‎Thé‎

‎"OUTHIER, ABBÉ R. ET (PIERRE-CHARLES) LE MONNIER. - MAP OF THE PLEIADES.‎

‎Carte des Pléyades, dont la position de trente-cinq principales étoiles est déterminée par les observations de M. le Monnier, faites en 1744, 1745, 1746 & 1748. Les autres étoiles qui suivent, ont été placées par estime des distances & par des alignem...‎

‎(Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1755). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome II. Pp. 607-608 and 1 folded engraved map ""Carte dee Etoiles des Pleiades ajoutées a celles qui ont etes observées par Mr. le Monnier, suivant divers Alignements &c. par Mr. l'abbé Outhier"" (ca. 25x19 cm.).‎

‎First printing of Le Monnier's famous star map of the Pleiades.‎

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‎"OWEN, RICHARD. - ESTABLISHING THE GENUS NESODON.‎

‎Description of some Species of the extinct Genus Nesodon, with remarks on the primary Group (Toxodontia) of Hoofed Quadrupeds, to which that Genus is referable.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1853) 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 143 - Part I. Pp. 291-310 and 4 lithographed plates.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper, in which Owen established a new genus, Nesodons on the basis of the fossils found by B.J. Sulivan in the Tertiary beds of Patagonia in 1845.‎

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‎"OWEN, RICHARD. - THE EXTINCT HORNED TURTLE.‎

‎On Parts of the Skeleton of Meiolania platyceps (Ow.). Received March 29, - Read April 21, 1887.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1889). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", 1888, Vol. 179 - Series B. Pp. 181-191 a. 7 lithographed plates.‎

‎First appearance of a classical paper in which Owen describes a series of remains, in better condition, than the bones from Lord Howe's Island, which Owen described in 1886 and named Meiolania platyceps. The remains belongs to Horned Turtles, and not to a giant lizard, Meiolania (""Small roamer"") is an extinct genus of cryptodire turtle from the Oligocene to Holocene, with the last relic populations at New Caledonia which survived until 2,000 years ago.The animal was rather large, measuring 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) in length, making it the second-largest known nonmarine turtle or tortoise, surpassed only by Colossochelys atlas from Asia, which lived in the Pleistocene. It lived in Australia and New Caledonia. Remains have also been found on the island of Efate in Vanuatu, associated with settlements from the Lapita culture.‎

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‎"PASTEUR, (LOUIS) et (JULES) JOUBERT - THE FIRST DOCUMENTED DISCOVERY OF AN ANTIBIOTIC.‎

‎Charbon et septicémie.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1877. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 85, No 3. Pp. (101-) 168. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur & Joubert's paper: pp. (101-) 115.‎

‎First appearance of one of the founding papers in the realm of antibiotics, being the discovery of ""Vibrion septique"" (Cl. septicum), the first pathogenic anaerobe to be found. ""Pasteur and Joubert were probably the first to realize the practical implications of antibiosis. They noted the antagonism between Bacillus anthracis and other bacteria cultures (in the paper offered)""(Garrison & Morton: No. 1932.1 and 2490).‎

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‎"PASTEUR, (LOUIS). - THE DOWNFALL OF THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION - PMM 336 (b)‎

‎Expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées. (+) De l'origine des ferments. Nouvelles expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées. (+) Nouvelles expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées. (+) Suite à une précédente c...‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1860. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 50, No 6 a. No 19, Tome 51, No 10 a. No 19. (4 entire issues offered). Pasteur's papers: pp. 303-307, 849-854 (tome 50), pp. 348-352, 675-678 (tome 51).‎

‎First appearance of the suite of the 4 groundbreaking papers marking the downfall of the theory of spontaneous generation, and all of Pasteur's later work in this field can be seen as an extension, elaboration, and defence of the principles and methods set forth here. It is from these conclusions all modern bacteriology and immunology have developed. Pasteur was awarded the Zecker Price 1861 for these discoveries. ""Pasteur's publications on the subject of spontaneous generation consists chiefly of communications to the Academy of Sciences in Paris and published in abstracts in the Comptes rendus... (the paper offered)... In these communication he dealt with the collection and demonstration of erms in the air, the origin of ferments, the distribution of germs in nature, and many other questions. These reports were finally expanded in his famous ""Memoire sur les corpuscules organisés qui existent dans l'atmosphere. Examen de la doctrine de génerations spontanées"", which was published in 1861. (Bullocdh ""The History of Bacteriology"", p. 96).Printing and the Mind of Man No, 336 (b) - Garrison & Morton No. 2474.‎

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‎"PASTEUR, L. (LOUIS). - THE ""DISEASES"" OF WINE‎

‎Études sur les vins. Première partie: De l'influence de l'oxygene de l'air dans la vinification. (+) Deuxiéme partie: Des altérations spontanées ou maladies des vins, particulièrement dans le Jura.‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1863 a. 1864. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 57, No 23 a. Tome 58, No 3. Pp. (925-) 964 a. pp. (141- 180. (2 entire issues offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 936-942 a. 142-150 and 1 engraved plate (Maladies des Vins - leurs Fermets..).‎

‎First appearance of these famous papers initiating Pasteur's renowned studies on wine and its ""diseases"", being his most importent papers on wine.""In December 1863 Pasteur published the first of the papers that culminated in his Études sur le vin (1866"" 2nd ed. 1873). In that first paper, dealing with the role of atmospheric oxygen in vinification, he sought to establish that the aging of wine resulted from the slow penetration of atmospheric oxygen through the porous wook casks into which new wine was decanted. By virtue of this slow oxidation, he claimed, new wine grows less harsh and acid to the taste as it becomes clearer and lighter from the to the taste as it becomes clearer and lighter from the precipation of dark coloring matters. In his second paper (January 1864) Pasteur examined the ""alterations"" or ""diseases of wine, especially wine from the Jura, his native department. Reviewing the familiar disease of ""turned,"" ""acid"" ""ropy"" or ""oily "" wine, he associated each with a microscopic organism. He summarized the results of his first two papers by nothing that ""wine, which is proudced by a cellular vegetation acting as a ferment [namely, yeast], is altered only by the influence of other vegetations of the same order"" and once removed from the effects of their parasitism, it is made or matured principally by the action of atmospheric oxygen penetrating slowly through the staves of the casks.""(DSB).‎

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‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF ""MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY""‎

‎Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique, et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire"" (Extrait). (Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 21. Pp. (529-) 548. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of ""molecular assymetry"" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages, in order to establish priority (the paper offered). A more full exposition was published the same year in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXIV.""In 1848....Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates (one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise, now-counterclockwise effect) under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove....This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before, the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work....Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance, to follow various chemical reactions, and so on.""(Asimov). Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 374-379).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 49456

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - THE PRINCIPLE OF ENANTIOSELECTIVITY ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Mémoire sur la fermentation de l'acide tartrique.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1858. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 46, No 13. Pp. (603-) 666. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's: pp. 615-618. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in biochemistry announcing the discovery of enantioselectivity. Pasteur's milestone discovery of biological enantioselectivity began the process that in the long run established the fundamental importance of molecular chirality in biology.""In 1858 he made an importent discovery in connexion with the fermentation of tartaric acid. he observed, if incompletely, the characters of the organisms which causes the fermentation in ammonium tartrate, and transferring a trace of the organism to a solution of racemate of ammonia, which of course is optically inactive, he found that the fermenting solution gradually acquired a left rotatory power until finally the right-handed salt disappeared and laevotartaric acid was left untouched. The organism which achieced this feat was probably a PENICILLIM (1860)."" (Bulloch, The History of Bacteriology, p. 60).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 53132

‎"PAULI, WOLFGANG. - ANNOUNCING THE ""EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE""‎

‎Über den Zusammenhang des Abschlusses der Elektronengruppen im Atom mit der Komplexstruktur der Spektrum. (On the Connexion between the Completion of Electron Groups in an Atom with the Complex Structure of Spectra).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Spine lacks and covers detached (in need of a new spine). A stamp to front free endpaper (chinese). In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 31. VIII,952 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Pauli's paper: pp.765-783.‎

‎First edition of the first announcement of Pauli's Exclusion Principle which gives a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explains the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements.Pauli first formulated his exclusion principle in this article in an attempt to explain the structure of the periodic table. By introducing an additional quantum number, namely the spin of an electron, to the already known three quantum numbers in Bohr's atom model, and by postulating that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, Pauli could explain the number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell, e.g., explaining the varying lengths of successive periods in the table. The exclusion principle turned out to be applicable to all fermions, and thus plays a role in a variety of physical phenomena. For example it explains the formation of degenerate matter in white dwarfs and neutron stars. In 1945 Pauli received the Nobel Prize in physics ""for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle"".This volume also contains a paper by Heisenberg: 'Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage der Polarisation des Floureszenzlichtes' , A. Einstein: ""Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung ""Zur Theorie der Quantenstrahlung""and another paper by Pauli: 'Über den Einfluss der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt' (Zeeman-Effect and the Dependence of Electron-Mass on the Velocity).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 47224

‎"PAYEN, A. et J.F. PERSOZ - DISCOVERY OF THE FIRST ENZYME, DIASTASE.‎

‎Mémoire sur la diastase, les principaux produits de ses réactions et leurs applications aux arts industriels"" (Memoir on diastase, the principal products of its reactions, and their applications to the industrial arts),‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1833. Contemp. hcalf. Raised bands, gilt spine with gilt lettering. A few scratches to spine. Stamps to verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Series 2, tome 53. Entire volume offered. 448 pp. Payen & Persoz's paper: pp. 73-92. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of a pioneering paper in industrial chemistry and microbiology, being the discovery of the first Enzyme, Diastase. It catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 51493

‎"PEARSON, KARL AND ALICE LEE. - COINING THE CONCEPTS 'MULTIPLE CORRELATION"" AND 'PARTIAL CORRELATION'.‎

‎On the Distribution of Frequency (Varation and Correlation) of the Barometric Heigh at Divers Stations. Received June 15, - Read June 17, 1897.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1897). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Year 1897, Volume 190 - Series A. - Pp. 423-469 and 9 plates. 1 textillustr.‎

‎First appearance of the statistical paper in which the authors introduced the conceptS of 'Multiple Correlation' and 'Partial Correlation'. ""Pearson did not pursue the theory of multiple and partial correlation beyond the point to which he had carried it in his basic memoir on correlation (1896). The general theory of multiple and partial correlation and regression was developed by his mathematical assistant, G. Udny Yule, in two papers published in 1897. Yule was the first to give mathematical expressions for what are now called partial correlation coefficients, whcih he termed ""net correlation coefficients."" What Pearson had called coefficients of double regression, Yule renamed net regressions"" they are now called partial regression coefficients. The expressions ""multiple correlation"" and ""partial correlation"" stem from the paper written Alice Lee and read to the Royal Society in 1897.""(DSB).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 44863

‎"PELLETIER, PIERRE et JOSEPH CAVENTOU. - THE DISCOVERY OF STRYCHNINE.‎

‎Note sur un nouvel Alcali (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 10 août 1818. (+) Mémoire Sur un nouvel Alcali végétal (la Strychine) trouvé dans la fève de Saint-Ignace, la noix vomique, etc. (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 14 décembre 1818).‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1818,1819). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 8 (Cahier 3) a. 10 ( Cahier 2), pp. 225-336 and pp. 129-240. (Entire issues offered). Pelletier & Caventou's papers: pp. 323-324 (tome 8) and pp. 142-176 (tome 10). A few scattered brownspots.‎

‎First printing of these classic papers in chemistry in which the authors announced their discovery of Strychnine. This was the first alkali of vegetable origin to be discovered after morphine. This discovery (and their discovery of chlorophyll) brought them international fame. The first small paper contains the announcement of the discovery and the second long memoir contains the elaborate exposition of the discovery.""Strychnine was only the second alkaloid to be extracted, the first was morphine. Pelletier and Caventou wanted to name their new alkaloid vauqueline after Nicolas Vauquelin, one of their associates who had refined the technique of ether extraction for use in isolating alkaloids. However, the officers of the Académe des Sciences in Paris rejected the idea on the grounds that a respected scientist’s name should not be paired with a deadly poison. In addition to strychnine the pair isolated other important compounds from plants including caffeine, chlorophyll and the anti-malaria drug quinine. (Paul L. Burnham).Parkinson:""Breakthroughs"", 1818 C. - Garrison & Morton: 1846.The first issue also contains their importent memoir ""Examen chimique de la Cochenillee et de sa matière colorante"", pp. 250-287 which describes how they obtained crotonic acid from croton oil and analyzed carmine in the cochineal.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 43871

‎"PELTIER, JEAN CHARLES A. - DISCOVERY OF THE ""PELTIER-EFFECT""‎

‎Nouvelle Expériences sur la Caloricité des courans électriques.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1834). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 2. Series, Tome 56, Cahier 4 (last issue of tome 56). Entire issue offered. Pp. 337-444. Peltier's paper: pp. 371-386. The text calls for a plate, but not present here.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Peltier describes his discovery of the ""Peltier-Effect"", the thermo-electric cooling and heating of an electrical junction dependent on the direction of the current.""Stimulated by the work of Nobili, Peltier constructed a sensitive galvanometer to measure the conductivities of antimony and bismuth for small currents. Peltier's use of small samples of these nonductile materials was fortunate because the anomalous behavior of these materials led him to construct a thermoelectric thermoscope and to measure the temperature distribution along a series of thermocouple circuits. He discovered that a cooling effect can take place at one junction and an excessive heating at the other. He then confirmed this discovery by using an air thermometer in place of the thermoscope. Peltier did not pursue the effect he had discovered, and its importence was not fully recognized until after the thermodynamic work of William Thomson twenty years later.""(DSB X, p. 500).Wheeler Gift no 2684. - Ronald's Library, p. 389. - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1834 P.‎

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‎"PETERSEN, N. M.‎

‎Islands Opdagelse og første Bebyggelse: Forelæst i Oldskriftsselskabet den 12. Febr. 1829.‎

‎(København), 1829. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to front board. Extracted from ""Nordisk Tidsskrift for Oldkyndighed"". Verso of front board with stamp and paper-label. Internally with light occassional brownspotting. Pp. 241-260.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 62994

‎"PHILLIPS, JOHN. - GEOLOGY OF THE MOON'S SURFACE.‎

‎Notices of some Parts of the Surface of the Moon. Received January 9, - Read January 16, 1868.‎

‎(London, Taylor & Francis, 1869) Large 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."". 1868. Vol. 158. Pp. 333-345 a. 3 fine lithographed plates.‎

‎First appearance of this paper in which Phillips summarizes his importen work on the moons surface.""In 1852 John Phillips brought maturee geological experience to his own personal observations of the physiocal features ofthe surface of the moon, using first the great telescope belonging to the Earl of Rosse...The drawings (of surfaces of the moon) were to be made under a set of standard conditions of representation and on a uniform scale...By 1853 he was recording his observations photographically on collodion palets and employing his great artuistic skill in accurate and detailled drawings...In a summary of his findings published in 1868 (the paper offered), Phillips drew vivid analogies between many of the features seen on the surfaceof the moon and those known to him intimately by observation and measurement on the earth.""(DSB X, p. 584.).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 42834

‎"PICTET, RAOUL. (RAOUL-PIERRE).- THE PROCESS OF LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN INVENTED.‎

‎Mémoire sur la liquéfaction de L'Oxygène. La Liquéfaction et la solidification de L'Hydrogéne, et sur les Théories des Changements d'état des Corps.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1878. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 13. 576 pp. a. 2 large folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Pictet's paper: pp. 145-228. 1 full-page illustration in woodcut of his apparatus.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper in chemistry - issued at the same time in Geneva - in which Pictet announced and described his invention of the liquefaction-process of oxygen and nitrogen - the first liquefaction of an atmospheric gas.""It was Pictet's researches that led to a scientific achievement which at once made him internationally famous. In december of 1877, when Louis Paul Cailletet was about to report hisliquefaction of oxygen to the Paris Academy of Sciences, ictet cabled from Geneva that he hadachieved the same feat. Cailletet and Pictet had worked independently and by different methods. While Cailletet's method had been to compress, cool and expand the gas to be liquefied, Pictet had employed the ""cascade"" process, in which the refrigeration cycles of three different cooling media with successively lower critical temperatures were arranged in series, so that the gas liquefied in first would act as a cooolant in the liquefation of the next. ictet used sulphur dioxide in the first cycle, carbon dioxide in the second and oxygen in the last. Although Cailletet could establish a priority of a few weeks, Pictet has been allowed to share the credit for the first liquefaction of an atmospheric gas.""(DSB X, pp. 604-5).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 44229

‎"PLAYFAIR, JOHN. - ON THE SCHEHALLIEN MOUNTAIN.‎

‎Account of a Lithological Survey of Schehallien, made in order to determine the specific Gravity of the Rocks which compose that Mountain.‎

‎(London, Bulwer and Co., 1811). Large 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."" Year 1811-Part I. Playfair's memoir: pp. 347-377 and 1 large folded engraved plate. Clean and fine, broad margins.‎

‎First appearance of Playfair's investigations on the Schehallien mountain in Scotland.John Playfair first visited the Scottish mountain, Schiehallion, during Nevil Maskelyne's 1774 plumbline deflection experiment, which was conducted to measure the density of the Earth. The mathematician Charles Hutton analysed the survey data from the experiment, reporting the mean Earth specific gravity as 4.5 in 1778. Playfair undertook a lithological mapping exercise in 1801, to improve the accuracy of Hutton's estimate, and reported a range of 4.564.87 in 1811. The computation of the gravitational effect of topography with variable subsurface density effectively made him the creator of the first geophysical model. As such, not only was Playfair's Schiehallion contribution pioneering in itself, but it was representative of his more significant works in both mathematics and geology, in that he built on existing benchmark work with novel and valuable additions of his own. Although Playfair's map of the extent of the Schiehallion quartzite was quite accurate, the Society's fourth President, John MacCulloch, having visited Schiehallion, was dismissive of Playfair's representation of the subsurface density variation. MacCulloch spent several years searching Scotland for a more favourable site for a plumbline experiment, travels that allowed him to compile the data for his 1836 geological map of Scotland. (John R. Smallwood).‎

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‎"PLÜCKER, JULIUS. - ""THE PLÜCKER EQUATIONS""‎

‎Solution d'une question fondamentale concernant la théorie générale des courbes.‎

‎(Berlin, G. Reimer, 1834) 4to. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", Bd.12. - Plücker's paper pp. 105-108.‎

‎First printing of the paper containing the famous ""Plücker Equations"". ""...one of Plücker's great achievements, published in Crelle's Journal for 1834, was the discovery of four equations, bearing his name (the paper offered), that relate the class and order of a curve with the singularities of the curve."" (Boyer. History of Mathematics).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 41606

‎"POINCARE, H. (HENRI). - THE DISCOVERY OF AUTOMORPHIC FORMS.‎

‎Sur les fonctions fuchsiennes. (+) Sur les fonctions.... Note. (+) Sur les fonctions.... Note.‎

‎(Paris: Gauthier-Villars), 1882. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences"", Vol 94, No 4 + 15 + 17. Pp. (149-) 184, pp. (997--) 1068 a. pp. (1139-) 1214. (3 entire issues offered). Poincare's papers: pp. 163-168, 1038-1042 a. 1166-67.‎

‎First appearance in print of the discovery of the automorphic forms, which Poincaré named Fuchsian functions.""One of Poincaré's first discoveries in mathematics, dating to the 1880s, was automorphic forms. He named them Fuchsian functions, after the mathematician Lazarus Fuchs, because Fuchs was known for being a good teacher and had researched on differential equations and the theory of functions. Poincaré actually developed the concept of these functions as part of his doctoral thesis. Under Poincaré's definition, an automorphic function is one which is analytic in its domain and is invariant under a discrete infinite group of linear fractional transformations. Automorphic functions then generalize both trigonometric and elliptic functions."" (Wikipedia).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 49173

‎"POINCARÉ, HENRI. - THE POINCARÉ RELATIVITY PRINCIPLE.‎

‎Sur la dynamique de l'electron. (Séance du Lundi 5 Juin 1905).‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1905. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 140, No 23. Titlepage to vol. 140. Pp. (1497-) 1572. (Entire issue offered). Poincaré's paper: pp. 1504-1508. Titlepage with a stamp on verso. A bit of upper right corner gone. Leaves a bit fragile, caused by the poor paperquality. Clean.‎

‎First printing of this famous paper delivered to the Academy of Paris on its session of June 1905, as the first Poincaré relativistic text ""On the dynamic of electron"", where Poincaré set forth the essential element of relativity and the ""Lorentz Transformation"". Poincaré concludes ""It seems that this impossibility of demonstrating absolute motion is a general law of nature"" !! and that Newton's law need modification and that there should exist gravitational waves which propagate with the velocity of light !! - This famous paper gave rice to the controversy about priority around the discovery of special relativity as Poincaré's paper is from June 5 and Einstein's first paper on relativity was received by the ""Annalen"" on June 30, both 1905.""The official history tells us that Einstein, without having read the works of Lorentz and Poincaré past 1895 and without any prior publication on the subject, had written alone in Bern the ""founder paper"" of the Relativity in the last days of June 1905. For that reason, and a few other of less importance, the biographers of Einstein have called that year 1905 ""Annus mirabilis"" and its centenial is celebrated in 2005. However on June 5, 1905, after many other papers on this subject, Poincaré had presenteda note at the French Academy of Science, a text that contains the essential elements of Einstein paper: the relativity principle and the ""Lorentz transformation"". This coincidence involves the suspicion of a possible plagiarism of Poincaré by Einstein."" (C. Marchal ""Poincaré, Einstein and the Relativity: the Surprising Secret.""‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 47065

‎"POISSON, (SIMÉON-DENIS). - CO-FOUNDING THE ""MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF ELASTICITY"".‎

‎Mémoire sur l'Équilibre et le Mouvement des Corps élastiques. (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences, le 14 avril 1828).‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1828). 8vo. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 37, Cahier 4. Pp. 337-444 (entire issue offered). Poisson's paper:pp. 337-355.‎

‎First appearance of one of the founding papers in ""The mathematical Theory of Elasticity"" and Poisson's first on the subject. ""The theory of elasticity based on the idea of a molecular structure attracted Poisson's interest, and he did much to lay the foundations of that science.""(Timoshenko p. 111 ff.).""In the preface to the long ""Mémoire sur I’équilibre et le movement des corps élastiques"" (14 April 1828), the hints yield to explicit declaration. In applying mathematics to physics, Poisson stated, it was necessary at first to employ abstraction and ""in this regard, Lagrange has gone as far as possible in replacing physical ties by equations between coordinates."" Now, however, ""along with this admirable conception,"" it is necessary to ""construct physical mechanics, the principle of which is to reduce everything to molecular actions."" In other words, the death of Laplace the previous year enabled Poisson to move boldly ahead with his long range plans and to present himself as Laplace’s successor.""(DSB)The issue offered contains notable papers by Berzelius, Gay-Lussac and others.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 44897

‎"POISSON, (SIMÉON-DENIS). - INTRODUCING ""THE LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS""‎

‎Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements, principalement en matière criminelle. (+) Note sur la loi des grands nombres. (2 Papers).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1835-36. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 1, Séance du Lundi 14 Décembre 1835 and tome 2, Séance Lundi 11 Avril 1836. Pp. (467-) 498 and (355-) 386. (2 entire issues offered. Poisson's papers: pp. 473-495 (1835) a. pp. 377-380 (1836).‎

‎First appearance of 2 importent paper in probability theory, serving as a preamble to Poissons's famous work published two years later, and with nearly the same title ""Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matiere criminelle et en matiere civile"" (1837). The paper offered introduces THE LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS (Loi universelle des Grandes nombres, pp. 478-79), a key concept in probability theory. Poisson states that all events of a moral as well as of a physical nature are subject to this universal law. His definition (in English translation) on p. 478 reads ""Things of every kind obey a universal lw that we may call the law of large numbers. Its essence is that if we observe a very large number of events of the same nature, which depend on constant causes and on causes that vary irregularly, sometimes in another, 1.e., not progressively in any determined sense, then almost constant proportions will be found among numbers"" (p. 478 in the first memoir).""Prior to the publication of the ""Rechearces"", Poisson presented his principal results and philosophical views to the Academie des Sciences in papers read at the sessions of 14 december 1835 and 11 April 1836. The first memoir became the ""Préambule"" of the ""Rechearches"" and outlined Poisson's criticism of Laplace's approach to the probability judgements, the universal applicability of the law of large numbers, and some of the results based on the Ministry of Justice's statistics.... Poisson's second memoir discussed his ""Law of Large Numbers"", with special attentuion to how it differed from bernoulli's theorem and how it was particularly well suited for applications to the moral sciences..."" (Lorraine Daston ""Classical Possibility in the Emlightment"", pp. 364-65).""In Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile (1837"" (Research on the Probability of Criminal and Civil Verdicts), an important investigation of probability, the Poisson distribution appears for the first and only time in his work. Poisson’s contributions to the law of large numbers (for independent random variables with a common distribution, the average value for a sample tends to the mean as sample size increases) also appeared therein."" Encl. Britannica). - In fact the law appears here, two years before, in the offered paper."" (Encl. Britannica).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 47235

‎"POISSON, (SIMÉON-DENIS). - THE MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT - POISSON'S ISENTROPE.‎

‎Sur la Chaleur des Gaz et des vapeurs.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1823). 8vo. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 23, Cahier 4. With halftitle to vol. 23. Pp. 337-444 (entire issue offered). Poisson's paper: pp. 337-352.‎

‎First appearance of Poisson's importent paper on the mathematical treatment of ""specific heats"".""In ""Sur la chaleur des gaz et des vapeurs,"" published in August 1823 in Annales de chimie et de physique, Poisson developed ideas published four months before by Laplace in Book XII of Mécanique céleste. Poisson introduced all the precautions needed to render the confused notion of quantity of heat susceptible to mathematical analysis. He called quantity of heat the magnitude that characterizes the transition of a given mass of gas from an arbitrary initial state of temperature and pressure to another state. This definition makes more abstract the quantitative aspect that naturally follows from the concept of heat as a caloric fluid. Poisson could thus deal comfortably with this magnitude, since for him it is simply a function q of p, p, and ø (pressure, density, and temperature). The equation of state p= ap(1+aø) was already classic, and the growing acceptance of the notions of specific heats, at constant pressure and constant volume, allowed him to write the simple partial differential equation of which should be the integral. He also showed that independently of any additional hypothesis, and whatever the arbitray function used in the integration, the adiabatic transformations (the term did not yet exist) correspond to the formulas p · py = constant and (?+266.67)·p1y= constant, y being the ratio of the specific heats, assumed constant.""(DSB).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 44896

‎"POULSEN, VALDEMAR. - THE INVENTION OF THE SOUND RECORDER.‎

‎Das Telegraphon.‎

‎(Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1900). No wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge. Band 3, No 12. Pp. 545-766. (Entire issue offered, No. 12). Poulsen's paper: pp. 754-760, textillustrations. Clean and fine, but punched in inner margins after cords, no loss of text.‎

‎First printing of this paper in which Poulsen describes his invention of the ""TELEGRAPHON"", THE FIRST magnetic sound recorder. The Telegraphone was shown, but not operated at the Paris Exposition in 1900 and obtained a Grand Prix.""The magnetic recording was demonstrated in principle as early as 1898 by Valdemar Poulsen in his telegraphone. Magnetic wire recording, and its successor, magnetic tape recording, involve the use of a magnetizable medium which moves past a recording head. An electrical signal, which is analogous to the sound that is to be recorded, is fed to the recording head, inducing a pattern of magnetization similar to the signal. A playback head (which may be the same as the recording head) can then pick up the changes in the magnetic field from the tape and convert them into an electrical signal.""(Wikepedia).The issue contains further Max Planck's paper ""Kritik zweier Sätze des Hrn. W. Wien"", pp. 764-766, and Ångstrøm ""Ueber die Bedeutung des Wasserdampfes und der Kohlensäure bei Absorption der Erdatmosphäre."", pp. 720-732.Shiers ""Early Television"" no 289.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 43651

‎"POYNTING, J.H. - THE MAN WHO WEIGHED THE EARTH.‎

‎On a Determination of the Mean Density of the Earth and the Gravitation Constant by means of the Common Balance. Received May 13, - Read June 4, 1891.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1892). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", 1891, Vol. 182 - Series A. Pp. 565-656 a. 7 lithographed plates.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper for which Poynting was awarded the Adams Prize of Cambridge.""These days John Henry Poynting is best known for his association with the Poynting vector, which describes the flow of energy in an electromagnetic field, and little is known of his life or work. Yet in the 1890s he caught the popular imagination as the man who weighed the Earth'. His experiment, using a novel method with a common balance, was part of a heroic tradition, gained him Cambridge University's Adams Prize, and set new standards of precision. Yet in performing this experiment, Poynting seemed to step outside the traditions of late nineteenth century Cambridge University where he was educated, and it is probably significant that he was a Unitarian throughout his life.""(Isobel Falconer)..‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 43000