‎Physique‎

‎"HARTMANN, WERNER.‎

‎Elektrische Untersuchungen an oxydischen Halbleitern.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1936. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 102, 1936. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 709-733. [Entire volume: VIII, 793 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Hartmann's Ph.D. thesis on the electrical properties of oxide semiconductors.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49299

‎"HAWKING, S. W.‎

‎Occurrence of Singularities in Open Universes. - [STEPHEN HAWKING'S FIRST PUBLISHED PAPER]‎

‎(New York), American physical Society, 1965. Lex8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""Physical Review Letters"", Volume 15, No. 17, November 15, 1965. Small white paperlabel pasted on to top to back wrapper. Small blue line in ballpoint pen to back wrapper, not affecting text. A nice and clean copy externally as well as internally. P. 689. [Entire issue: Pp. 687-720].‎

‎Rare first appearance of Hawking's first published paper, published a year before his Ph.D. was approved. It signposted the beginning of the area of research in black holes and singularities in general. Shortly after the present paper was published, Hawking followed up with three other seminal papers, in which he applied the Penrose-singularity (that a gravitationally collapsing star will inevitably end in a space-time singularity) to the whole universe. This resulted in his famous conclusion that: ""Yes, a universe governed by the classical (i.e., nonquantum) general theory of relativity must necessarily have started in a space-time singularity"" (Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy).When Hawking began his graduate studies, there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe: the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes, Hawking applied the same thinking to the entire universe and during 1965, he wrote his thesis and the present paper on this topic. ""Hawking [in the present paper] realized that closed trapped surfaces, in its past version, will be present in any expanding Universe close to be spatially homogeneous and isotropic. This started a series of papers by him, Ellis, Geroch and others on the question of the inevitability of an initial singularity in our past if GR is assumed to hold and some reasonable conditions are met."" (Senovilla, The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem)‎

书商的参考编号 : 56150

‎"HAMILTON, WILLIAM ROWAN‎

‎Second Essay on a general Method in Dynamics. Received October 29, 1834, - Read January 15, 1835. (2 Memoirs).‎

‎London, Richard Taylor, 1834-35. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", 1835 - Part I. Titlepages to the volume present. (2),95-144. Both papers clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this groundbreaking paper in which Hamilton develops the whole of theoretical dynamics by the aid of one function only, his 'Characteristic' or 'Principal' Function. He applies his method to a case of planetary motion, using a system of canonical elements"" (Introduction, The Mathematical Paper of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, xiii). Hamilton then argues that the ""tool of the characteristic function could also be applied to reformulate the fundamental laws of dynamics"" thus the actual motion of mass point in a field of forces, e.g., is found to be governed by equations that are the analogues of those determining the propagation of the rays of light. Hamilton's optical-mechanical analogy, not only provided a new and more powerful formulation of classical mechanics but also, came to form the foundation of the Schrödinger scheme of quantum mechanics, e.g., wave mechanics. "" (Mehra The Historical Development of Quantum Theory)‎

书商的参考编号 : 54346

‎"HALLWACHS, WILHELM. - THE ""HALLWACHS EFFECT""‎

‎Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes auf electrostatisch geladene Körper.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1888. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 33, 2. Heft (= No 2). Titlepage to vol. 33. Smal stamps to verso of title and titlepage. Pp. 241-416 a. 1 plate (entire issue offered ""Heft"" 2). Hallwach's paper: pp. 301-312. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer paper in the history of the PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, as Hallwachs here for the first time showed that metals lose their negative charges under the action of ultraviolet radiation and becomes positive charged. The earliest speculations of the nature of the effect predates the discovery of the electron in 1897 by J.J. Thomson.""This process, which is called the photoelectric effect or Hallwachs effect, forms the basis for the physics of the photoelectric cell and was theoretically interpreted by Einstein in 1905 in Einstein's work on light quanta.""(DSB VI, p.74).""On the basis of his heuristic principle, Einstein proposed the following 'simplest picture' for the photoeffect. A light-quantum gives all its energy to a single electron, and the energy transfer by one light-quantum is independent of the presence of other light-quanta....and he gave several other applications of his heuristic principle...""(Pais in ""Subtle is the Lord"" pp. 380-81).Magie ""A Source Book in Physics"", pp. 578 ff.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43537

‎"HASENÖHRL, FRIEDRICH.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Strahlung in bewegten Körpern. Berichtigung.‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius, 1905. 8vo. In full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Fourth series, No. 16, 1905. Entire issue offered. Library labels pasted on to front end-papers and stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 589-93. [Entire volume: VIII, 960 pp + 6 folded plates].‎

‎First appearance of Hasenöhrl important paper on inertia of a cavity containing radiation. Since J. J. Thomson in 1881, many physicists like Wilhelm Wien (1900), Max Abraham (1902), and Hendrik Lorentz (1904) used equations for the so-called ""electromagnetic mass"", which expresses how much electromagnetic energy contributes to the mass of bodies. And Henri Poincaré (1900) implicitly used the expression m=E/c2 for the mass of electromagnetic energy.""When Hasenöhrl returned to Vienna he wrote the series of papers for which he is best known, on electromagnetic radiation. of these the most important is the prizewinning essay on the effects of radiant energy within a moving cavity.2Using classical theory he showed that the trapped radiation increases the kinetic energy of the motion, the effect being equivalent to an increase in the apparent mass of the cavity.In his formula h?0 is the total radiant energy in the cavity and c is the velocity of light. Like other similar anticipations, this result was displaced by Einstein's more general theorem on the equivalence of mass and energy."" (DSB)‎

书商的参考编号 : 50920

‎"HAHN. O. & STRASSMANN, F.‎

‎Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle (+) Nachweis der Entstehung aktiver Bariumisotope aus Uran und Thorium durch Neutronenbestrahlung (+) Nachweis weiterer aktiver Bruch... - [DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1939. Royal8vo. Bound in later gray half cloth with marbled boards and gilt lettering to spine. In ""Naturwissenschaften"", Vol. 27, 1939. A very fine and clean copy.‎

‎First printing of these seminal papers which constitutes the first announcement of nuclear fission. The formulations in these papers are rather cautious and obviously the authors were not in possession of an explanation for the phenomena which they had observed.At this point Lise Meitner was no longer at the University of Berlin. Due to here jewish background she was forced to give up here position and she fled to Denmark. However" Hahn continued to communicate with here and reported his and Strassmann's results. Together with here nephew Otto Frisch she was able to give a physical explanation for the phenomena using the 'liquid drop model' of the atomic nuclear which had recently been developed by Niels Bohr. Meitner and Frisch submitted their paper to 'Nature' on the 16th January [3rd paper offered, the issue was published the 11th February 1939]. Hahn and Strassmann most probably came into possession of Meitner and Frisch's theory before its publication since they submitted another paper the 28th January [the 2nd paper offered, the issue was published the 10th February 1939] in which they restated there results in more detail and stated the phenomena of fission with clear certainty.‎

书商的参考编号 : 47058

‎"HAHN. O. & STRASSMANN, F.‎

‎Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle (+) Nachweis der Entstehung aktiver Bariumisotope aus Uran und Thorium durch Neutronenbestrahlung (+) Nachweis weiterer aktiver Bruch... - [DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1939. Royal8vo. Bound in later gray half cloth with marbled boards and gilt lettering to spine. In ""Naturwissenschaften"", Vol. 27, 1939. A very fine and clean copy.‎

‎"HALLWACHS, WILHELM.‎

‎Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes auf electrostatisch geladene Körper. - [THE HALLWACHS EFFECT]‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1888. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 33.‎

‎"HALPERN, L. (+) B. LAURENT.‎

‎On the Gravitational Radiation of Microscopic System.‎

‎[No place], 1963. 8vo. Without wrappers [as issued]. Offprint, seperately paginated, from ""Il Nuovo Cimento"", Serie X, Vol. 33. Very fine andl clean. 24 pp.‎

‎"HAMILTON, WILLIAM ROWAN‎

‎Second Essay on a general Method in Dynamics. Received October 29, 1834, - Read January 15, 1835. (2 Memoirs).‎

‎London, Richard Taylor, 1834-35. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", 1835 - Part I. Titlepages to the volume present. (2),95-144. Both papers clean and fine.‎

‎"HARTMANN, WERNER.‎

‎Elektrische Untersuchungen an oxydischen Halbleitern.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1936. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 102, 1936. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 709-733. [Entire volume: VIII, 793 pp.].‎

‎"HASENÖHRL, FRIEDRICH.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Strahlung in bewegten Körpern. Berichtigung.‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius, 1905. 8vo. In full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Fourth series, No. 16, 1905. Entire issue offered. Library labels pasted on to front end-papers and stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 589-93. [Entire volume: VIII, 960 pp + 6 folded plates].‎

‎"HAWKING, S. W.‎

‎Occurrence of Singularities in Open Universes. - [STEPHEN HAWKING'S FIRST PUBLISHED PAPER]‎

‎(New York), American physical Society, 1965. Lex8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""Physical Review Letters"", Volume 15, No. 17, November 15, 1965. Small white paperlabel pasted on to top to back wrapper. Small blue line in ballpoint pen to back wrapper, not affecting text. A nice and clean copy externally as well as internally. P. 689. [Entire issue: Pp. 687-720].‎

‎"HERAPATH, JOHN - THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.‎

‎A Mathematical Inquiry into the Causes, Laws, and principal Phaenomena of heat, Gases, Gravitation, &c. (3 Parts).‎

‎London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1821. Contemp. Hcalf. Minor scratches to spine. In: ""Annals of Philosophy"" or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural History... By Thomas Thomson."", New series Vol. I. VIII,479 pp. a. 7 engraved plates. (Entire volumes offered). Herapath's papers: pp. 273-293, 340-351 a. 401-416.‎

‎First printing of these contoversial papers where Herapath revived the kinetic theory of gases. His theory was more or less neglected by the scientific community at his time. The kinetic theory remained dormant and forgotten after Euler's and Bernouilli's work ""until 1816, when Herapath proposed a theory which is essential Bernoulli's. Unfortunately he chose to define temperature as being proportional to the momentum rather than the kinetic energy of molecules. Herapath was the first to show, more or less, that kinetic theory can provide simple explanations for the changes of state, diffusion, and the propagation of sound.""(Trousdell ""Essayas in the History of Mechanics"", pp. 283 ff.).‎

书商的参考编号 : 59163

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER.‎

‎Bermerkung zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons (+) Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons. - [EULER-HEISENBERG LAGRANGIAN]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1934 & 1936. 8vo. In two contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 90, 1934 & Bd. 98, 1936. Entire volumes offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine. Pp. 209-23" Pp. 714-32. [Entire volume: VIII, 835 pp." VIII, 794 pp.].‎

‎First appearance of Heisenberg and Euler's important papers in which they were the first to be able to show that Paul Dirac's introduction of the positron opens the possibility that photons in electron-positron pair production scatter with each other. Here they also presented the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian which describes the non-linear dynamics of electromagnetic fields in vacuum. It takes into account vacuum polarization to one loop, and it is valid for electromagnetic fields that change slowly compared to the inverse electron mass. ""Heisenberg preferred to continue the search for a consistent quantum physics, much of which was pursued by his assistant Hans Euler discovered that nonlinear interactions in positron theory, which yielded photonphoton scattering, could be represented by treating the electron as possessing a minimum size, below which the interferences predominated."" (DSB).Cassidy 1934a, 1936a.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49191

‎"HENRY, JOSEPH.‎

‎Contributions to Electricity and Magnetism. On Electro-Dynamic Induction.‎

‎New Haven, Maltby and Noyes, 1840. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. In: The American Journal of Science and Arts. Conducted by Benjamin Silliman"", Vol. 38. VI,(2),416 pp. (Entire volume offered). Henry's paper:pp. 209-243, many textllustrations in woodcut. A few leaves with brownspots.‎

‎This is Henry's importent third ""Contribution"" on the dynamic induction experiments, carrying out his program of determining the relationship of static and dynamic electricity. He independently of Faraday discovered electr-magnetic inductuion in 1831. The paper was first printed in ""Transactions of the American Philosophical Society"", 1839.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48222

‎"HELMHOLTZ, HERMANN Von. - THE RESOLUTION LIMIT OF THE MICROSCOPE.‎

‎Die theoretische Grenze für die Leistungsfähigkeit der Mikroskope. (The Theoretical Limit of the Efficiency of Microscopes).‎

‎Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1874. Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Jubelband. With titlepage to ""Jubelband"". Titlepage with a stamp. Pp. 557-584‎

‎First appearance of a fundamental paper in modern optics in which Helmholtz published his discovery of the resolution limit of the microscope. He found that the limit for the difference of magnitude that we are able to distinguish plainly is in general found equal to half the wave-lenght of theparticular light employed. A further increase in optical power beyond that of the best modern instruments does not therefore seem possible.‎

书商的参考编号 : 45923

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER.‎

‎Die 'beobachtbaren' Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen (+) Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II. - [THE DISCOVERY OF S-MATRIX]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1943. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 120, 1943. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's two seminal paper on the scattering matrix, or S-matrix. """"S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's"" (DSB). These papers are ranked by David Cassidy as being amoung his most important.""The outbreak of world war in September 1939 profoundly affected Heisenberg and his career. Still of military age, he was ordered to report to the Army We apons Bureau (Heereswaffenamt) in Berlin. There the authorities asked him and other leading German nuclear physicists to investigate whether nuclear fission, discovered in Berlin a year earlier, could be used for large-scale energy production. Within two months Heisenberg completed a comprehensive report on the theory of chain reactions and their uses, including their use in an atomic bomb. Thereport made Heisenberg the leading specialist on nuclear energy in Germany.In order to continue the promising research, the Army Weapons Bureau designated the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin the center of German fission research. After the departure of the institute's Dutchdirector, peter Debye, who chose emigration over German citizenship, Heisenberg was named adviser, and later acting director, of the institute and its nuclear research. At the same time, Heisenberg supervised preliminary reactor experiments in Leipzig. He also continued with high-energy interactions. In papers written between 1942 and 1944, Heisenberg developed a theory of particle collisions based, as in 1925, only upon the observable properties of the colliding particles. Theresulting ""S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's but renormalized field theories eventually found more followers."" (DSB)Cassidy 1943a, 1943b‎

书商的参考编号 : 49168

‎"HEISENBERG, W.‎

‎Die Selbstenergie des Elektrons.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 65, 1930. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 4-13. [Entire volume: VIII, 876 pp.].‎

‎First printing. Cassidy 1930b‎

书商的参考编号 : 49389

‎"HERTZ, H. (HEINRICH RUDOLF).‎

‎Die Kräfte electrischer Schwingungen, behandelt nach der Maxwell'schen Theorie.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1889. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 36, 1. Heft. Pp.1-272 a. 2 folded plates. (Entire issue offered). Hertz's paper: pp. 1-22. The first leaves loose.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper as it is a continuation of his groundbreaking paper ""Ueber sehr schnelle electrische Schwingungen"", 1887.‎

书商的参考编号 : 45453

‎"HERSCHEL, J.F.W. (JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM). - THE ""HERSCHEL CONDITION"" INTRODUCED.‎

‎On the aberration of compound lenses and object-glasses. Read March 22, 1821.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and W. Nicol, 1821. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1821 - Part I. With titlepage to Part I. Pp. 222-267 a. 1 engraved plate. Verso of titlepage with 2 stamps.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in optical theory in which Herschel described how to free lenses from the aberration for two axis points, one of which is infinitely distant. It is known as Herschel's condition. ""Sir John Herschel gave the condition which must be satisfied in order that a symmetrical optical system, free from spherical aberration for two conjugate axial points, may also be free from spherical aberration for two neighbouring and conjugate points upon the axis of the system" but Herschel's condition applies only to first order aberration, i.e. to aberration depending upon the cube of the inclination of the ray to the axis. Abbe shewed, later, that this condition could be included in a wider result, viz. that the spherical aberration, supposed zero, is stationary for axial variations provided that the incident and emergent rays for two conjugate axial points, associated with modified magnification m, satisfy the relation. (G.C. Stewart)‎

书商的参考编号 : 46100

‎"HENRY, JOSEPH - HENRY'S ALBANY MAGNET.‎

‎On the application of the principle of the galvanic multiplier to electromagnetic apparatus, and also to the development of great magnetic power in soft Iron, with a small galvanic element.‎

‎New Haven, Hezekiah Howe and A.H. Maltby, 1831. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt, tome-and titlelabels with gilt lettering. Light wear along edgaes and top of spine. In: ""The American Journal of Science and Arts. Conducted by Benjamin Silliman"", Vol. XIX. Engraved frontispiece. VIII,404 pp., 4 engraved plates (1 handcoloured, brownspotted). Henry's paper: pp. 400-408, one textillustr.‎

‎First edition of Henry's importent paper in which he described the function and construction of the Albany-Magnet, probably the most powerfull magnet ever constructed (at the time).From his ""experiments Henry discovered that if a cell of a single pair of electrodes is to be used with a given magnet, the magnet should be wound with several coils of wire in parallel"" on the other hand, if a battery of many cells is to be used, the magnet winding should form a single long wire. Henry was the first person to understand this idea. It later became a fundamental basis for much of electrical technology, and, in particular, made Samuel F. B. Morse's telegraph feasible.Applying this principle (together with the valuable but less easily described practical skill in magnet-making he had acquired in the course of his experiments), Henry, with the assistance of a colleague, Philip Ten Eyck, went on to build a 21-pound ""experimental magnet on a large scale."" With a modest battery, this ""Albany magnet"" supported 750 pounds, making it, Henry claimed, ""probably, therefore, the most powerful magnet ever constructed."" Quickly he wrote a paper describing these experiments and his magnet-winding principle, and sent it off to Benjamin Silliman, Professor of Chemistry and Natural History at Yale College and editor of the American Journal of Science, a widely read and influential publication. Silliman readily accepted what he called Henry's ""highly important & interesting paper"" and published it in the issue of January, 1831 (the paper offered)."" (Roger Sherman).‎

书商的参考编号 : 47029

‎"HERSCHEL, J. F. W.‎

‎On certain remarkable Instances of deviation from Newton's Scale in the Tints developed by Crystals, with one Axis of Double Refraction, on exposure to Polarized Light.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1833. 4to. As extracted, in ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", volume 4. Fine and clean. Pp. (21)-87.‎

‎First edition.‎

书商的参考编号 : 54761

‎"HERSCHEL, WILLIAM.‎

‎On the Ring of Saturn, and the Rotation of the fifth Satellite upon its Axis. Read December 15, 1791 (+) Miscellaneous Observations. Account of a Comet. Read December 22, 1791.‎

‎London, Peter Elmsly, 1792. 4to. In recent marbled paper wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"". Including title-page of volume. Leaves reinforced in margin. (2), iii-vi, (2), 28 pp. + 1 folded plate.‎

‎First edition of Herschel's important paper on his observations of the rings of Saturn. ""Saturn exercised a special fascination for Herschel, and between 1789 and 1808 he devoted seven papers and part of an eighth to the planet, its ring, and its satellites.On 19 August 1787 Herschel suspected he had found a sixth and previously unknown satellite, but he was not able to confirm this until 28 August 1789, when his forty-foot telescope came into commission. A few days later he found a seventh satellite. For some months he carefully tracked the satellites, establishing for Mimas and Enceladus periods within seconds of the modern values, and giving evidence to show that Iapetus rotates in its period of revolution.He also made careful observations of the rings, which he believed to be solid. As the earth happened to be in the plane of the ring structure at the time, he compared the thickness of the ring when seen edge-on with the diameter of Jupiter's satellites"" and although his estimate exceeds modern values, his method showed that the thickness did not exceed a few hundred miles."" (DSB)‎

书商的参考编号 : 56996

‎"HERZOG, R. O. (+) WILLI JANCKE.‎

‎Roentgenspektrographische Beobactungen an Zellulose.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1920. 8vo. In comtemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 3. Entire volume offered. Stamp to title page. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 196-99. [Entire volume: IV, 476 pp.].‎

‎First appearance of Herzog and his assistant Jancke's paper in which they analysed the analysed patterns from pulverized cellulose.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49487