement to a paper entitled, ""...‎

‎(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1845). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1845 - Part I. Pp 143-145 . pp. 147-153. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of these highly influential papers as Herschel here reported the first observation of the fluorescence of a quinine solution in sunlight. - In a footnote to the report Herschel points out that he was writing from memory, having carried out the experiment more than twenty years before. Nevertheless, his reminiscence was enough to spark further exploration, eventually resulting in the modern understanding of fluorescence. In fact, even today, quinine is one of the most commonly utilized fluorophores for spectroscopy, enjoyed by many for the strange, but beautiful fluorescence that was first observed, but unable to be unexplained, by Herschel.‎

Bookseller reference : 42918

‎"HENRY, JOSEPH.‎

‎Contributions to Electricity and Magnetism. No. III (and) IV. On Electro-magnetic Induction.‎

‎London, Richard and John E.Taylor, 1840-41. 8vo. 2 contemp. hmorocco. Tears to spines. Frontcovers on both volumes loose. Stamp to foot of titlepages. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Conducted by David Brewster et al."". Vol. XVI a. vol. XVIII. VIII,607,(1) pp. a. 5 plates. + VIII,616 pp., 2 plates. (Entire volumes offered). Henry's papers: pp. 200-210, 254-265, 551-562, textillustr. (in vol. XVI) a. pp. 482-514, textillustr. (in vol. XVIII).‎

‎First printing in England of this pioneering paper on electro-magnetic induction in which Henry carried out his program of determining the relationship of static and dynamic electricity.The volumes also contains first printings by CHARLES LYELL ""On the Boulder Formation, or drift and associated Freshwater Deposits composing the Mud-cliffs of Eastern Norfolk"". Pp. 345-380, textillustr. (1840), and JOHN W. DRAPER ""An Account of some Experiments made in the South of Virginia, on the height of the Sun"".Pp. 81-84 and his ""On the Electro-motive Power of Heat. Pp. 451-461.On p. 535 we have the first announcement of the first sucessfull photographic portrait taken. Draper’s first reported portraiture was that of his sister, Miss Dorothy Catherine Draper, dressed in white sitting still for a period of 65 seconds.""Professor Draper, of the University of New York, informs us in a note dated March 31st, that he has succeeded during the Winter in procuring portraits by the Daguerreotype, and that they have all the beaty and softness of the most finished mezzotint engraving, and only requirefrom 20 to 45 seconds for execution.""‎

Bookseller reference : 48011

‎"HERTZ, H. (HEINRICH RUDOLF).‎

‎Die Kräfte electrischer Schwingungen, behandelt nach der Maxwell'schen Theorie.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1889. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 36, 1. Heft. Pp.1-272 a. 2 folded plates. (Entire issue offered). Hertz's paper: pp. 1-22. The first leaves loose.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper as it is a continuation of his groundbreaking paper ""Ueber sehr schnelle electrische Schwingungen"", 1887.‎

Bookseller reference : 45453

‎"HELMHOLTZ, HERMANN Von. - THE RESOLUTION LIMIT OF THE MICROSCOPE.‎

‎Die theoretische Grenze für die Leistungsfähigkeit der Mikroskope. (The Theoretical Limit of the Efficiency of Microscopes).‎

‎Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1874. Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Jubelband. With titlepage to ""Jubelband"". Titlepage with a stamp. Pp. 557-584‎

‎First appearance of a fundamental paper in modern optics in which Helmholtz published his discovery of the resolution limit of the microscope. He found that the limit for the difference of magnitude that we are able to distinguish plainly is in general found equal to half the wave-lenght of theparticular light employed. A further increase in optical power beyond that of the best modern instruments does not therefore seem possible.‎

Bookseller reference : 45923

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER.‎

‎Die 'beobachtbaren' Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen (+) Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II. - [THE DISCOVERY OF S-MATRIX]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1943. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 120, 1943. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's two seminal paper on the scattering matrix, or S-matrix. """"S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's"" (DSB). These papers are ranked by David Cassidy as being amoung his most important.""The outbreak of world war in September 1939 profoundly affected Heisenberg and his career. Still of military age, he was ordered to report to the Army We apons Bureau (Heereswaffenamt) in Berlin. There the authorities asked him and other leading German nuclear physicists to investigate whether nuclear fission, discovered in Berlin a year earlier, could be used for large-scale energy production. Within two months Heisenberg completed a comprehensive report on the theory of chain reactions and their uses, including their use in an atomic bomb. Thereport made Heisenberg the leading specialist on nuclear energy in Germany.In order to continue the promising research, the Army Weapons Bureau designated the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin the center of German fission research. After the departure of the institute's Dutchdirector, peter Debye, who chose emigration over German citizenship, Heisenberg was named adviser, and later acting director, of the institute and its nuclear research. At the same time, Heisenberg supervised preliminary reactor experiments in Leipzig. He also continued with high-energy interactions. In papers written between 1942 and 1944, Heisenberg developed a theory of particle collisions based, as in 1925, only upon the observable properties of the colliding particles. Theresulting ""S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's but renormalized field theories eventually found more followers."" (DSB)Cassidy 1943a, 1943b‎

Bookseller reference : 49168

‎"HEISENBERG, W.‎

‎Die Selbstenergie des Elektrons.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 65, 1930. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 4-13. [Entire volume: VIII, 876 pp.].‎

‎First printing. Cassidy 1930b‎

Bookseller reference : 49389

‎"HENLY (HENLEY), WILLIAM.‎

‎Experiments and Observations in Electricity. Part I -(II).‎

‎London, W. Bowyer and J. Nichols, 1777. 4to. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Year 1777. Vol. 67 - Part I. Pp. 85-143 a. 1 folded engraved plate. Clean and fine, wide-margined.‎

‎First printing of Henley's large memoir on Franklin's theory of the Leyen Jar, on bow and violin strings oppositely electrified, on the electric origin of water-spouts etc.Wheeler Gift: 2472.‎

Bookseller reference : 46617

‎"HERAPATH, JOHN - THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.‎

‎On the Physical Properties of Gases. (To Dr. Thomsen) (+) A Mathematical Inquiry into the Causes, Laws, and principal Phaenomena of heat, Gases, Gravitation, &c. (3 Parts).‎

‎London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1816 a. 1821. Bound in 2 uniform contemp. moiré boards. Light wear along edges and a fes smaller scratches. In: ""Annals of Philosophy"" or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural History... By Thomas Thomson."", Vol. VIII and New series Vol. I. VIII,479 pp. a. 9 engraved plates, VIII,479 pp. a. 7 engraved plates. (Entire volumes offered). Herapath's papers: pp. 56-60 (1816) a. pp. 273-293, 340-351 a. 401-416.‎

‎First printing of these contoversial papers where Herapath revived the kinetic theory of gases. His theory was more or less neglected by the scientific community at his time. The kinetic theory remained dormant and forgotten after Euler's and Bernouilli's work ""until 1816, when Herapath proposed a theory which is essential Bernoulli's. Unfortunately he chose to define temperature as being proportional to the momentum rather than the kinetic energy of molecules. Herapath was the first to show, more or less, that kinetic theory can provide simple explanations for the changes of state, diffusion, and the propagation of sound.""(Trousdell ""Essayas in the History of Mechanics"", pp. 283 ff.).Euler, Bernoulli, Herapath and Waterston may be considered the principal scientists who prior to 1850 attempted a more or less complete mathematical treatment of gases, based on a set of molecular postulates. (Jamie Wisniak).""Having published a preliminary notice of his theory in the Annals of Philosophy in 1816, Herapath submitted a detailed account to the Royal Society in 1820. Davy, who was elected to the presidency of the Society in November of that year, was primarily responsible for the fate of the paper. Although Davy was already known as an advocate of the qualitative idea that heat is molecular motion, he found Herapath’s quantitative development too speculative and complicated"" he rejected the hypothesis of an absolute temperature implying an ""absolute zero"" of cold. Having been told that his paper would not be accepted for publication in the Philosophical Transactions, Herapath withdrew it and published it instead in the Annals of Philosophy in 1821. Five years later he launched an attack on Davy in the Times of London, accusing him of circulating unfounded criticisms of his experimental work, which prevented its publication. Although Davy ignored a series of letters and challenges published in the Times, Herapath later claimed Davy’s resignation from the presidency of the Royal Society (1827) as a victory for himself.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 46878

‎"HERSCHEL, J.F.W. (JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM).‎

‎On the action of crystallized bodies on homogenous light, and on the causes of the derivation from newton's scale in the tints which many of them develope on exposure to a polarized ray. Read december 23, 1819.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1820. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1820 - Part I. Pp. 45-100 a. 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First printing of one of herschel's importent investigations on polarization and the wave theory of light. He designed a new instrument to project the colored rings onto a screen about three inches behind the analyzer. This method allowed Herschel to examine the details of the tints.‎

Bookseller reference : 49743

‎"HERSCHEL, WILLIAM.‎

‎On the Proper Motion of the Sun and Solar System. - [DISCOVERY OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE SUN - PMM 227]‎

‎London, Lockyer Davis and Peter Elmsly, 1783. 4to. In recent marbled paper wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 73. Including title-page of volume. A few leaves reinforced in margin. (3), iv, (247)-284 pp. + three folded plates.‎

‎First appearance of Herschel's famous paper in which he documented his discovery of the movement of the sun and of the entire solar system with it. ""Between 1780 and 1821 Sir Herschel produced some seventy papers, mostly published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These were the results of his astronomical observations which have earned him the title of 'Farther of sidereal astronomy'. The present paper is one of the most important in the series."" (PMM 227)""Herschel analyzed the individual motions of a small number of stars, showing that most of their observed motions were actually the result of the movement of our solar system through space."" (Norman).PMM 227 Norman 1059‎

Bookseller reference : 56994

‎"HELMHOLTZ, HERMANN von. - THE PRELUDE TO ""ÜBER DIE ERHALTUNG DER KRAFT"" AND HIS FIRST PAPER ON FORCE CONSERVATION‎

‎Physiologische Wärmeerscheinungen. Bericht ""über die Theorie der physiologischen Wärmeerscheinungen für 1845"" (Report on the Work done on the Theory of Animal Heat in 1845).‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1847. Contemp. hcalf, profusely gilt spine. Light wear along edges. XXXII,622 pp. In: ""Fortschritte der Physik im Jahre 1845. Dargestellt von der physikalischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin"". I. Jahrgang. Redigirt von G. Karsten. XXXII,622 pp. A stamp on titlepage. Helmholtz's paper: pp. 346-355. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper which represents the first, and most importent, step towards his great work laid down in ""Über die Erhaltung der Kraft"", 1847. This is Helmholtz' FIRST PAPER ON THE CONSERVATION OF FORCE""At the beginning of October, 1846, Helnmholtz sent a 'Report on Work done on the Theory of Animal Heat for 1845', at du Bois' request, to the ""Fortschritte der Physik"", issued by the Physical Society. (the paper offered). This was merely an abstract from the article in the Encyclopaedic Dictionary.....BUT IT ANTICIPATES MORE DEFINITELY THE CONDCLUSIONS OF HIS GREAT WORK. He states without hesitation that the material theory of heat is no longer tenable, and that a kinetic theory must be substituted for it, since heat originates in mechanical forces, either directly by friction, or indirectly from an electrical current produced by themotion of magnets. This conception of heat as a motion involves the conclusion that mechanical, electrical and chemical forces must always be the definite equivalent of one and the same energy, whatever the mode by which one force is transformed into another. The empirical confirmation of this law must be the imperative duty of physicists and physiologists.""(Leo Koenigsberger in ""Hermann von Helmholtz"", pp. 34-35).""In the ""Fortschritte der Physik"" for 1845, which appeared in 1847, Helmholtz published a report on theories of physiological heat which he later acknowledged as belonging to his work on the conversation of force.""(Jungnickel & McCormach ""Intellectual Masteryof Nature, Vol. 1, p. 157).‎

Bookseller reference : 45604

‎"HERO (HERON) OF ALEXANDRIA.‎

‎Spiritalium liber. A Federico Commandino Urbinate, ex Graeco, nuper in Latinum conversis. Cum Privilegio Gregorij XIII. Pont. Max. - [THE FOUNDATION OF HYDRAULICS]‎

‎Urbini, (D. Frisolini), 1575. Small 4to. Fine recent full vellum in old style with written title on back. Titlepage + 80 leaves (title unnumb. + F 1-80 with 4 leaves misnumb., e.g. F70 instead of 80). The dedicationleaf (unnumb.) after title missing. Text complete, fine and clean with broad margins. One large initial in woodcut and 89 large textillustrations in woodcut.‎

‎First edition of Heron's main work, being his first publication. The work stimulated and contributed substantially to the interest in pneumatics that arose suddenly in the late 16th century and led to the work of Toricelli and Boyle. The ""Pneumatics"" was not published in Greek until 1693. It is one of the major sources to our knowledge of the techniques and mechanics of Antiquity, and the many hydraulic and mechanical inventions by Hero are here depicted for the first time in print. The work includes studies of pneumatics and mechanics and include 89 illustrations of different inventions, such as siphons, fountains, engines, an account of a small stationary steam-engine (which is of the form now known as Avery's patent, the double-force pump etc., which ""by the union of (compressed) air, earth, fire, and water, and the concurrence of...elementary principles..., supply the most pressing wants of the human life, (or) produce amazement and alarm."" The book describes many gadgets and magical tricks and includes the first suggestion of a steam engine (see f. 52). - Sarton, Introduction...Vol. I pp. 208 ff. - Adams H:369 - Poggendorff I: 1084.‎

Bookseller reference : 31751

‎"HENRY, JOSEPH. - ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INDUCTION.‎

‎Sur l'induction électro-dybanique. (Extrait par M. Abria). Premier- (Second) Mémoire. (No III et No IV).‎

‎Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1844. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 3. 512 pp. a. 7 folded engraved plates. Small stamp to verso of plates. (The entire volume offered). Henry's papers: pp. 394-436 a. 1 folded engraved plate (showing Henry's experimental apparatus). Internally clean.‎

‎First French version of these pioneering papers on electro-magnetic induction in which Henry carried out his program of determining the relationship of static and dynamic electricity.‎

Bookseller reference : 49332

‎"HESS, V. F.‎

‎Uber Beobachtungen der durchdringenden Strahlung bei sieben Freiballonfahrten. - [THE DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS]‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1912. Royal8vo. Bound in two contemporary half cloth with white paper title label to spine. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"" Vol. 13, 1912. Library stamp to title pages. Otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 1084-91. [Entire volume 1: XXV, (1), 576 pp + XXII plates"" Pp. 577-1228 + XXXV plates.‎

‎First printing of Hess's paper in which the discovery of cosmic rays first was introduced. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936.At the start of the 1900's, French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered that certain elements are unstable, and would transmute into other elements, and in the process, emit what appeared to be particles. These ""particles"" were given the name ""radiation"", and the process itself referred to as ""radioactive decay.""To study the source of this background, Austrian physicist Victor. F. Hess made measurements of radiation levels at different altitudes with electroscopes aboard a balloon. The motivation for this study was to distance the electroscopes from radiation sources in the Earth. Hess went as high as 17,500 feet in his balloon without oxygen tanks. Surprisingly, he found that the radiation levels increased with altitude. Hess interpreted this result to mean that radiation is entering the atmosphere from outer space. He gave this phenomenon the name ""Cosmic Radiation"", which later evolved to ""Cosmic Rays"". Hess was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1936 for his discovery of cosmic rays""""Hess took up the problem stated by Wulf in 1911. He first verified the rate of absorption of gamma rays and then, with the help of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Aeroclub, made ten difficult and daring balloon ascensions, collecting data with improved instrumentation. He reached a height of 5,350 meters, with striking results. He was able to establish that to a height of approximately 150 meters above sea level, radiation decreased according to known laws, while at greater heights radiation increased steadily, following approximately the same laws. He found radiation at 5,000 meters to be several times greater than that at sea level, and also that radiation at all levels was the same night or day, and therefore not the result of the direct rays of the sun. He was thus able to conclude that the radiation he recorded at high altitudes entered the atmosphere from above and was, in fact, of cosmic origin. His results were verified in an extension of his experiments made by W. Kohlhörster in1913-Kohlhörster reached a height of 9,300 meters, and recorded radiation of twelve times that at sea level-but were not acknowledged by other physicists for a number of years. (""Cosmic rays"" were so named by R. A. Millikan in 1925.) In 1913 Hess himself equipped the meteorological station on Hoch Obir (2,141 meters) in Carinthia to accommodate further studies of cosmic radiation" these experiments, however, were brought to a halt by World War I.University, and the University of Innsbruck the Ernst Abbe prize of the Carl Zeiss Foundation (1932)" and the Austrian Medal for Science and Arts (1959). The most important honor, however, was the Nobel Prize in physics, which he shared with C.D. Anderson in 1936, on which occasion he lectured on ""Unsolved Problems in Physics: Tasks for the Immediate Future in Cosmic Ray Studies."" The discovery of cosmic radiation was one of the keys to the study of elementary particles in general, leading to the discovery of the positron, by Anderson in 1932, and of the ? meson by F. Neddermayer (in 1937)."" (DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 46932

‎"HERTZ, HEINRICH.‎

‎Ueber die Gleichgewicht schwimmender elastischer Platten.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1884. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Band XXII, No 7. With halftitle to vol. 24. (Entire issue 7) Pp. 305-464 a. 3 folded lithographed plates. Hertz's paper: pp. 449-455. Clean and fine. Halftitle with a small stamp.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper on the THEORY OF ELASTICITY.""At the beginning of 1883, Hertz again became interested in a problem of elasticity. Now it was the question of bending of an infinite plate floating in water and normally loaded at one point. He found that the plate deflects downward under the load but at a certain distance from the load deflection become negative. Then, at an increased distance, they again become positive, and so on. Thusthe surface is wavy, and the high of the waves rapidly diminishes with increase of the distance from the load. He arrived, in this way, at the paradoxical conclusion that a plate, heavier than water, can be made to flow by loading it at the center, The explanation is that due to bending the plate aquires the form of a shell and can press out more water than is equivalent to its own weight.""(Timoshenko ""History of the Strenght of Material"" p.349).‎

Bookseller reference : 43601