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‎"TAMM, IG. (+) S. SCHUBIN.‎

‎Zur Theorie des Photoeffektes an Metallen. - [THE THEORY OF PHOTOELECTRICITY]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1931. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 68, 1931. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 97-113. [Entire volume: VIII, 845 pp.].‎

‎"TAMM, IG. (+) S. SCHUBIN.‎

‎Zur Theorie des Photoeffektes an Metallen. - [THE THEORY OF PHOTOELECTRICITY]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1931. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 68, 1931. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 97-113. [Entire volume: VIII, 845 pp.].‎

‎"THE MAGNETRON ISSUE - FISK, J. B. (+) H. D. HAGSTRUM (+) P. L. HARTMAN.‎

‎The Magnetron as a Generator of Centimeter Waves. Developments at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1940-1945. - [THE MAGNETRON ISSUE]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1946. 8vo. Volume XXV, Number 2, April 1946 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". Entire volume offered. In the original printed blue wrappers. With previous owner's name to front wrapper. Sunning to spine and margins of front wrapper. Back wrapper loose. An overall nice and clean copy. Pp. (4), 167-349.‎

‎First printing of Bell Labs Magnetron issue. The Magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that through a stream of electrons in a magnetic field generates microwaves. This reduced the size of radar sets which made it possible to install them in anti-submarine aircrafts and escort ships. This had a profound influence on the warfare during WWII. Today magnetrons are commonly used in microwave ovens and in various radar applications.""The studies of Fisk, H. D. Hagstrum, and P. L. Hartman [the present paper] increased the understanding of the role that the various possible modes of oscillation played in magnetron operation and the effect of the wire straps - which later evolved into two pair of concentric copper rings."" (Millman, S. A History of Engineering & Science in the Bell System, 1984, p. 173).‎

Bookseller reference : 43511

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‎"THE MAGNETRON ISSUE - FISK, J. B. (+) H. D. HAGSTRUM (+) P. L. HARTMAN.‎

‎The Magnetron as a Generator of Centimeter Waves. Developments at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1940-1945. - [THE MAGNETRON ISSUE]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1946. 8vo. Volume XXV, Number 2, April 1946 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". Entire volume offered. In the original printed blue wrappers. With previous owner's name to front wrapper. Sunning to spine and margins of front wrapper. Back wrapper loose. An overall nice and clean copy. Pp. (4), 167-349.‎

‎"THE VOLTAIC PILE INVESTIGATED. - FOUNDATION OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY.‎

‎Collection of 10 papers relatiing to Volta's construction of the Voltaic Pile and its chemical and physical effects.‎

‎Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1801. Contemp. hcalf., Raised bands, gilt spine. Slightly rubbed. ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 8. (8),504 pp. a. 6 folded engraved plates, showing various set ups of the pile (Böchmann, Davy, Arnim etc.). Small stamps on verso of titlepage. Some leaves with a faint dampstain in righ margins, but clean and fine.‎

‎In 1800 Volta published his famous paper ""On the Electricity excited by the mere Contact of Conducting Substances of different Kinds"" in the Philosophical Transactions. In the paper he described his famous ""Pile"", the first primary battery and the real foundation of electrochemistry. The pile completely revolutionized the theory and practice of electricity and immediately inspired a series of new electrolytic experiments, many of which is recorded here in the volume offerd.The volume contains a series of importent experiments with the pile:HUMPHREY DAVY ""Bemerkungen und Versuche über Oxydirung des Zinks...Ursach der Wirksamheit galvanischer Batterieen..."" (first German edition of three papers from Nicholson's Journal). Pp. 1-21. And ""Beobachtungen über die Gaserzeugung in den einzelnen Ketten galvanischer Batterien"", pp. 300-315 (also from Nicholson's Journal).P.L. SIMON ""Beschreibung eienr neuen galvanisch-chemischen Vorrichtung und ...merkwürd. Versuche..."", pp. 22-36.G.R. TREVIRANUS ""Ueber den Euinfluss ...Galvanismus auf die thierische Reichbarkeit."", pp. 44-68.C.W. BÖCKMANN ""Versuche und beobachtungen über die Wirkungen der galvanischen Electricität durch Volta's Säule., pp. 137-162. He here revised Volta's use of the terminal plates in the pile and showing the true form of the pile.L.A. von ARNIM ""Bemerkungen über Volta's Säule"", pp. 163-196, 257-284.ERMAN ""ueber die electroskopischen Phánomene der Voltaischen Säule"", pp. 197-215.W. GRUNER ""Einige merkwürdige Versuche mit Volta's Säule."", pp. 216-227.C.H. PFAFF ""Bemerkungen über dieselben Versuche"", pp. 228-232.EINHOF ""Versuche über die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Metalle mit Säuren in ihrer Verbindung zu Voltaischen Säule"", pp. 316-322.J.W. RITTER ""Versuche und Bemerkungen über den Galvanismus der Voltaischen Batterie. Dritter Brief"", pp. 385-473. He here proves that the poles of the pile were electrified.‎

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‎"THE VOLTAIC PILE INVESTIGATED. - FOUNDATION OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY.‎

‎Collection of 10 papers relatiing to Volta's construction of the Voltaic Pile and its chemical and physical effects.‎

‎Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1801. Contemp. hcalf., Raised bands, gilt spine. Slightly rubbed. ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 8. (8),504 pp. a. 6 folded engraved plates, showing various set ups of the pile (Böchmann, Davy, Arnim etc.). Small stamps on verso of titlepage. Some leaves with a faint dampstain in righ margins, but clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMAS, L. H. (LLEWELLYN). - THE THOMAS FACTOR.‎

‎The Kinematics of an Electron with an Axis.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1927. Contemp. full cloth. Stamped in blind on titlepage. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. III, Seventh Series. X,1360 pp., textillustr. and 19 plates. (Entire volume offered). Thomas' paper: pp. 1-22. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First printing - in full - of Thomas' paper on electron spin. The Thomas factor gives a correction to the spin-orbit interaction in quantum mechanics, which takes into account the relativistic time dilation between the electron and the nucleus of an atom.""In February 1926 the missing factor two was supplied (Nature vol. 117) by Llewellyn Thomas and has since been known as the Thomas factor. Thomas noted that earlier calculations of the precession of the electronic spin had been performed in the rest frame of the electron, without taking into account the precession of the electron orbit around its normal. Inclusion of this relativistic effect reduces the angular velocity of the electron (as seen by the nucleus) by the needed factor 1/2. Einstein was surprised. Pauli became converted."" (Pais ""Inward Bound"", p. 279).‎

Bookseller reference : 47242

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‎"THOMAS, L. H. (LLEWELLYN). - THE THOMAS FACTOR.‎

‎The Kinematics of an Electron with an Axis.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1927. Contemp. full cloth. Stamped in blind on titlepage. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. III, Seventh Series. X,1360 pp., textillustr. and 19 plates. (Entire volume offered). Thomas' paper: pp. 1-22. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, J. J.‎

‎Cathode Rays. - [THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON - PMM 386]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1897. 8vo. Bound uncut with the original printed wrappers in a new blue full cloth binding. With professional repair to Ffont wrapper. In ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Fifth Series"". No 269, October 1897. Entire issue offered. Front wrapper with repairs to inner margin, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 293-368 pp. [Entire issue: pp. 293-316].‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J.‎

‎Elektrizität und Materie. Autorisierte Übersetzung von G. Siebert.‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1904. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Small portion of backstrip lacks. VI,(2),100 pp.‎

‎First German edition of ""Electricity and Matter"" published in the same year, and one of Thomson's main works on the electron and the atom. Thomson recieved the Nobel prize in 1906. (Die Wissenschaft. Sammlung naturwissenschaftlicher und mathematischer Monographien, 3).‎

Bookseller reference : 31593

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‎"THOMSON, J.J.‎

‎Elektrizität und Materie. Autorisierte Übersetzung von G. Siebert.‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1904. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Small portion of backstrip lacks. VI,(2),100 pp.‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J.‎

‎Elemente der mathematischen Theorie der Elektricität und des Magnetismus. Aut.deutsche Ausg.von Gustav Wertheim.‎

‎Braunschweig, 1897. One corner of wrappers lacks. XIII,414 pp., 133 Illustr. - First German edition. In his work ""The Discharge of Electricity through Gases, 1898"" he calls his discovery of the electron a ""copuscle"".‎

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‎"THOMSON, J.J.‎

‎Elemente der mathematischen Theorie der Elektricität und des Magnetismus. Aut.deutsche Ausg.von Gustav Wertheim.‎

‎Braunschweig, 1897. One corner of wrappers lacks. XIII,414 pp., 133 Illustr. - First German edition. In his work ""The Discharge of Electricity through Gases, 1898"" he calls his discovery of the electron a ""copuscle"".‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN) & G.F.C. SEARLE.‎

‎A determination of ""v"", the Ratio of the Electromagnetic Unit of Electricity to the Electrostatic Unit. Received March 12, - Read March 27, 1890.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1891). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1890. Vol. 181 - A. Pp. 583-621, textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this paper of Thomsons second paper on the electrostatic unit of electricity, in which he corrects some of the imperfections in his first paper on the subject ""On the Determination of the Number of Electrostatic Units in the Electromagnetic Unit of Electricity"" published 1884.‎

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‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN) & G.F.C. SEARLE.‎

‎A determination of ""v"", the Ratio of the Electromagnetic Unit of Electricity to the Electrostatic Unit. Received March 12, - Read March 27, 1890.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1891). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1890. Vol. 181 - A. Pp. 583-621, textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN).‎

‎On some Applications of Dynamical Principles to Physical Phenomena. Received December 16, 1884, - Read January 8, 1885. (+) Some Applications of Dynamical Principles to Physical Phenomena. - Part II. Received March 31, - Read April 21, 1887. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1886 a. 1888). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1885. Vol. 176 - Part II. Pp. 307-342. + 1887. Vol. 178 - Series A. pp. 471-526.‎

‎First appearance of these importent papers, containing the ideas which was the foundations for his later developed theory of the electron theory of metals.""In a series of papers (the two papers offered), and a book..., Thomson illustrated how to guess at a term in the Lagrangian from a consideration of known phenomena and how, from the term once admitted, to deduca the existence and magnitudes of other effects. he also showed that a time-average of the Lagrangian could play a part of the entropy in certain problems usually handled by the second law of thermodynamics. One of his most importent contributions in this line, was the development of of the notion, perhaps original with him, that electricity flows in much the same way in metals as in electrolytes. He was to return to this idea in founding the electron theory of metals....‎

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‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN).‎

‎On some Applications of Dynamical Principles to Physical Phenomena. Received December 16, 1884, - Read January 8, 1885. (+) Some Applications of Dynamical Principles to Physical Phenomena. - Part II. Received March 31, - Read April 21, 1887. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1886 a. 1888). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1885. Vol. 176 - Part II. Pp. 307-342. + 1887. Vol. 178 - Series A. pp. 471-526.‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN).‎

‎On the Determination of the Number of Electrostatic Units in the Electromagnetic Unit of Electricity. Communicated by Lord Rayleigh. Received June 19, - Read June 21, 1883.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1884). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1883. Vol. 174 - Part II. Pp. 707-721, textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance (together with the 2 pp. extract in ""Proceedings"") of Thomsons first paper on the electrostatic unit of electricity.""In 1884 Lord Rayleigh,....resigned the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics. Thomson had by then completed a few imperfect bits of laboratory work, including a determination, at Rayleigh's suggestion, of the ratio of the electrostatic to the electromagnetic units of electricity (the paper offered). Rayleigh had intended to collaborate in this work which, apart from its imperfection, was typical of the Cavendish during this area" but Thomson, unaware of many of the pitfalls, ran away with the project, published hastily, and gave his collegues, including the Professor, to doubt that he had any future in experimental physics. With these credits and his mathematics, he competed for the chair" much to his surprise, and to the great annoyance of some of his competitors, who included Fitzgerald, Glazenbrook, Larmor, reynolds, and Schuster, he was elected.""(DSB XIII, p. 365).‎

Bookseller reference : 44056

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‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN).‎

‎On the Determination of the Number of Electrostatic Units in the Electromagnetic Unit of Electricity. Communicated by Lord Rayleigh. Received June 19, - Read June 21, 1883.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1884). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1883. Vol. 174 - Part II. Pp. 707-721, textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN). - THE ""VORTEX ATOM""‎

‎On the Vibrations of a Vortex Ring, and the Action upon each other of Two Vortices in a Perfect Fluid. Communicated by Lord Rayleigh. Received November 16, - Read December 8, 1881.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1883). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1883. Vol. 173 - Part II. Pp. 493-521, textillustrations. Fine and clean.‎

‎First appearance of Thomson's second paper on the Vortex Atom. In 1882 he had won a prize with the subject ""a general investigation of the action upon each other of two closed vortices in a perfect incompressible fluid""The first attempt to construct a physical model of an atom was made by Lord Kelvin in 1867. The main point was that in an ideal fluid, a vortex line is always composed of the same particles, it remains unbroken, so it is ring-like.""In fact, the investigations of vortices, trying to match their properties with those of atoms, led to a much better understanding of the hydrodynamics of vortices - the constancy of the circulation around a vortex, for example, is known as Kelvin's law. In 1882 another Thomson, J. J., won a prize for an essay on vortex atoms, and how they might interact chemically. After that, though, interest began to wane - Kelvin himself began to doubt that his model really had much to do with atoms, and when the electron was discovered by J. J. in 1897, and was clearly a component of all atoms, different kinds of non-vortex atomic models evolved.""(Michael Fowler).‎

Bookseller reference : 44058

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‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN). - THE ""VORTEX ATOM""‎

‎On the Vibrations of a Vortex Ring, and the Action upon each other of Two Vortices in a Perfect Fluid. Communicated by Lord Rayleigh. Received November 16, - Read December 8, 1881.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1883). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1883. Vol. 173 - Part II. Pp. 493-521, textillustrations. Fine and clean.‎

‎"THOMSON, THOMAS & WILLIAM HYDE WOLLASTON. - THE LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS CONFIRMED - THE FOUNDATIONS OF ATOMIC THEORY.‎

‎On Oxalic Acid. Read January 14th, 1808. (Thomson) (+) On Super-acid and Sub-acid Salts. Read January 28, 1808. (Wollaston). 2 Papers.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1808). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 63-95 (Thomson) and pp. 96-102 (Wollaston:). Clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎A Mathematical Theory of Magnetism. Received June 21, - Read Juni 21, 1849. (+) A Mathematical Theory of Magnetism. Continuation of Part I. Received June 20, - Read June 20, 1850. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 247-268 a. pp. 269-285.‎

‎First appearance of Lord Kelvin's most importent paper on magnetism.""In Paris, Joseph Liouville (1809-1882) encouraged Thomson's professional interest in Michael Faraday, whom Thomson knew and interacted with in London, by suggesting that the reconciliation of Faraday's electrostatic experimental results and the views of the French mathematicians, Ampère, Coulomb, Poisson, etc., could be a fertile field of mathematical endeavor. Intrigued by Liouville's suggestion Thomson wrote several papers over the next few years based on Faraday's experimental results, including: On a Mechanical Representation of Electric, Magnetic and Galvanic Forces (1847). On the Mathematical Theory of Electricity (1848). On the Mathematical Theory of Magnetism (1851). (The paper offered).After receiving Maxwell's request for guidance, Thomson shared with him the challenge presented by interpreting Faraday's written experimental results using mathematical formalism. Faraday's work on electricity and magnetism intrigued Maxwell and he began his research by reading Thomson's papers on the subject.""(Alan T. Williams).‎

Bookseller reference : 44046

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‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎A Mathematical Theory of Magnetism. Received June 21, - Read Juni 21, 1849. (+) A Mathematical Theory of Magnetism. Continuation of Part I. Received June 20, - Read June 20, 1850. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 247-268 a. pp. 269-285.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎Electrodynamic Qualities of Metals. - Part VII. Effects of Stress on the Magnetization of Iron, Nickel, and Cobolt. Received May 9, - Read May 23, 1878.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1880). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 1710 - Part I. Pp. 55-85, 12 plates and textillustrations.‎

‎First printing. In the paper Lord kelvin describes the effects of magnetization on different metals, reaching a notion of ""critical stress"".‎

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‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎Electrodynamic Qualities of Metals. - Part VII. Effects of Stress on the Magnetization of Iron, Nickel, and Cobolt. Received May 9, - Read May 23, 1878.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1880). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 1710 - Part I. Pp. 55-85, 12 plates and textillustrations.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎Elements of a Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. Received April 16, - Read April 24, 1856.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part II. Pp. 481-498.‎

‎First edition of an importent paper on the elasticity of materials. ""The most importent contributions made to physics by Thomson during the first years of his work at Glasgow were in the field of thermodynamics, buthe also obtained a considerable amount of experimental data in strenght of materials and in the theory of elasticity. The result were later used in the preparation of articles which appeared in the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica and they became widely read and greatly valued.""(Timoshenko p. 263).Lord Kelvin ""was generally looked upon as the founder of British physics. Together with helmholtz in germany, he had been the foremost figure in transforming - indeed, in creating - the science of physics as it was known in 1900.""(DSB XIII, p. 387).‎

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‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎Elements of a Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. Received April 16, - Read April 24, 1856.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part II. Pp. 481-498.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS). - A NEW THERMO-ELECTRIC EFFECT.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals. Received February 28, - Read February 28, 1856.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Vol. 146 - Part III. Pp. 649-751 a. 58 textillustr. of experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Lord kelvin's large account of his thermo-electric researches in which he found, that the Peltier-effect must be directly proportional to the absolute temperature in a circuit formed of two metals. ""This result, however, as Thomson well knew, was contradicted by the observations of Cumming, who had shown that when the temperature of the hot junction is gradually increased, the electromotive force rises to a maximum value and then decreases. The contradiction led Thomson to PREDICT THE EXISTANCE OF A HITHERTO UNRECOGNIZED THERMO-ELECTRIC PHENOMENON - namely, a reversible absorption of heat at places in the circuit other than the junctions.(Whittaker ""A History of the Theories of Aether & Electricity"", pp. 237-38).‎

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‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS). - A NEW THERMO-ELECTRIC EFFECT.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals. Received February 28, - Read February 28, 1856.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Vol. 146 - Part III. Pp. 649-751 a. 58 textillustr. of experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) & JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE. - THE JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT DISCOVERED.‎

‎On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion. Received June 15, - Read June 16, 1853.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1853) 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 143 - Part III. Pp. 357-365. Textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this highly importent paper in the development of thermodynamics, describing the experiments leading to the discovery of the cooling effect when a gas is allowed to expand freely. This is the founding theory, later used in refrigeration.""The only substantial contribution to thermodynamics to which the joint names of Joule and Thomson are attached belongs to an idea conceived by Thomson, who saw the possibility of analyzing the deviations of gas properties from the ideal behavior. In particular a non-ideal gas, made to expand slowly through a porous plug so as to approximate a specified mathematical condition - constant enthalpy), would in general undergo cooling (essentially a transformation of atomic motion into work spent against the interatomic attractions)....But the appliocation of the Joule-Thomson effect to technology of refrigeration belongs to a later stage in the development of thermodynamics.""(DSB VII, p. 182).The Joule-Thomson effect or Joule-Kelvin effect describes the increase or decrease in the temperature of a real gas (as differentiated from an ideal gas) or a liquid when allowed to expand freely through a valve or other throttling device while kept insulated so that no heat is transferred to or from the fluid, and no external mechanical work is extracted from the fluid. The Joule-Thomson effect is an isenthalpic process, meaning that the enthalpy of the fluid is constant (i.e., does not change) during the process. It is named for James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who established the effect in 1852, following earlier work by Joule on Joule expansion in which a gas expands at constant internal energy. The Joule-Thomson effect is sometimes referred to as the Joule-Kelvin effect. Engineers often refer to it as simply the J-T effect.‎

Bookseller reference : 42715

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‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) & JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE. - THE JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT DISCOVERED.‎

‎On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion. Received June 15, - Read June 16, 1853.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1853) 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 143 - Part III. Pp. 357-365. Textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) and J.P. JOULE. - THE JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT.‎

‎On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion. Part I-II (2 Papers).‎

‎London, Richard taylor and William Francis, 1853-54. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 143 and 1854, Vol. 144. With titlepages to vol. 143 a. 144. The papers: pp. 357-365 a. pp. 321-364, textillustrations. The first titlepage bears the name of P.G. Tait.‎

‎First printing of these importent papers in which the authors found the so-called Joule-Thomson effect which should be the founding technology in refrigeration. They showed that a gas expanding into vacuum without addition of external work undergo a change in temperature, in spite of the theoretical speculations. The temperature change occurs due to the internal work required to overcome the attractive forces between molecules.""The only substantial contribution to thermodnamics to which the joint names of Joule and Thomson, are attached belongs to an idea conceived by Thomson, who saw the possibility of analyzing the deviations of gas properties from the ideal behavior. In particular, a non-ideal gas, made to expand slowly through a porous plug (so as to approximate a specified mathematical condition—constant enthalpy), would in general undergo a cooling (essentially a transformation of atomic motion into work spent against the interatomic attractions). For the delicate test of this effect Thomson required Joule’s unsurpassed skill (1852). But the application of the Joule- Thomson effect to the technology of refrigeration belongs to a later stage in the development of thermodynamics.""(DSB).Peter Guthrie Tait (1831 - 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, best known for the seminal energy physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory, which contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline. His name is known in graph theory mainly for Tait's conjecture. (His name on the first titlepage).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1852 C.‎

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‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) and J.P. JOULE. - THE JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT.‎

‎On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion. Part I-II (2 Papers).‎

‎London, Richard taylor and William Francis, 1853-54. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 143 and 1854, Vol. 144. With titlepages to vol. 143 a. 144. The papers: pp. 357-365 a. pp. 321-364, textillustrations. The first titlepage bears the name of P.G. Tait.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM.‎

‎On the Mathematical Theory of Electricity in Equilibrium, On the Elementary Laws of Statical Electricity. - [ANTICIPATION OF THE QUADRANT ELECTROMETER THE PORTABLE ELECTROMETER, AND THE ABSOLUTE ELECTROMETER]‎

‎Cambridge, Macmillan and Co., 1846. 8vo. Bound with the original front wrapper in contemporary half calf with black and red title labels to spine with gilt lettering. In ""The Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal"", Vol. I [1], (Being Vol. V [5], of the Cambridge Mathematical Journal), 1846. Bookplate pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper and library code written in hand to lower part of spine. Library cards in the back. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 75-96. [Entire volume: IV, 288, VIII pp.].‎

‎First English translation (and first translation in general) with 'considerable additions' (as stated on p. 75) of Thomson's highly influential paper in which he for the very first time occupies himself with - and anticipates the invention of - the quadrant electrometer, the portable electrometer, and the absolute electrometer. ""When resident in Paris he published in Lionville's Journal a paper [first publication of the present], in which he examined the experiments and deductions of Sir. W. Snow-Harris. This investigator had made an experimental examination of the fundamental laws of Coulomb. Thomson showed by pointing out the defects of Harris' electrometer that the results, instead of disproving these laws, actually confirmed them, so far as they went, from this examination dates Thomson's interest in electrometers, which led to the invention of the quadrant electrometer, the portable electrometer, and the absolute electrometer. "" (Lectures on Ten British Physicists of the Nineteenth Century, P. 57).""Thomson's extensive contact with Liouville led him to think more deeply about electrical theory. Liouville had heard of Faraday's work in electrostatics, or at least of the aspects in which Faraday claimed to have found that electrical induction occurs in ""curved lines."" The conception seemed to conflict with the action-at-a-distance approach, and Liouville asked Thomson to write a paper clarifying the differences between Faraday on the one hand and Coulomb and Poisson on the other. This request prompted Thomson to bring together ideas he had been turning over in his mind during the previous three years.From Thomson's new point of view, both the French approach to electrical theory and that of Faraday should consist only of sets of mathematical propositions about the ""distribution of electricity"" on conducting bodies. Of Coulomb, who had never written like Poisson of the ""thickness"" of the electrical layer, Thomson said that he had ""expressed his theory in such a manner that it can only be attacked in the way of proving his experimental results to be inaccurate."" He did not, therefore, believe that Coulomb's approach would stand or fall with the fate of the electrical fluid.Of course, it may be wondered how Thomson could have employed the phrase ""distribution of electricity"" without believing that some hypothetical entity is implicated. He did not think so, however. Instead, by 1845 he was drawing a distinction between a ""physical hypothesis"" and an elementary mathematical law."" By a physical hypothesis he meant an assumption concerning the physical existence of an unobservable entity like the electrical fluid or Faraday's contiguous dielectric particles. By an elementary mathematical law he meant a statement that can be directly applied in experiments because its referents are phenomenal entities and mathematical propositions about them. For example, when it is a question of the ""distribution of electricity"" a phrase that might appear in an ""elementary mathematical law,"" the actual subject concerns the effects produced when a proof-plane is applied to a point of an electrified conductor. The measure of those effects is the twist given to the torsion-bearing thread of an electrometer. Coulomb's laws, therefore, and also those aspects of Poisson's mathematical development of them that do not depend upon the conception of electricity as a physical fluid, were thus actually concise, mathematical laws applicable to the results of such experiments. They were not hypotheses concerning the nature of electricity."" (DSB)‎

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‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM.‎

‎On the Mathematical Theory of Electricity in Equilibrium, On the Elementary Laws of Statical Electricity. - [ANTICIPATION OF THE QUADRANT ELECTROMETER THE PORTABLE ELECTROMETER, AND THE ABSOLUTE ELECTROMETER]‎

‎Cambridge, Macmillan and Co., 1846. 8vo. Bound with the original front wrapper in contemporary half calf with black and red title labels to spine with gilt lettering. In ""The Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal"", Vol. I [1], (Being Vol. V [5], of the Cambridge Mathematical Journal), 1846. Bookplate pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper and library code written in hand to lower part of spine. Library cards in the back. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 75-96. [Entire volume: IV, 288, VIII pp.].‎

‎"TINUS, W. C. (+) W. H. C. HIGGINS.‎

‎Early Fire-Control Radars for Naval Vessels.‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1946. 8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""The Bell System Technical Journal"", Volume XXV, Number 1, January, 1946. Entire issue offered. Previous owner's name to front wrapper. A very fine fine and clean copy. Pp. 1-46. [Entire issue: 166 pp.].‎

‎First printing. The focusing ability of a lens or mirror type antenna is directly related to its width in wavelengths of the radar wave. The wider the antenna is in wavelengths, the smaller the angle of the beam that contains 50% of the radiated energy. The smaller the angle of the beam, the farther the radar can see the target and the more precisely the angle of the target can be known. Nike tracking radars had an effective antenna width of about 150 wavelengths. (The antennas were actually physically a little larger, but there are edge effects which decrease the focusing effect of the edge areas.)‎

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‎"TINUS, W. C. (+) W. H. C. HIGGINS.‎

‎Early Fire-Control Radars for Naval Vessels.‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1946. 8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""The Bell System Technical Journal"", Volume XXV, Number 1, January, 1946. Entire issue offered. Previous owner's name to front wrapper. A very fine fine and clean copy. Pp. 1-46. [Entire issue: 166 pp.].‎

‎"TORREY, H. C.‎

‎Bloch Equations with Diffusion Terms. - [THE BLOCH-TORREY EQUATION]‎

‎Lancaster and New York, American Institute of Physics, 1956. Lex8vo. Volume 104, November 1, No. 3, 1956 of ""The Physical Review"", Second Series. In the original printed blue wrappers. A small stain to front wrapper, otherwise a very nice and clean copy. Pp. 975-980. [Entire issue: Pp. 933-1188].‎

‎First edition of the important paper in which the Bloch-Torrey equation is first described. H.C. Torrey showed mathematically how the Bloch equations, a set of macroscopic equations that are used to calculate the nuclear magnetization, would change with the addition of diffusion. Torrey modified Bloch's original description from 1946 of transverse magnetization to include diffusion terms and the application of a spatially varying gradient. Today the equation is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a method that produces images of biological tissues weighted with the local micro-structural characteristics of water diffusion. Diffusion tensor MRI can provide information about connections among brain regions.‎

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‎"TORREY, H. C.‎

‎Bloch Equations with Diffusion Terms. - [THE BLOCH-TORREY EQUATION]‎

‎Lancaster and New York, American Institute of Physics, 1956. Lex8vo. Volume 104, November 1, No. 3, 1956 of ""The Physical Review"", Second Series. In the original printed blue wrappers. A small stain to front wrapper, otherwise a very nice and clean copy. Pp. 975-980. [Entire issue: Pp. 933-1188].‎

‎"TOWNSEND, JOHN S.‎

‎Magnetization of Liquids. Communicated by J.J. Thomson. Received June 11, - Read June 18, 1896.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1897). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Year 1896, Volume 187 - Series A. Pp. 533-549, textillustr.‎

‎First appearance of one of Townsend's earliest papers. He is best known for his research on the kinetics of ions and electrons in gases in which he obtained importent results and discovered a new physical effect, The Townsend-Ramsauer effect.‎

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‎"TOWNSEND, JOHN S.‎

‎Magnetization of Liquids. Communicated by J.J. Thomson. Received June 11, - Read June 18, 1896.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1897). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Year 1896, Volume 187 - Series A. Pp. 533-549, textillustr.‎

‎"TSIOLKOVSKIJ, K(ONSTANTIN E(DUARDOVICH). - TSIOLKOVSKI, TSIOLKOVSKIY, TSIOLKOWSKY, CIOLKOWSKY, ZIOLKOWSKY, TZIOLKOWSKY.‎

‎Zvjezdoplavatjeljam (Russian). (To the Astronauts). - [THE POSSIBILITIES OF SPACEFLIGHT]‎

‎Kaluga, 1930. Small 8vo. (15 x 10,5 cm). Original printed wrappers. Completely fine and fresh. 31, (1) pp.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN.‎

‎On the physical Basis of Solar Chemistry.‎

‎(London), 1861. No wrappers as issued, uncut and unopened. Offprint from ""Royal Institution of Great Britain. Weekly Evening Meeting, June 7, 1861"" 10 pp.‎

‎First edition in the off-print issue. Tynfdall's investigations into the effects of solar and heatradiation from the sun was an area in which he made his major contributions to meteorology and physics.‎

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‎"TYNDALL, JOHN.‎

‎On the physical Basis of Solar Chemistry.‎

‎(London), 1861. No wrappers as issued, uncut and unopened. Offprint from ""Royal Institution of Great Britain. Weekly Evening Meeting, June 7, 1861"" 10 pp.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gaseous and Liquid Matter. - Fourth Memoir. Received June 18, Read June 18, 1863.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1864 - Vol. 154 - Part II. Pp. 201-225., textillustrations.‎

‎First printing of a pioneer work in the investigation of the manner in which different gases and liquids conduct heat, and the high absorptive and radiative power of aqueous vapor.""In 1859, Tyndall began the importent series on ""Radiant Heat..."", for which he received the Rumford Medal in 1869 and produced his classic work, Heat considered as a Mode of Motion (1863). (Bibliotheca Mechanica). - See Milestones of Science No 191.‎

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‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gaseous and Liquid Matter. - Fourth Memoir. Received June 18, Read June 18, 1863.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1864 - Vol. 154 - Part II. Pp. 201-225., textillustrations.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎Sixth Memoir on Radiation and Absorption. - Influence of Colour and Mechanical Condition on Radiant Heat. Received December 21, 1865 - Read January 18, 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1866 - Vol. 156 - Part I. Pp. 83-96. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of a pioneer work in the investigation of the manner in which different substances conduct and absorps heat.""In 1859, Tyndall began the importent series on ""Radiant Heat..."", for which he received the Rumford Medal in 1869 and produced his classic work, Heat considered as a Mode of Motion (1863). (Bibliotheca Mechanica). - See Milestones of Science No 191.‎

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‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎Sixth Memoir on Radiation and Absorption. - Influence of Colour and Mechanical Condition on Radiant Heat. Received December 21, 1865 - Read January 18, 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1866 - Vol. 156 - Part I. Pp. 83-96. Clean and fine.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - Contributions to Molecular Physics. - Being the Fifth Memoir of Researches on Radiant Heat. Received March 17,- Read March 17, 1864.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1864 - Vol. 154 - Part II. Pp. 327-368, textillustr. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of a pioneer work in the investigation of the manner in which different gases and liquids conduct heat, and the high absorptive and radiative power of aqueous vapor. The two textillustrations shows his experimental equipment.Prior to Tyndall it was widely surmised that the Earth's atmosphere has a Greenhouse Effect, but he was first to prove it. The proof was that water vapor strongly absorbed infrared radiation.""In 1859, Tyndall began the importent series on ""Radiant Heat..."", for which he received the Rumford Medal in 1869 and produced his classic work, Heat considered as a Mode of Motion (1863). (Bibliotheca Mechanica). - See Milestones of Science No 191.‎

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