‎Thé‎

‎"LAPLACE, PIERRE-SIMONE. - THE SHORT-RANGE FORCES.‎

‎Theorie der Kraft. 1.-4 Haupttheil. (1. Welche in den Haarröhren und bei ähnlichen Erscheinungen wirkt. - 2. Die Wirkung der Haaröhren-Kraft auf eine neue Art Betrachtet. - 3. Theorie des Anziehens und Abstossens schwimmender Körper, der Adhäsion eine...‎

‎Leipzig, Joh. Ambrosius Barth, 1809. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine, raised bands. Very slightly rubbed. In ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 33. (Entire volume offered). (12),452 pp. and 4 folded engraved plates. Internally clean and fine. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. Laplace's papers: pp. 1-114, pp. 141-182, pp. 273-293, pp. 293-338 a. pp. 373-394.‎

‎First German edition of Laplace's groundbreeking papers on the ""Short-range Forces"" i.e. capillary action, cohesion of solids, chemical reactions etc., where Laplace makes a major contribution to the mathematization of the subject. The papers are his first contributions to mathematical physics, and appeared as supplements to Book X of the fourth volume of his ""Traité de mécanique céleste"".""The importence, for Laplace's theory, of the shortrange character of the molecular forces cannot be overstressed. Small terms involving the square of the distance were repeatedly ignored, and it is no coincidence that in his concluding remarks to the second supplement Laplace reiterated his belief in the idntity of the forces at work in optical refraction, capillary action, and chemical reactions. In accordance with his belief that capillarity is a consequence of intermolecular action at a distance (albeit a very small distance), he tried to determine the relativemagnitude of the attractive force between the particles composing the liquid (F1) and the force between the particles of liquid and those of the tube (F2).... experiments, performed at Laplace's request, by Gay-Lussac, Haüy, and Jean-Lois Trémary...gave the theory added plausibility, as Laplace himself was always ready to observe"" and they certainly helped it to survive the criticism of Laplace's only contemporary rival in the treatment of capillarity, Thomas Young.""(DSB XV, Suppl. I, pp. 358 ff.).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 44066

‎"LAUE, MAX von - AN EXPERIMENTAL PROOF OF THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY.‎

‎Die Mitführung des Lichtes durch bewegte Körpernach dem Relativitätsprincip. + Zur Cohnschen Elektrodynamik.‎

‎Leipzig, Barth, 1907. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Bd. 23. Pp. 989-990 a. pp. 991-996. The leaves is punched in inner margins after cords. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of Laue's importent paper in which he gives an experimental proof of the non-addition and non-subtraction phenomena in respect of the velocity of light. - Laue was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1914.""Einstein’s special theory of relativity dispensed with the addition or subtraction of the velocities, hitherto assumed to be self-evident, and applied instead a special ""addition theorem."" In 1907 Laue demonstrated that this theorem readily yields Fizeau’s formula with the previously enigmatic Fresnel drag coefficient: u = c/n ± v(1 - 1/n2). Laue thereby furnished Einstein’s theory with an important experimental proof, which, along with the Michelson-Morley experiment and arguments from group theory, contributed to early acceptance of the theory. Having thus proved himself an expert in relativity theory, in 1910 Laue wrote the first monograph on the subject. He expanded it in 1919 with a second volume on the general theory of relativity"" the work went through several editions.""(DSB).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 44822

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - INTRODUCING THE ""NUCLEUS THEORY"" IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Recherches diverses de Chimie organique. (+) Suite des Recherches diverses de Chimie organique.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1836. Contemp. hcloth. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 66. 448 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire volume offered). Laurent's papers: pp. 136-213 a. pp. 314-335. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First printing of Laurent's long paper in which he tried to develope the rules of substitution into a chemical system oforganic compounds, the ""Nucleus theory"". Laurent is considered one of the most importent chemists in the 18th centuryHis first theoretical efforts were largely taxonomic in character. He then began to develop a pictorial model based on atomistic representations as considered by earlier French crystallographers. Laurent’s ""nucleus theory"" or ""theory of derived radicals""located every substance at the intersection of two kinds of transformations: substitutions, which operate on the matter inside the fundamental radical and do not affect its general chemical behavior, and external modifications, which influence various chemical functions. (DSB).""In his studies of the derivatives of naphtalene, Laurent was impressed by the fact the the fundamental properties of these compounds remained, in spite of the various substitutions which took place in them. A certain nucleus seemed to impose its properties on all its derivatives. This nucleus theory was the basis for the unitary which was specifically formulated by Gerhardt.""(Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 345).The volume contains other notable papers by Regnault, D'Arcet, Chevreuil, Rose, Gay-Lussac and Carlo Matteucci's importent memoir ""Sur la Propagation du Courant Electriques dans les Liquides"", pp. 225-313.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 45079

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - THE NUCLEUS THEORY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.‎

‎Analyse du Spodumène de l'Arriège et de la Wichtyne. (+) Sur de nouveaux Chlorures et Bromures d'Hydrogéne carboné. (+) Sur la Nitronaphtalase, la Nitronaphtalèse et la Naphtalase. (+) Sur le Benzoyle et la Benzimide.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1835. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, tome 59. 446,(2) pp. (Entire volume offered). Some scattered brownspots. Laurent's papers: pp. 107-111, 196-220,376-397 a. 397-422.‎

‎First printing of these importent papers in the history of organic chemistry explaining the differences to Dumas' law of substitutions, and introducing a ""new type"" and what he calls ""fundamental and derived radicals"". The introduction of the ""Nucleus Theory"" was the basis for the unitary theory formulated by Gerhardt.""While studying the reactions of naphthalene and its compounds with the halogens and nitric acid, Laurent was from the start characteristically concerned with the construction of an explanatory theory that would account for these phenomena. Like most creative scientists, he generalized his solution to a specific problem through the imaginative use of analogy, leading to the elaboration of the first comprehensive theory adequate for dealing with the whole domain of contemporaneous organic chemistry."" (DSB).""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 49330

‎"LAVOISIER, ANTOINE-LAURENT ET AL. - THE SALPETRE COMMISSION.‎

‎Histoire de ce qui s'est passé relativement au Prix proposé sur la Formation du Salpêtre. (+) Recueil de Mémoires et de Pièces sur la Formation et la Fabrication du Salpêtre. (2 parts).‎

‎Paris, Moutard, 1786. 4to. Contemp. full sprinckled calf with 5 raised bands on spine. Richly gilt compartments, title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. A small nich to leather at middle of front hinge. A small tear to rear hinge at upper compartment. ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome XI. (4),198,682 pp. Wide-margined, fine and clean.‎

‎This collective work is the French Academy's monumental treatise on the chemistry and the production of Salpetre, a topic of great importence for the war-industry in making gunpowder. The volume contains papers by Macquer, Darcy, Lavoisier, Sage, Baumé, de la Rochefoucault, Clouer and an anonymous report on experiments made in England (CAVENDISH'S) on the composition of nitric acid....papers by Cornette, Thouvenel and Thouvenel, Le Lorgna, Gavinet and Chevrand, de Beunie, Romme, Clouet and Lavoisier, de Rochefoucault etc.(Partington III, p. 467 n).""The Regie des Poudres et Salpetres had the monopoly of refining salpetre from 1775 until it was suppressed during the Revolution. Until his retirement in 1791 the leading light in it was Lavoisier, who seems to have written its publications. - In 1775 the Academy offered a prize of 4000 livres for a process for procuring an abundant supply of salpetre,the announcement being written by Lavoisier. Altogether 66 papers were received and the prize was finally awarded in 1782 to the brothers Thouvenel, who gave a full account of nitre plantations. The material was published in 1786 in one volume by the Academy. In it Lavoisier describes 'Experiences sur la décomposition du nitre par le charbon' said to have been made in 1784...""(Partington III, pp. 466 ff.).""Peu de temps après que Lavoisier eut été nommé régisseur des poudres et salpêtres, il suggéra à Turgot, alors contrôleur général des finances, l'idée de charger l'Académie des sciences de décerner un prix au meilleur mémoire sur la formation du salpêtre. 'Académie nomma une commission dont Lavoisier fut le rapporteur " c'est lui qui examina tous les mémoires présentés au concours, en fit l'analyse, et, quand l'Académie publia en 1786 un volume contenant l'histoire du prix du salpêtre et les mémoires présentés au concours, c'est encore Lavoisier qui en fut le rédacteur. Ce volume fait partie du Recueil des mémoires de mathématiques et de physique présentés à l'Académie royale des sciences par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées (tome XI, contenant le Recueil des mémoires sur la formation et la fabrication du salpêtre, à Paris, de l'imprimerie Moutard, DCCLXXXVI). Sauf les mémoires des concurrents et un mémoire du duc de la Rochefoucault, ce volume est tout entier de la main de Lavoisier. Il est formé de deux parties la première est intitulée : Histoire de ce qui s'est passé relativement au prix proposé sur la formation du salpêtre " la seconde partie comprend les mémoires présentés au concours ainsi que des mémoires de Lavoisier et Clouet, un mémoire sans signature, mais qui appartient à Lavoisier (le manuscrit autographe a été conservé), le mémoire du duc de La Rochefoucault, et les expériences de Lavoisier sur la décomposition du nitre par le charbon.""‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 44923

‎"LE CHATELIER, HENRI LOUIS. - INVENTION OF THE PLATINUM THERMOCOUPLE.‎

‎Sur la variation produite par une élèvation de température, dans la force électromotrice des couples thermo-électriques.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1886. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 102, No 14. Pp. (783-) 834. (Entire issue offered). Le Chatelier's paper: pp. 819-822.‎

‎Firs printing of an importent paper in thermometry where he demonstrates that high temperatures could be precisely measured by way of a platinum wire in conjunction with a platinum-rhodium alloy wire.""It is to Henri Louis Le Chatelier th a t we owe the successful practical use of the platinum thermocouple which for many years was in fact known by his name. Among his many activities Le Chatelier was engaged in the study of silicates and cements and needed a reliable method of measuring high temperatures. In 1886 he reported to the Académie des Sciences an investigation on the use of thermocouples for this purpose in which he had tried to verify the parabolic relationships found by Professor T a i t between the electromotive force and the temperature of the hot junction, the cold junction being at 0°C. Using various metals and alloys against platinum, which he calibrated at the known melting points of lead, zinc, aluminium, silver, gold, copper and palladium, he obtainedresults that agreed with his calculations to within 20°C (11). He also came to the conclusion that of the various combinations he had used, platinum against 10 per cent rhodium-platinum gave the most consistent results."" (Donald McDonald and Leslie B. Hunt).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1885 P.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 49879

‎"LE VERRIER (LEVERRIER), URBAIN JEAN JOSEPH. - PREPARING FOR, PREDICTING AND CONFIRMING THE EXISTENCE OF NEPTUNE.‎

‎Premier Mémoire sur la théorie d'Uranus. (Séance 10 Novembre 1845). (+) Recherches sur les mouvements d'Uranus. (Séance du Lundi 1er Juin 1846). (+) Sur la planète qui produit les anomalies observées dans le mouvement d'Uranus. Détermination de ...‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1845 a. 1846. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 21, No 19, Vol. 22, No 22, Vol. 23, Nos 9, 14, 16 a. 17. (6 entire issues offered). Le verrier's papers: pp. 1050-1055 (No 19), pp. 907-919 (no 22), pp. 428-438 (No 9), pp. 657-659, 659-643, 676 (No 14), pp. 741, 741-754, 754 (No 16), pp. 798-799, 799-800 (No 17). With title-pages to vol. 21,22 a. 23. Titlepages with a small stamp in upper corner and a perforated stamp to lower margin. Light yellowing to title-pages, otherwise clean and fine on good paper.‎

‎First printing of Le Verrier's importent and famous papers, predicting and confirming the discovery of the Planet Neptune, including the ""preparatory"" paper, the first paper on the anomalities in the orbit of Uranus, the calculations on which eventually leading to his prediction and discovery of a new planet, Neptune the following year, 1846.""In 1846 John Cauch Adams... and Urban J. Leverrier... simultaneously and independently determined the location of a possible new planet... In 1845 he wrote of his findings of the mathematical location of a new planet to Sir George Bidell Airy,,, Because Adams was unknown, his letter was put aside. Meanwhile the same perturbations of Uranus had become of interest to Leverrier. On July 1(should be June !), 1846 he presented a paper ""Recherches sur les mouvements d'Uranus"" to the Academie des Sciences inParis. When Airy realized that Leverrier and Adams had reached the same conclusions, he hastened to suggest that a search be made for the newplanert. Shortly hereafter it was seen bur not recognized. About a week before it was found in England, it was discovered by Galle in Berlin on information supplied by Leverrier. Thus, the honour of the discovery, or even co-discovery of the new planet, Neptune, was lost to Adams and credited to Leverrier.... Adams paper was reade before the Royal Astronomical Society, November 13, 1846, and was published in 1847. (Milestones p. 40).Milestones of Science No 132. - Dibner No. 16.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 49635

‎"LE VERRIER, URBAIN JEAN JOSEPH. - PREDICTING THE EXISTENCE OF THE PLANET NEPTUN.‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1846. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 23, No 9 (entire issue offered). With htitle and titlepage to vol. 23. Pp. 425-484. Le Verrier's paper: pp. 428-438.‎

‎First printing of this important paper in the history of astronomy in which Le Verrier predicted the existence of a new planet, determining its orbit and the mass as well as its actual position, so that, by informing Dr. Galle the following month, where he should look for it in the sky. The same evning when Galle had received the letter, he found close to the position given by Le Verrier a strange body showing a small planetary disc, which was soon recognized as a new planet, known now as Neptune. Adams in England, independently made the same prediction.""Until 1846 there was no theory of Uranus that permitted its movements to be represented satisfactorily. In 1821 Bouvard had constructed tables that, abandoning the older positions, adhered very closely to recent observations. Yet twenty years later a discrepancy of two minutes had already been observed, and several astronomers suggested that it might result from the attraction of an unknown planet. In 1845 Arago presented the problem to Le Verrier, who began by establishing a precise theory of Uranus. He then demonstrated that its observed perturbations could not be explained as the effect of the actions of Jupiter and Saturn, whatever modifications might eventually be made in the values assigned to the masses of those planets. He began to search for signs of an unknown disturbing planet. Finally, in a third memoir on the subject, appearing on 31 August 1846, Le Verrier fixed the exact position of the unknown planet and gave its apparent diameter.""(DSB)‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 46890

‎"LEBESGUE, H. (HENRI LÉON) - REVOLUTIONIZING THE CALCULUS.‎

‎Sur une généralisation de l'intégrale dérfinie. Note de H. Lebesgue, présentée par M. Picard. (Séance du Lundi 29 Avril 1901).‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1901). 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 132, No 17. pp. (1013-) 1080. (Entire issue offered). Lebesgue's paper: pp. 1025-1028. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Lebesgue's seminal paper on the calculus, which generalized the Riemann integral.""Building on the work of others, including that of Emile Borel and Camille Jordan, Lebesgue formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and in his famous paper Sur une generalisation de l'integrale definie, which appeared in the Comptes Rendus on 29 April 1901 (the paper offered), he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral by extending the concept of the area below a curve to include many discontinuous functions. This generalisation of the Riemann integral revolutionised the integral calculus. Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions, based largely on the Riemann method of integration. There is a problem here, namely that a function which is not Riemann integrable may be represented as a uniformly bounded series of Riemann integrable functions. What made the new definition important was that Lebesgue was able to recognise in it an analytic tool capable of dealing with - and to a large extent overcoming - the numerous theoretical difficulties that had arisen in connection with Riemann's theory of integration.""‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 49675

‎"LECOQ de BOISBAUDRAN, PAUL ÈMILE. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT GALLIUM.‎

‎Caractéres chimique et spectroscopiques d'un nouveau métal, le Gallium, découvert dans une blende de la mine de Pierrefitte, vallée d'Argelès (Pyrénées). (Séance du Lundi 20 Septembre 1875). (+) Sur quelques propriétés dy gallium. (Séance du Lundi 6...‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 81, No 12 and No 23. Pp. (485-) 508 a. (1065-) 1148. (2 entire issues offered). Boisbaudran's papers: pp. 493-495 a. pp. 1100-1105.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Boisbaudran announced his discovery of Gallium, together with the first printing of the paper in which he, by a series of experiments proved that Gallium, the metal that he had discovered amd named in honour of France, is a true element. A larger paper on the discovery was published in 1877 in ""Annales de Chimie et Physique"". In 1879 Bausbaudran was awarded the Davy Medal for his discovery of Gallium. ""In 1875 Boisbaudran spectroscopically discovered a new element, gallium, which he found in zinc blende from a mine in Hautes-Pyrénées. Continuing his work in Wurtz’s laboratory in Paris, he was a able to obtain the free metal by electrolysis of a solution of the hydroxide in potassium hydroxide. Gallium, Boisbaudran realized, was the ""eka-aluminum"" predicted by Mendeleev, and was the first of Mendeleev’s predicted elements to be isolated. Boisbaudran’s finding thus provided valuable evidence for the validity of Mendeleev’s periodic classification of the elements.""(DSB).""Lecoq de Boisbaudran announced his discovery (by spectroscopic analysis) of the new element gallium. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence and had named it eka-aluminium. The discovery was made in the author's private laboratory, in a specimen of zinc blende from the Pierrefitte mine in the Angelès Valley in the Hautes Pyrénées. He describes how on the evening of 27 August 1875 he detected the existence of this new element, which he named ""gallium"" in honor of France (Gallia)... A month later he ""performed in Wurtz's laboratory in Paris....a series of experiments to prove that gallium...is a true element""(Weeks). he discusses how he eventually isloated small amounts of pure metallic gallium and determined its physical and chemical properties. The paper (the paper offered) first describes gallium compounds (e.g., ammonium gallium alum,, chloride, oxide, and sulphate).""(Roy G. Neville II, p. 29).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 47271

‎"LEGRAY, GUSTAVE. - THE INVENTION OF THE WAXED-PAPER PROCESS IN PHOTOGRAPHY.‎

‎Note sur un nouveau mode de préparation du papier photographique négatif. (Séance du Lundi 8 December 1851).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1851. 4to. Without wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 33, No 23. Pp. (631-) 648. (Entire issue offered). Legray's paper: pp. 643-644. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of a landmark paper in photography, introducing his invention of the waxed-paper process.""Gustave Legray brought photograpy on paper to its culmination in the 1850s with the waxed-paper process. A struggling young artist..., Legray abandoned painting for photography around 1848, and with the financial backing of the Comte de Briges opened a portrai studio on the top floor of the same house as the Bisson brothers, in the Madelaine district. His reputation, however, was made not in the field of portraiture but as an architectural and landscape photographer. He also taught photography and ""nearly all renowned photographers of the day have been his pupils"". Legray devoted a good deal of time to experiments and wrote a number of manuals. His invention of the waxed-paper proces dates to before 25 Febr. 1851, but the manipulation was not published until the following December (the paper offered)..... The wxed-paper process was far more than a modification of the calotype, as can be seen from the substances used in oidizing paper - rice water, sugar of milk, iodide of potassium, cyanide of potassium, fluoride of potassium (to which was later added white honey and the white of some egg). Sensitizing was done with an acid solution of nitrate of silver and development took place with gallic acid.... The process took its name from the fact that the paper was waxed before iodizing, instead of merely after exposure, to facilitate printing."" (Helmut E. R. K. Gernsheim).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 49595

‎"LEIBNIZ (LEIBNITZ), G.F. - CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS - JOHANN BERNOULLI - JACOB BERNOULLI ET AL. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE ""CATENARY CURVE"" , THE ""LOGARITHMIC CURVE"" AND THE ""POLAR COORDINATES"".‎

‎1. De Linea in quam Flexile se pondere proprio curvat, ejeuque usu insignia adinveniendi quotcunque medias proportionales & Logarithmos. - 2. De Solutionibus Problematis Catenarii vel Funicularis in Actis A. 1691, aliisque a Dn. I.B. propositis. (1-2:...‎

‎Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1691. 4to. Contemp. full vellum. Faint handwritten title on spine. a small stamp on titlepage. In: ""Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCLXXXXI"". (8),590,(6) pp. and 13 (of 15) folded engraved plates. The 2 first plates lacks, but they do not belong to the papers listed.Leibniz' papers: pp.277-281 a. 1 plate, pp. 435-439. Johann Bernoulli: pp. 274-276 a. 1 plate. Huygens: pp. 281-282. - Jacob Bernoulli: pp. 282-290 a. 1 plate.‎

‎All papers first apperance. All 5 of extreme importence in the development of the Calculus. Leibniz' 2 papers on the catenary curve (paper 1-2 offered here) was written at the instigation of Jacques Bernoulli. Following the example of Blaise Pascal, who had initiated, in 1658, a contest for the construction of the cycloid, Leibniz also provoked the geometers of his time, by challenging them to submit, at the fixed date of mid-1691, their geometric method for the construction of the catenary curve. Leibniz later provided the answer, followed by Johann Bernoulli and Huygens.'These two papers are a historical account of the origin of the study of this transcendental curve, and, at the same time, the first physical-geometric construction showing the species-relationship between the catenary and the logarithmic curves, as two companion curves" one arithmetic, the other geometric. All of the differentials of the catenary curve, are arithmetic means of corresponding differentials of the logarithmic curve" and, all of the differentials of the logarithmic curve, are geometric means of the catenary.'""The Catenary is the form of a hanging fully flexible rope or chain (the name comes from ""catena"", which means 'chain'), suspended on two points. The interest in this curve originated with Galileo, who thought that is was a parabola. Young Christiaan Huygens proved in 1646 that this cannot be the case. What the actual form was remained an open question till 1691, when Leibniz, Johann Bernoulli and the then much older Huygens sent solutions to the problem to the ""Acta"" (Jakob Bernoulli, 1690, Johann Bernoulli 1691, Huygens 1691 and Leibniz 1691), - these 4 1691-papers offered here - in which the previous year Jakob Bernoulli had challenged mathematicians to solve it. As published, the solutions did not reveal the methods, but through later publications of manuscripts these methods have been known. Huygens applied with great ( paper 4) virtuosity the by then classical methods of 17th century infinitesimal mathematics, and he needed all his ingenuity to reach a satisfactory solution. Leibniz ( the papers 1-2) and Bernoulli (paper 3), applying the new Calculus, found the solutions in a much direct way. In fact, the catenary was a test-case between the old and the new style in the study of curves, and only because the champion of the old style was a giant like Huygens, the test-case can formally be considered as ending in a draw."" (Grattan-Guiness in ""From the Calculus to Set Theory, 1630-1910."").The paper by JACOB BERNOULLI ( no. 5 offered here) is a milestone papers as it marks the invention of the ""SYSTEM OF POLAR COORDINATES"" with points located by reference to a fixed point and a line through that point. Although newton had earlier also devised such a coordinate system (in 1671), his work was not known, so that the credit for the discovery generally goes to Bernoulli. (Parkinson, Breakthroughs (1691).Further papers contained in this volume of Acta Eruditorum:DENYS PAPIN: Mecanicorum de Viribus Motricibus sententia, asserta a D. Papino adversius C.G.G. L. (Leibniz) objectiones. pp. 6-13. The plate lacks. - and Dion. Papini Observationes quaedam circa materias ad Hydraulicam spectantes. Pp. 208-213 a. 1 plate. This importent paper is part of the LEIBNIZ-PAPIN-CONTROVERSY.JACOB BERNOULLI: Specimen Calculi Differentialis in dimensione Parabolæ helicoidis, ubi de flexuris curvarum in genere, carundem evolutionibus. Pp. 13-22. The plate lacks. - and J.B. Demonstratio Centri Oscillationis ex Natura Vectis, reperta occassione eorum, quæ super hac materia in Historia Literaria Roterodamensi recensentur, articulo...Pp.317-321.LEIBNIZ: O.V.E. Additio ad Schediasma de Medii Resistentia publicatum in Actis mensis Febr. 1889. Pp. 177-178. and O.V.E. Quadratura Arithmetica Communis Sectionum Conicarum quæ centrum babent,...Pp. 178-182 a. 1 plate.TSCHIRNHAUS: Singularia Effecta Vitri Caustici bipedalis, quod omnia magno sumtu hactenus constructa specula ustoria virtute superat, per D.T. Pp. 517-520‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 41859

‎"LEIBNIZ (LEIBNITZ), G.F. - THE APPEARANCE OF THE THEORY OF NORDIC ISRAELISM OR NORSE ISRAELISM.‎

‎Accessiones Historicae quibus potissimum continentur Scriptores Rerum Garmanicarum, & aliorum, hactenus inediti sequentes. Tom. I-II. Tom. I: 1. Chronographus Saxo. 2. Joh. Vito Durani Chronicon. 3. Gesta Trevirorum. 4. Vetus Chronicon Holsatiæ. (Tom....‎

‎Hannover, Nicolai Förster, 1700 - Leipzig, Nicolai Förster, 1698. 4to. Contemp. full calf. Raised bands, richly gilt spine. (16),315,40,124,119 pp. Tome 2: (12),292,592 pp. First titlepage and Praefatio (16) leaves a bit browned, otherwise clean with only a few scattered brownspots. Some neath marginal notes in 2 contemporary hands.‎

‎Second edition of volume one, and first edition of volume two. In the 15 century chronicle ""Vetus Chronicon Holsatiae"", first printed here by Leibnitz, states, that the Danes were of the Tribe of Dan, while the Jutes the Jews. This is the first announcement of the theory later called Nordic Israelism or Norse Israelism. ""It is the belief that Scandinavian peoples, or the Nordic countries (Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) descend from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. Although there is evidence of such a belief from literature during the Early Modern Period, Nordic Israelism as a movement and ideology only emerged in the latter half of the 19th century among several early proponents of British Israelism.""(Wikipedia).Ravier: 49 (tome I), 44 (Tome II, but Ravier is not clear on this point)‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 46424

‎"LENARD, P. (PHILIPP). - THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT.‎

‎Ueber die lichtelektrische Wirkung.‎

‎(Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1902). No wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge. Band 8, No 5. Pp. 1-232 a. 1 folded plate. (Entire issue offered, No. 5). Lenard's paper: pp. 149-198. The block is punched in inner margins after cords. Punching does not affects the text. Fine and clean.‎

‎First printing of Lenard's famous paper in which he made the crucial discovery that the electron energy showed not the slightest dependence on the light intensity', a fact to be explained in 1905 by the existence of light-quanta by Einstein.""In 1902 Lenard succeeded in discovering importent properties of the photoelectric effect. He found that as the intensity of the light increases the number of electrons set free rises, but their velocity remains unaffected: the velocity depends solely on the wavelenght. The interpretation of this relationship was provided in 1905 by Albert Einstein's hypothesis of light quanta. In 1905 Lenard received the Nobel Prize in physics for his cathode ray experiments"" and in 1907 he succeede Quincke as professor and director of the physics and radiology laboratory at the University of Heidelberg...(The Laboratory was renamed the Philipp Lenard Laboratory in 1935).""(DSB VIII, p. 181). - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1902 P.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 43645

‎"Leonardo da Vinci as a Scientist" pp. 1 2/3, "Charles Darwin, the Perfectionist of Evolution" pp. 2, Tokuzo Nakajima, Chiyomats‎

‎Shinkokumin March 1935 Cover picture: Shunji Shimamura <Japanese Version>‎

‎Greater Japan Junior High School 1935. Soft Cover. Fine. Volume: 1 Greater Japan Junior High School paperback‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 2110502150403204

‎"LEWIS, C.I. (CLARENCE IRVING). - ""THE LOGIC OF STRICT IMPLICATIONS""‎

‎A Survey of Symbolic Logic.‎

‎Berkeley, University of California Press, 1918. Royal8vo. Orig. full cloth. Stamps on foot of titlepage. VI,406,(4) pp., textfigs. From the library of the Danish logician and philosopher Jørgen Jørgensen with his name on front free endpaper. Some pencil underlinings by Jørgensen.‎

‎First edition of a main textbook in modern symbolic logic and having an interesting provenance as the copy has belonged to the Danish logician Jørgen Jørgensen.""Modern interest in modal Logic begins with the work of C.I. Lewis, first published in book form in his 'Survey of Symbolic Logic' of 1918. This theory is commonly called the logic of strict implication, because it was originally put forward in opposition to an account of implication which Lewis thought mistaken.""(Kneale and Kneale ""The Development of Logic"" 1962, p. 548 ff.).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 47987

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS von - LOUIS PASTEUR. - THE CLASH OF GIANTS - THE LIEBIG-PASTEUR CONTROVERSY.‎

‎Sur la Fermentation et la Source de la Force Musculaire. Lu aux séances de l'Academie royale des Sciences de Munich, les 9 mai 1858 et 5 novembre 1869. (+) La Fermentation acétique. (+ Pasteur:) Note sur un Mémoire de M. Liebig, relatif aux Fermentati...‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1871. (+) Paris, G. Masson, 1872. 8vo. 2 contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome 23 a. 25. 480 pp. a. 1 folded engravedplate. + 576 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. (The entire volumes offered). Liebig's papers: pp. 1-49 a. pp. 194-212 (both in vol. 23). Pasteur's paper: pp. 145-151.‎

‎First appearance in French of Liebig's two papers on fermentation and first appearance of Pasteur's paper. Liebig's papers started a bitter controversy (after Liebig's death continued by Claude Bernard) as he claimed, that all ferments are chemical reactions and not vital processes. Pasteur, on the other hand, claimed that life is needed for fermentation.""From 1865 to 1870, while Pasteur was preoccupied with the silk-worm problem, his theory of fermentation enjoyed increasing favor, especially abroad. What criticism did appear during the period failed to distract him from his centraltask. In 1871, hovever, the ""Annales de chimie et de physique"" published a French translation of a wide-ranging critique by Liebig (the papers offered), who had broken a long silence on the issues of the two lectures (1868, 1869). In a reply (the paper offered) of almost arrogant brevity, Pateur discussed only two aspects of Liebig's critique, both of which involved direct challenges to experimental claims made a decade beforee by Pasteur: (1) that pure yeast and a simple alcoholic fermentation could be produced in a medium free of organic nitrogen and (2) that acetic fermentation required the intervention of ""Mycoderma aceti"". OPasteur responded by challenging Liebig to submit the dispute to a commission of the Academie des Sciences. before this commission, Pasteur boldly predicted, he would prepare, in a medium free of organic nitrogen, as much beer yeast as Liebig might reasonably demand and would demonstrate the existance of ""Mycoderma aceti"" on the surface of the beechwood shavings used in the German methpd of acetification....Liebig died in 1873 without accepting Pasteur's challenge.""(DSB X, ppp. 376 ff.). - Partington IV, pp. 307 ff.The volumes contains other notable papers: BERTHELOT ""Mémoire sur la force de poudre et des matieres explosives"", pp. 223-273., JANSSEN: ""Études sur les raies telluriques du spectre solaire"", pp. 274-298, KEKULÉ, BOUSSINGAULT, STAS, WURTZ et al.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 44232

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS von. - THE ETHER THEORY OF LIEBIG.‎

‎Ueber die Constitution des Aethers und seiner Verbindungen.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", 1. Bd. (31. Bd. der Reihe), No. 21, 22 a. 23. Pp. 321-368. Liebig's paper: Titlepage to 1. Bd. pp. 321-360. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance - the paper was published at the same time in ""Annalen der Pharmacie"" - of an importent paper on Radicals in which he regards alcohol as a hydrate of the ethyl radical and ether as the oxide of the ethyl radical. The paper is also relevant for the discovery and development of ether as an anaesthesia.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 43361

‎"LINDNER, DAVID JONATHAN. - ILLUSTRATING THE BIBLE IN 100 LARGE ENGRAVINGS.‎

‎The holy Scripture of the old and new testament in one hundred copper-plates represented accordingly to the order of the books in the bible. With historical explanations. Translated into English by J.A.E. Schmidt.‎

‎Leipzig, Edward Kummer, 1836. Small folio-oblong. (23x37 cm.). Contemp. modest hcloth. Boards rubbed. (4),27 pp. in double-columns with description of the plates. Before the plates an engraved titlepage with the text: ""Biblia Sacra Veteris et Novi Testamenti representata Centum Imaginibus Aeri incisis in Forma dimidii Plagulae transverssae, una cum Expositione dilucidativa. Augustae Vindelicorum. Prostat apud Antonium Klauber. MDCCCXXXV"". With 100 large engraved plates. (Plates sign. C.P.S.C.M. - Klauber Cath. Sc. et exc. A.V.). A bit of browning to edges of text and plates. Otherwise internally fine.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 45942

‎"LISSAJOUS, (JULES ANTOINE). - THE ""LISSAJOUS FIGURES"" AND THE ""PHONOPTOMÈTRE""‎

‎Mémoire sur l'Étude optique des Mouvements vibratoires. Mémoire présenté à l'Academie des Sciences dans la séance du 6 avril 1857.‎

‎Paris, Victor Msson, 1857. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 51. 512 pp. a. 2 folded engraved plates. Small stamp to verso of plates. (The entire volume offered). Lissajous paper: pp. 147-231 a. 2 large folded engraved plates showing his experimental apparatus, his Phonoptomètre and the curves.‎

‎First appearance of Lissajous's most substantiel paper in which he describes his experimental technique by which he, together with Helmholtz, founded the modern sound theory. His invention of the Phonoptomètre, a vibratingmicroscope in which a tuning fork is attached to the objective lens, is also described and depicted on the plate.""Lissajous developed an optical method for studying vibration and was generally interested in the physics of wave motion. ""Lissajous igures"" are the curves in the xy plane generated by the functions y=a sin( (w1t + q1) and x=b sin (w2t + q2), where w1 and w2 are small integers. The curves are today easily produced on an oscilloscope screen"" but Lissajous obtained them in the context of acoustics, from the superposition of the vibrations of the tuning forks....The French physicists awarded the Lacaze Prize to Lissajous for his ""beautiful experiments"" and both Rayleigh and Tyndall discussed his work in their treatises on sound.""(DSB VIII, pp. 398-99.).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 44169

‎"LOCKYER, JOSEPH NORMAN - THE DISCOVERY OF HELIUM.‎

‎Spectroscopic Observations of the Sun.- No. II. Received November 19,- Read November 19 and 26, 1868. (With additional notes Nov. 26, April 9, 1869, Oct. 10, 1869).‎

‎(London, Taylor and Sons, 1870). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1869, Vol. 159 - Part I. Pp. 425-444 and 2 lithographed plates (1 with the spectrum of helium, 1 with his spectroscope (not requiring eclipses to function)). Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in chemistry, physics and astronomy, announcing the discovery of helium in the sun and naming it 'helium' for Helios, the Greek God of the Sun. In the same paper he demonstrates his invention of the spectroscope by which the prominences of the sun could be observed and studied without an eclipse by leading the light from the very edge of the sun through a prism. - Helium was not discovered on the earth before 1895 by William Ramsay, and it was Crookes who established its identity with the helium Lockyer observed in the spectrum of the sun.""This (the last discovery) was announced on the same day by the French astronomer Janssen, who was in India observing a total eclipse. As a result, the French government some ten years later struck a medallion showing the heads of both scientists.By that time, the two men had made a much more dramatic discovery at the same time, this time in cooperation. Janssen, studying the spectrum ofthe sun during the eclipse, had noted a fine line he did not recognize. he send a report on this to Lockyer, an acknowledges expert on solar spectra. Lockyer compared the reported position of the line with lines of known elements, concluding that it must belong to a yeat unknown element, possibly not even existing on the earth. He named the element, from the Greek word for the sun.""(Asimov).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 42423

‎"LOMONOSOW (LOMONOSOV), MICHAELE (MIKHAIL). - THE DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSITION OF A METAL INTO PASSIVE STATE.‎

‎Dissertatio de Actione Menstruorum Chymicorum in Genere. (Considerations of the Action of chemical Solvents).‎

‎(Petropoli (St. Petersbourg), 1750). 4to. Uncut, without wrappers. Extracted from ""Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae"", Tom. I. ad Annum 1747 et 1748. Pp. 245-266 a. 1 engraved plate (ad. p. 251). Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a groundbreaking paper in chemistry in which Lomonosov describes his discovery of the transition of a metal into passive state, and this is the first scientific description of this phenomena. He observed and described fast termination of the dissolution of iron in concentrated nitric acid, and attributed this to a change in the solvent properties.""Lomonosov employed corpuscular mechanics in chemical explanations more extensively than Boyle had done. Treating chemical compounds as particles in adhesion, he held that ""adhesion is eliminated and renewed by means of motion.....since no change in a body can take place withouy motion"". He attempted to apply these theories to chemical phenomena - although he was limited to speculation- in papers on the action of chemical solvents in general..""(DSB VIII, p. 469).""Lomonosov was founder of Russian science, and he would be universally recognized as a great pioneer of science had he been born a West European. He was famous also for his literary works, including poems and dramas. In 1755 he wrote a Russian Grammar that reformed the language and in the same year he helped found the University of Moscow. In 1760 he published the first history of Russia.""(Isaac Asimov).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 42895

‎"LORENTZ, H.A. - THE MOLECULAR THEORY OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS.‎

‎Sur la Théorie moléculaire des Dissolutions diluées.‎

‎Harlem, Les Heritieres Loosjes, 1891. Lex8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. In ""Archives Néerlandaises des Science Exactes et Naturelles. Redigée par J. Bosschar"", Tome XXV, 2me Livraison. Pp. (101-) 226 (entire issue offered). Lorentz's paper: pp. 107-130. A faint stamp to frontwrapper and to the first page.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Lorentz applies statistical methods to his molecular theory of dlute solutions, discussing the phenomena of osmosis (van't Hoff's law of pressure) in this context and Boltzmann's theorem.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 48777

‎"LORENZ, L. - THE LORENZ-LORENTZ THEOREM.‎

‎Experimentale og teoretiske Undersøgelser over Legemernes Brydningsforhold. (Experimental and theoretical investigations on the refractions in matter).‎

‎Kjøbenhavn (Copenhagen), Bianco Luno,1869. 4to. Uncut and unopened in orig. printed wrappers. [Off-print from: Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 5 Række, naturvidenskabelig og matematisk Afd., 8 Bd. V.]. Pp. (203-)248. A mint copy.‎

‎First printing, off-print in original printed wrappers of this groundbreaking paper.""A further remarkable result of Lorenz' optical researches on the basis of his fundamental wave equation was the well-known formula (Lorents-Lorenz formula) for the refraction constant R... His first paper on the refraction constant, in which he also gave an experimental verification of his formula in the case of water, dates from 1869. In 1870 H. A. Lorentz arrived at the same result, independently of Lorenz."" (D.S.B. VIII:501).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 41671

‎"LUBBOCK, JOHN WILLIAM. - THE LUNAR THEORY.‎

‎On the Theory of the Moon. (I-II). Received November 30, Read December 12, 1833. (and Part II:) Received and Read March 13, 1834.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1834) 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1834 - Part I. Pp. 123-126 a. pp. 127-141.‎

‎First appearance of Lubbock's ""Lunar-Theory""""John Lubbock (1803-65), was an astronomer and mathematician. He made a special study of tides and of the lunar theory and developed a method for calculating the orbits of comets and planets. In mathematics he applied the theory of probability to life insurance problems.""‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 42833