‎Tea‎

‎"JOULE, J. P. (JAMES PRESCOTT), ROBERT MAYER - THE CONTROVERSY OVER ""THE MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT""‎

‎Expériences sur l'identité entre le calorique et la force mécanique. Détermination de l'équivalent par la chaleur dégagée pendant la friction du mercure. (Joule) (+) Sur la transformation de la force vive en chaleur, et réciproquement. (Extrait d'u...‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1847 a. 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 25, No 8 and Tome 27, No 16. Pp. (286-) 324 a. pp. (373-) 400. (Entire issues offered). Joule's paper: pp. 309-311. Mayer's paper: pp. 385-387.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Joule presented his last and most exact measurement of ""THE MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT"" by using his famous experimental design, the Paddle-wheel experiment, the most direct demonstration of the heat-mechanical-work equivalence. - He reported his final determinations of the equivalent to the French Academy of Sciences, and presented this learned body with the iron paddle-wheel calorimeter he had used in the case of mercury, thus establishing that heat is a form of energy.Mayer, in his paper, claimed that he was the first to evaluate the mechanical equivalent, and thus claiming priority to the importent conservation law, the first law of thermodynamics and the conservation of energy.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1847 P.‎

Bookseller reference : 49068

‎"LIOUVILLE, JOSEPH. - THE EXISTANCE OF TRANSCENDENTAL NUMBERS PROVED.‎

‎Remarques... à des classes très-étendues de quantités dont la valeur n'est ni rationelle ni méme réductible à des irratonnelles algébriques... à un passage du livre des principes ou Newton... (Séance du Lundi 13 mai 1844). (+) Nouvelle démonstratio...‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1844 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 18, No 20 a. 21. Pp. (883-) 898 a. pp. (899-) 960. (Entire issues offered). Liouville's papers: pp. 883-885 a. 910-911.‎

‎First printing of the papers in which Liouville proved the existence of transcendental numbers. ""J. Liouville..... invented a method (1844) for constructing any one of an extensive class of transcendental numbers. His numbers were the first to be proved transcendental" Hermite's proof of the transcendence of e ... followed in 1873" F. Lindemnn's for pi in 1882.""(Bell ""Development of Mathematics"", p. 275).Liouville showed that not only are these numbers irrational, they are always transcendental. Thus he was the first to prove the existence of transcendental numbers and also that there were an infinite number of them. Liouville suggested that e was transcendental, and provided the first example of a provably transcendental number, now known as Liouville’s constant.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1844 M.‎

Bookseller reference : 49077

‎"MITSCHERLICH, EILHARD. - THE LAW OF ISOMORPHISM ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Sur la Relation qui existe entre la forme cristalline et les proportions chimiques. IIe Memoire sur les Arséniates et les Phsophates. (Traduit, par l'Auteur lui-même, des Mèmoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences de Stockholm, pour l'an 1821, tome I.).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1821. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. Light wear to top of spine. A stamp to verso of titlepage. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 19. 448 pp. a. 1 large folded plate. (Entire volume offered). Mitscherlich's paper: pp. 350-419. 1 large folded engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First French edition - in the authors own form and translation - of Mitcherlich's announcment of his discovery of Isomorphism, stating that similar crystalline form reflect analogous chemical formulae, which Berzelius used in fixing the formulas of compounds. Mitcherlich was at this time an assistent to Berzelius, and the first printing of this classical paper appeared the same year in Akad. Handl., Stockholm. The paper was soon afterward printed in French (the paper offered) and English, and Berzelius discussed it in his ""Jahresbericht"", so that the work quickly became known. - Leicester & Klickstein pp. 306-08.""The statement of the law of isomorphism...marks Mitscherlich's most importent contribution to chemistry - indeed, Berzelius considered Mitscherlich's discovery to be the most significant since that of chemical proportions. Berzelius himself found Mitscherlich's work to be of great use"" he was at that time concerned with the determination of the atomic weights of the elements amd the law of isomorphism provided him with a valuable tool....Berzeluius' task was simplified by the application of Mitscherlich's law...""(DSB IX, p. 424).‎

Bookseller reference : 49079

‎"BECQUEREL, EDMOND. - THE BEGINNING OF SOLAR-CELL-ENERGY.‎

‎Sur les effets électriques qui se produisent sous l'influence solaire.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome IX (No.22). Entire issue offered. Becquerel's paper: pp. 711-713.‎

‎First printing of this important paper, which together with Becquerel's paper ""Mémoire sur les effets èlectriques produits sous l'influence des rayons solaires"" and ""Recherches sur les effets de la radiation chimique de la lumière solaire, au moyen des courants électriques"", published the same year, marks the beginning of Solar-Cell-Energy, the first step in a long path to solar panels, and a technology of immense importence for humanity. In 1923 Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize for his theories explaining the photoelectric effect (his 1905-paper).The ""photovoltaic effect"" is the basic physical process through which a solar cell converts sunlight into electricity. In 1839, nineteen-year-old Edmund Becquerel, a French experimental physicist, discovered the photovoltaic effect while experimenting with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes. Becquerel found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light.‎

Bookseller reference : 49104

‎"AEPINUS (ÆPINUS), FRANZ ULRICH THEODOSICUS. - ANALYSIS OF THE MICROMETER.‎

‎Sur les inconvéniens qu'on a lieu de Craindre dans l'usage du Micrometre, surtout par Rapport aux Instrumens qu'on adapte au quart de Cercle.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1758). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"" Tome 12 (1756), pp. 365-386 a. 2 folded engraved plates.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Aepinus gives a mathematical analysis of a micrometer adapted to a quadrant circle, his only publication related to satronomy.‎

Bookseller reference : 49127

‎"HERMITE, CHARLES. - THE THEORY OF TRANSFORMATIONS.‎

‎Sur la théorie de la transformation des fonctions abéliennes. ( I,II,III a. IV,V,VI). 2 papers.‎

‎(Paris: Gauthier-Villars), 1855. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences"", Vol 40, No 5 + 6. Pp. (205-) 260 a. pp. (261-) 324. (2 entire issue offered). Hermite's paper's: pp. 249-256 a. 304-309.‎

‎First printing of Hermite's importent paper in which he created the theory of transformations.""Another topic on which Hermite worked and made important contributions was the theory of quadratic forms. This led him to study invariant theory and he found a reciprocity law relating to binary forms. With his understanding of quadratic forms and invariant theory he created a theory of transformations in 1855. His results on this topic provided connections between number theory, theta functions, and the transformations of abelian functions.""""Hermite’s 1855 results became basic for the transformation theory of Abelian functions as well as for Camille Jordan’s theory of ""Abelian"" groups. They also led to Herrnite’s own theory of the fifth-degree equation and of the modular equations of elliptic functions.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 49133

‎"NAVIER, (CLAUDE L.M.H.). - THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS FOR FLUID FLOW.‎

‎Sur les Lois des mouvemens des fluides, en ayant égard à l'adhésion des molécules.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1821). No wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 19, Cahier 3. Pp. 225-236 (Entire issue offered with halftitle to vol. 19). Navier's paper: pp. 244-260. A few scattered brownspots. Some browning to halftitlepage.‎

‎First appearance of Navier's famous paper in which he describes the relations between fluid flow and friction, giving the FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF ELASTICITY. The full paper was not published until 1828. Stokes's analysis of the internal friction of fluids was published in 1845, and as he was not familiar with the French litterature of mathematical physics, he derived independently his own equations, which accounts for the double-name of the equations. ""The Navier-Stokes equation is now regarded as the universal basis of fluid mechanics, no matter how complex and unpredictable the behavior of its solutions may be. It is also known to be the only hydrodynamic equation that is compatible with the isotropy and linearity of the stress-strain relation."" (Olivier Darrigol).""Navier studied the motion of solid and liquid bodies, deriving the partial differential equations to which he applied Fourier's methods to find particular solutions. This theoretical research led him to formulate the well-known equation identified with his name and that of Stokes. Navier viewed bodies as made up of particles which are close to each other and which act on each other by means of two opposing forces - one of attraction and one of repulsion - which, when in a state of equilibrium, cancel each otherout. The repelling force resulted from the caloric that a body possessed. When equilibrium is disturbed in a solid, a restoring force acts which is proportional to the change in distance between the particles.""(DSB, X, p. 4).""The equations are useful because they describe the physics of many things of academic and economic interest. They may be used to model the weather, ocean currents, water flow in a pipe and air flow around a wing. The Navier-Stokes equations in their full and simplified forms help with the design of aircraft and cars, the study of blood flow, the design of power stations, the analysis of pollution, and many other things. Coupled with Maxwell's equations they can be used to model and study magnetohydrodynamics. ""(Wikipedia).‎

Bookseller reference : 49138

‎"POINCARE, H. (HENRI). - THE DISCOVERY OF AUTOMORPHIC FORMS.‎

‎Sur les fonctions fuchsiennes. (+) Sur les fonctions.... Note. (+) Sur les fonctions.... Note.‎

‎(Paris: Gauthier-Villars), 1882. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences"", Vol 94, No 4 + 15 + 17. Pp. (149-) 184, pp. (997--) 1068 a. pp. (1139-) 1214. (3 entire issues offered). Poincare's papers: pp. 163-168, 1038-1042 a. 1166-67.‎

‎First appearance in print of the discovery of the automorphic forms, which Poincaré named Fuchsian functions.""One of Poincaré's first discoveries in mathematics, dating to the 1880s, was automorphic forms. He named them Fuchsian functions, after the mathematician Lazarus Fuchs, because Fuchs was known for being a good teacher and had researched on differential equations and the theory of functions. Poincaré actually developed the concept of these functions as part of his doctoral thesis. Under Poincaré's definition, an automorphic function is one which is analytic in its domain and is invariant under a discrete infinite group of linear fractional transformations. Automorphic functions then generalize both trigonometric and elliptic functions."" (Wikipedia).‎

Bookseller reference : 49173

‎"JANSSEN, PIERRE JULES CÉSAR. - THE PHOTOGRAPHIC REVOLVER AND THE ""FIRST FILM"".‎

‎Passage de Vénus"" Methode pour obtenir photographiquement l'instant des contacts, avec les circonstances physiques qu'ils présentent. (+) Présentation de quelques spécimens de photographies solaires obtenues avec un appareil construit pour la mis...‎

‎Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1873, 1874, 1874 a.1882. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences"", Vol. 76, No 11, Vol. 78, No 25, Vol. 79, No 1, Vol. 94, No 14. (3 entire issues offered). Pp. (677-) 732, pp. (1721-) 1780, pp. (5-) 72 and pp. (901-) 996. Janssen's papers: pp. 677-679, pp. 1730-31, pp. 6-7 and pp. 909-911. (The main paper having the title-page to the volume (vol. 79), stamp to title-page).‎

‎First printings of this series of epoch-making papers in which Janssen introduced the ""PHOTOGRAPHIC REVOLVER"" and its first successfull use leading to the ""First Film"" and hereby ""realized one of the operations necessary for cinematography""(DSB).In the first papers he conceived the idea of a device of historical interest, the photographic revolver, the technique of short exposures, which is announced here. The third paper is the epoch-making paper in which he specifically describes the ""revolver"" and its results, the ""first film"". The fourth paper is his responce to Marey's famous expriments with the ""revolver"" recording the flight of birds.""A long barreled canon-like automatic camera was invented in 1874 by an outstanding pioneer of modern astronomical photography, Jules Janssen. Janssen used the revolving plate technique and called his camera a 'pistol'. Janssen's method used the forerunner of a number of 'gun' cameras with a slowly revolving plate and shutter operated by clockwork. The photos were taken every 70 seconds along the margin of the negative and he used his pistol to record a 48 image sequence of the transit of Venus across the sun at an exposure rate of 1.5 seconds.""""In planning for the observation of the transit of Venus, which he was to observe in Japan on 9 Deembe 1874, Janssen decided to substitute for visual observation at the time of transit a series of photographs taken in rapid succession, which would permit him to measure the successive positions of the planet in relation to the solar limb. He ordered the construcion of an apparatus consisting of three circular disks with the same axis: the first, pierced by twelve slits, served as the shutter"the second contained a window" the photographic plate, which was circular, was fixed to the third. The first two disks turned with a synchronized movement, the shutter disk continuously and the other irregularly in the intervals of time in which the window was not swept by a slit. A series of separate images laid out on a circle was thus obtained on the plate. In a general manner the apparatus provided an analysis of a motion on the basis of the sequence of its elemental aspects. Here Janssen realized one of the operations necessary for cinematography, which was invented twenty years later, and which required, besides analysis, the synthesis of images."" (DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 49205

‎"YOUNG, THOMAS.- THE DERIVATION OF THE PRESSURE WAVE SPEED.‎

‎Hydraulic Investigations, subservient to an intended Croonian Lecture on the Motion of the Blood.‎

‎London, William Nicholson, 1809. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, but spine lacks, boards loose. In: ""A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts. By William Nicholson."" Vol. XXII. - VIII,384,(8) pp. a. 10 engraved plates. Youngs paper: pp. 104-124. Small stamps to verso of titlepage. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First appearance (together with the paper in the ""Transactions of the Royal Society at the same time) of this famous paper, containing Young's implicit discovery of the Joukowski equation for solids, 100 years before it appeared under the name of Joukowski (1847-1921), the well-known pioneer in the theory of aerodynamics.‎

Bookseller reference : 49236

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY INTRODUCED.‎

‎Experiments on the Nature of Azote, of Hydrogen, and of Ammonia, and upon the Degrees of Oxidation of which Azote is susceptible.‎

‎London, Robert Baldwin, 1813. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Marbled boards. Spine lacks and boards loose. In: ""Annals of Philosophy"" or Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics... By Thomas Thomson"". Vol. II. - VIII,480 pp. a. 7 plates. (Entire volume offered). Berzelius' paper: pp. 276-284, 357-368. Some browning and brownspots to plates.‎

‎First printing of this milestone papers in the history of chemistry, where Berzelius introduced his famous chemical symbolism (the offered paper is the first on the subject - Leicester & Klickstein calls it the ""Preliminary note) whereby an element is generally represented by the first letter of its Latin name, or, in the event of elements having the same first letter, by the first two letters. Even though his atomic symbols were introduced in 1813 (see the note on p. 359), it was quite a few years before Berzelius's symbols were adopted by the chemistry community. But once accepted, they became the new international language of chemistry. Berzelius ""contributed more to the development of the atomic theory and to the setting up of accurate values of the atomic weights than did any other worker of the time. Of his contributions, moreover, to the development of the atomic theory and the advancement of chemical science, not the least valuable was the introduction of a chemical symbolism which, with slight modification, is in use at the present day. By giving his symbols a quantitative meaning - the symbol of an element representing one atomic proportion by weight - it was possible ""to show briefly and clearly the number of elementary atoms in each compound and, after the determination of their relative weights, present the results of each analysis in a simple and easely retained manner"". This symbolism was speedily adopted on the Continent but, in England, only after some considerable time.""(Findlay ""A Hundred Years of Chemistry"", p. 14.).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1813 C. - Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 258 ff. - Holmberg 1813:28 a.‎

Bookseller reference : 49243

‎"RAMSAY, WILLIAM & PER THEODOR CLEVE. - THE INDEPENDENTLY DISCOVERY OF HELIUM ON EARTH‎

‎On a Gas showing the Spectrum of Helium, the reputed cause of D3, one of the Lines in the Coronal Spectrum. preliminary Note. (Received March 26, 1895). (+) Helium, a Gaseous Constituent of certain Minerals. Part I. And (P.E. CLEVE:) Sur la présence d...‎

‎London, arrison and Sons, 1895. - (Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1895. 8vo. and 4to. Later full cloth, gilt lettering to spine (Ramsay) and without wrappers (Cleve). In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"" (Ramsay), Vol. 58. (Entire vol. offered). And in ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"" (Cleve), Tome 120, No 15. Pp. (797-) 850. (Entire issue offered). Ramsay's papers: pp. 65-67 and pp. 81-89. - Cleve's paper: p. 834. Stamps tp edges and a few corners a bit bumped on vol. 58, otherwise clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of both papers in which Ramsay and Cleve - independently - announced their discovery of Helium on the Earth. Although Ramsay announced the discovery of Helium before Cleve had completed his research, the Swedish chemist was independent discoverer of the element.Helium was discovered in the sun already in 1868 by Jules Janssen and independently by Lockyer the same year. Janssen discovered helium in the sun when he observed a total eclipse in India by studying the spectra of the suns chromosphere and Lockyer, also by spectroscopy, found that the new line in the spectrum did not belong to any element then known and he named it Helium for the sun.In the same volume as Ramsays paper there are 5 papers by NORMAN LOCKYER dealing with the discovery of Helium on the earth, examining Ramsay's and Cleve's findings.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1895.‎

Bookseller reference : 49284

‎"BRAUN, FERDINAND. - THE DISCOVERY OF SEMICONDUCTOR RECTIFIER EFFECT.‎

‎Ueber die Stromleitung durch Schwefelmetalle.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1874. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. 5 raised bands, gilt spine and gilt lettering to spine. A few scratches to spine. Small stamp on verso of first -and general- titlepage. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Sechste Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 153). X,636 pp., 4 plates. (Entire volume offered). Braun's paper: pp. 556-563.‎

‎First printing of Brown's importent paper in which he described his discovery of a semiconductor diode, noting that electrical currents flows freely in only one direction at the contact between a metal point and a galena crystal.""In 1874 Braun published the results of his research on mineral metal sulfides. He found that these crystals conducted electric currents in only one direction. This information was important in electrical research and in measuring another property of substances, the electrical conductivity, but Braun’s discovery did not have immediate practical application. In the early twentieth century the principle that Braun had discovered was employed in crystal radio receivers.""(DSB).The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 was awarded jointly to Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun ""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"".‎

Bookseller reference : 49327

‎"BAYLISS, W.M. (WILLIAM MADDOCK) & ERNEST H. STARLING. - FOUNDING THE SCIENCE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY.‎

‎On the Causation of the so-called 'Peripheral Secretion' of the Pancreas (Preliminary Communication). Received January 22, - Read January 23, 1902.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1902. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Top of spine worn down. Lower spine end with a small crack. A collation remark on title-page. A bookmark on inside frontcover, stating that the volume was bound 10/9/02 for City of Manchester. Municipal Technical School. ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. 69. VII,501 pp. a. 6 plates. Bayliss & Starling's announcement: pp. 352-353. Internally clean.‎

‎This is the first printing, annoucing a milestone discovery which introduced a quite new field in physiology and medicine, the discovery of the FIRST HORMONE, which the discoverers named ""Secretin"". A few years later Sterling coined the word 'hormone' from the Greek 'hormon', meaning to exite or set into motion. Until know it was though that the control of the glands, here the pancreas, was controlled by the nerves (Pavlow and others), but Bayliss and Sterling showed that they have found that the intestine was signalling the pancreas by some COMPLETELY NEW MECHANISM involving a new kind of body or substance functioning as a chemical messenger. ""If nerves are the sprinters of biology, Bayliss & Starling had discovered the marathon runners. In doing so, they also founded the science of hormones, called endocrinology"" (Alan Lightman ""The Discoveries"", p. 34 ff). The announcement, as offered here, was later the same year followed by their larger paper ""The Mechanism of Pancreatic Secretion"" which they published in ""Journal of Physiology (1902)"".""With the discovery of hormones, Bayliss & Starling had found the internal command and control centers - and in this, their discovery was much larger than a new communication system. The mechanism of response and control was chemical: atoms and molecules. Now, with hormones, there was a mechanism for a living thing to regulate itself. Furthermore with hormones, an organism could not only be studied but also controlled from the outside... Never had the living body come closer to a machine, a self-regulating machine governed not only by physics but also chemistry. An not only a machine, but a machine that we human could willfully control. At the start of the new century, we still have not come to terms with the implications of this idea.""(Alan Lightman).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1902 B.‎

Bookseller reference : 49356

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER. - THE CONSTITUTION OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Multiplettstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. (Eingegangen am 10. April 1925).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. Contemp. hcloth. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 32. Band. VI,951 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Heisenberg's paper: pp. 841-860. A stamp to title-page and front free endpaper. Interally clean.‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's importent paper on the complex spectra of many-electron atoms, - the third paper Heisenberg submitted from Copenhagen on the Quantum Theory.""The paper on multiplet structure and anomalous Zeeman effects..., contained a complete discussion of the problem at that time. This paper had the blessing of Niels Bohr"" also Pauli, who was in Copenhagen when the paper was completed, agreed with its overall content. The central goal of the paper was to formulate what Bohr called 'the stress (constraint), which is not analogous to the action of external forces' and to derive quantitative conclusions from it."" (Mehra and Rechenberg ""The Historical development of Quantum Theory"", vol. 2, p. 201).The volume contains another importent paper in the history of Quantum Physics: W. BOTHE und H. GEIGER ""Über das Wesen des Comptoneffekts, ein experimenteller Beitrag zur Theorie der Strahlung"", pp. 639-663.‎

Bookseller reference : 49362

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - COINING THE WORD ""DIALYSIS"".‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On Osmotic Force. Received June 15, - Read June 15, 1854.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1854). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1854, Vol. 144 - Part I. Pp. 177-228, 3 fine textillustrations in woodcut. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in which Graham coins the word ""dialysis"" denoting the passage by diffusion of dissolved substances as a function of their concentration and molecular mass. In this way he further explained 'exomosis'.""Thomas Graham (1805-1869) studies diffusion in gases and solutions and discovers and names the phenomenon now known as the osmotic force. He finds that certain substances (i.e. glue) pass more slowly through membranes than others (i.e. common salt). He calls the former colloids and the latter crystalloids and introduces the notion of dialysis to describe these observations. The beginning of his famous lecture ""On osmotic force"" with illustrations is shown on the right.""(From Anders Gedeon ""Science and Technology in Medicine"", p. 244, where part of the first page and the illustrations from the offered paper, are shown).Garrison & Morton: 686 (""Investigation on osmotic force"" provided importent information for the physiologists"").‎

Bookseller reference : 49408

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - THE FOUNDATION OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Liquid Diffusion applied to Analysis.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1854). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1861, Vol. 151 - Part I. Pp. 183-224, textillustrations.‎

‎First printing of a groundbreaking paper in biochemistry and physiology, as Graham here introduced the distinction between colloidal and crystalloid substances by his method of separating animal and other fluids.""Although some isolated investigations on colloids had been carried out before Graham, his publications in this field laid the foundations of colloid chemistry. In ""On the Diffusion of Liquids,"" Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups.""(DSB).Garrison & Morton: 688.‎

Bookseller reference : 49415

‎"DALTON, JOHN. - THE REBIRTH OF THE ATOMIC THEORY.‎

‎Weitere Erörterung einer neuen Theorie über die Beschaffenheit gemischer Gasarten.‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1803). Without wrappers as published in ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 13, Viertes Stück. Pp. 385-504 a. 1 engraved plate. (The entire issue offered). Dalton's paper: pp. 438-445.‎

‎First German version of one of the founding papers in which he formulated his famous gas laws and raised the foundation of the atomic theory in chemistry.Smyth ""John Dalton... A Bibliography"", No 29.‎

Bookseller reference : 49442

‎THERSNER, ULRIC. - THE GRAND TOPOGRAPHY OF SWEDISH ROMANTICISM (SKÅNE).‎

‎Skånska Utsigter. Vue de Scanie. (Smudstitelbladet: Fordna och Närvarande Sverige. La Suède Ancienne et Moderne).‎

‎(Stockholm, 1816-23). Tvær-folio. (36 x 52,5 cm.). Samtidigt hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Marmorerede permer. Lidt slidt ved øverste kapitæl. Mindre revne i nederste del af forreste fals. (Smudstitel, Dedikation til Kongen, Företal) pp. Graveret titelblad, Innehåll (2 blade), Prenumerationsblade (4) pp. samt 60 plancher i kobberstik eller aquatintetryk, tegnet af Thersner og graverede af S.H. Petersen eller C.F. Akrell. Med 60 blade beskrivende tekst (fra 1-4 pp. pr. planche). Med svensk/fransk parallelltekst. Plancherne forestiller vuer og herregårde. Enkelte marginale brunpletter, ellers et meget rent eksemplar med brede marginer.‎

‎Originaltrykket. Et ganske udmærket eksemplar af det første bind (omhandlende Skåne) af Thersners stort anlagte topografiske mesterværk, som udkom i 12 dele i årene 1816-67. Inspirationen til værket, som blev fortsat af hans datter Thora Thersner, fik han fra Dahlbergs Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna og fra Skjöldebrands Voyage Pittoresque au Cap Nord.‎

Bookseller reference : 49448

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF ""MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY""‎

‎Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique, et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire"" (Extrait). (Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 21. Pp. (529-) 548. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of ""molecular assymetry"" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages, in order to establish priority (the paper offered). A more full exposition was published the same year in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXIV.""In 1848....Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates (one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise, now-counterclockwise effect) under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove....This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before, the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work....Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance, to follow various chemical reactions, and so on.""(Asimov). Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 374-379).‎

Bookseller reference : 49456

‎"SEMMELWEIS. IGNACE PHILIPPE. - THE DEBUT OF ASEPTIC.‎

‎Note sur la fièvre puerpérale et sur une cause qu’il regarde comme présidant très fréquemment au développement de la maladie. (Séance 21 février 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 8. Pp. (233-) 264. (Entire issue offered). Semmelweis's paper: pp. 254-255. Clean and fine.‎

‎First French announcement of this epochal event in the history of medicine, the discovery of the etiology and prevention of childbed fever. First announce by Ferdinand von Hebra in December 1847, then followed (only 2 months) after by the French announcement.""Although Semmelweis's importent discoveries were made in the 1840s, he did not publish them immediately. The first printed reports of his findings were written by his collegues and were published in various German, French, or English Journals. Semmelweis himself gave three lectures before the Imperial and Royal Medical Society of Vienna in 1850 but did not publish his complete discussion of ""The etiology, concept, and prophylaxis of childbeed fever"" until 1861, having previously contributed several shorter accounts to Hungarian medical journals.""(Norman ""One Hundred Books famous in Medicine"", p. 265).Semmelweis demonstrated that puerperal fever (also known as childbed fever) was contagious and that this incidence could drastically be reduced by appropriate hand washing by medical care-givers. He made this discovery in 1847 while working in the Maternity Department of the Vienna Lying-in Hospital. His failure to convince his fellow doctors led to a tragic conclusion. However, he was ultimately vindicated. While employed as assistant to the professor of the maternity clinic at the Vienna General Hospital in Austria in 1847, Semmelweis introduced hand washing with chlorinated lime solutions for interns who had performed autopsies. This immediately reduced the incidence of fatal puerperal fever from about 10 percent (range 5-30 percent) to about 1-2 percent.Toward the end of 1847, accounts of Semmelweis's work began to spread around Europe. Semmelweis and his students wrote letters to the directors of several prominent maternity clinics describing their recent observations. Ferdinand von Hebra, the editor of a leading Austrian medical journal, announced Semmelweis's discovery in the December 1847 and April 1848 issues of the medical journal. Hebra claimed that Semmelweis's work had a practical significance comparable to that of Edward Jenner's introduction of cowpox inoculations to prevent smallpox.Garrison & Morton: 6275 (German version).‎

Bookseller reference : 49472

‎"ARAGO, FRANCOIS - LOUIS DAGUERRE. - THE DAGUERREOTYPE.‎

‎Le Daguerréotype. (Seance du Lundi 19 Aout 1839). (+ Daguerre:) Des procédés photogéniques comme moyens de gravure - Lettre de M. Daguerre à M. Arago. (Séance du Lundi 20 Septembre 1839).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome IX, No. 8 a. 14. Pp. (249-) 282 a. pp. (417-) 436. Arago's rapport: Pp. 250-267 - Daguerre's letter: pp. 423-429. Both issues clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of the first official and complete report of the invention of the ""daguerreotype"", the photographic process invented by Louis Daguerre. The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication ""Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama"", (1839). Together with Daguerre's letter to Arago in which he relates the process of heliography and describes his contract with Niépce to exploit the heliogrphis process. The Heliogravure was invented by Niépce‎

Bookseller reference : 49477

‎"MAREY, (ETIENNE JULES). - MAREY'S ""LAW OF THE HEART""‎

‎Loi qui préside à la fréquence des battements du coeur.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1861. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 53, No 3. Pp. (77-) 128. (Entire issue offered). Marey's paper: pp. 95-98. Faint marginal brownspots.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Marey formulates the law, named after him and stating that heart rate is related inversely to arterial blood pressure.Marey contributed greatly to the development of experimental physiology. In 1860 he invented the modern sphygmograph, an instrument for recording the features of the pulse and variation in blood pressure on a graph. In 1861 he formulated Marey's law. He was the first to realize the relationship between blood pressure and heart rate.Garrison & Morton: 813.‎

Bookseller reference : 49480

‎"MENDELÉEFF, D. (MENDELÉEV, MENDELEYEV, MENDELÉEFF). - THE DECISIVE CONFIRMATION OF MENDELEEV'S PERIODIC TABLE OFTHE ELEMENTS.‎

‎Remarque à propos de la découverte du gallium.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 81, No 21. Pp. (909-) 992. With titlepage to vol. 81. Mendelejeff's paper: pp. 969-972. Titlepage lightly browned and with a punched stamp in lower margin. Otherwise clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of this importent paper which established that Gallium is identical with Eka-aluminum (the missing element between Aluminum and Indium) in Mendelejeff's periodic table. The properties of the new element corresponded well with those predicted. A bitter contorversy was raised between the discoverer of Gallium, Lecog de Boisbaudran and Mendelejeff. ""The discovery of the three elements predicted by Mendeleev was, however, of decisive importance in the acceptance of his law. In 1875 Lecoq de Boisbaudran, knowing nothing of Mendeleev’s work, discovered by spectroscopic methods a new metal, which he named gallium. Both in the nature of its discovery and in a number of its properties gallium coincided with Mendeleev’s prediction for eka-aluminum, but its specific weight at first seemed to be less than predicted. Hearing of the discovery, Mendeleev sent to France ""Zametka po povodu otkrytia gallia"" (the paper offered) (""Note on the Occasion of the Discovery of Gallium""), in which he insisted that gallium was in fact his eka-aluminum. Although Lecoq de Boisbaudran objected to this interpretation, he made a second determination of the specific weight of gallium and confirmed that such was indeed the case. From that moment the periodic law was no longer a mere hypothesis, and the scientific world was astounded to note that Mendeleev, the theorist, had seen the properties of a new element more clearly than the chemist who had empirically discovered it. From this time, too, Mendeleev’s work came to be more widely known""(DSB).Parkinson Breakthroughs"" 1875 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 49528

‎"PREECE, WILLIAM HENRY - THE EDISON EFFECT.‎

‎On a Peculiar Behaviour of Glow-Lamps raised to High Incandescence. (Received March 14, 1885).‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1885. Later full buckram. Gilt lettering to spine. IX,506,XL pp., 1 plate, textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Preece's paper: pp. 219-230 with 6 large textillustrations. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in which Preece was the first to use the term ""Edison effect.""""In 1884 William Henry Preece, an official of the British General Post Office, was shown an experiment by Thomas Edison. Of this experiment Preece gave what appears to be the first printed account in a paper entitled 'On a Peculiar Behaviour of Glow-Lamps raised to High Incandescence' (the paper offered)... What Edison had demonstrated was that if a metal plate is sealed into an electric light bulb and joined to the positive end of the filament a considerable curent will pass. If the plate is joined to the negative terminal, however, no current will pass. This was known as the 'Edison effect' and in 1890 Fleming, an electrical engineer who had workes with the Edison Company in London and now was professor at University College, began a carefull study of this phenomenon in carbon filament lamps. In 1904 he was able to demonstrate that this occurred not only with electric waves but also with wireless waves. He thus introduced the basic principle of the modern wireless valve, which permits only unilateral conductivity.""(PMM No 396).Shiers & Shiers ""Early television"", No 186.‎

Bookseller reference : 49594