‎Chemistry‎

‎"HENRY, WILLIAM. - A CRUCIAL STEP TOWARDS THE ATOMIC THEORY - HENRY'S LAW.‎

‎Experiments on the Quantity of Gases absorbed by Water, at different Temperatures, and under different Pressures. Read December 23, 1802. (and) Appendix to Mr. William henry's Paper, on the Quality of Gases absorbed by Water, at different Temperature...‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1803 - Part I. Pp.29-42 and 1 engraved plate and Appendix: pp. 274-276. With titlepage to the volume Part I. Some browning to lower part of titlepage. Light foxing to the plate.‎

‎First appearance of this highly importent paper in which Henry announced his discovery of the law, which later was termed ""Henry's Law"". The law states that when a gas is absorbed in a liquid the weight of the gas dissolved is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the liquid. This discovery contributed directly to the atomic theory of Dalton.(Parkinson: Breakthroughs: 1803 C) ""Dalton's own experiments on the solution of gases and the stimulus afforded by Henry's work have been seen as crucial in the development of the atomic theory.""(DSB VI p. 285).A paper by Humphrey Davy: ""An Accont of some Experiemnts and Observations on the constituent Parts of certain astringent Vegetables"" and on their Operating in Tanning. Read February 24, 1803"", comes with. In the same volume Pp. 233-273.‎

Bookseller reference : 45163

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY.‎

‎On some Combinations pf Phosphorus and Sulphur, and on some other Subjects of Chemical Inquiry.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1812). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1812 - Part II. Pp. 405-415.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Davy demonstrates that Sulphur dioxide contain equal weights of oxygen and sulphur and hydrogen sulphide ""one proportion of sulphur and two of hydrogen""‎

Bookseller reference : 45168

‎ROBIQUET, (PIERRE JEAN) - THE DISCOVERY OF THE FIRST AMINO ACID.‎

‎Essai analytique des asperges"‎

‎Paris, Chez Bernard, AN XIII (1805). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires.."" Vol. 55, Cahier 2 (30 Thermidor an XIII). Pp. 113-224 (entire issue offered). Htitle to vol. 55 present. Robiquet's paper: pp. 152-171.‎

‎First appearance of Robiquet's first chemical paper, in which he relates his discovery of asparagine by analysis of asparagus juice, the first amino acid to be discovered. The following year he made the first isolation of this amino acid together with Vaguelin. Pierre Jean Robiquet was a French chemist, who laid founding work in identifying amino acids, the fundamental bricks of proteins, through recognizing the first of them, asparagin, in 1806, in the take up of the industry of industrial dyes, with the identification of alizarin in 1826, and in the emergence of modern medications, through the identification of codeine in 1832, a powerful molecule today of widespread use with analgesic and antidiarrheal properties.‎

Bookseller reference : 45516

‎"BRACONNOT, HENRI. - THE FIRST ISOLATION OF GLYCINE AND LEUCINE.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Conversion des matières animales en nouvelles substances par le moyen de l'acide sulfurique.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1820).. No wrappers. Extracted from: Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Series 2, Tome 13. Pp. 113-125.‎

‎First printing recording Braconnot's isolation of Glycine and Leucine which became the first instance in which a pure amino acid was received from a protein (gelatin) by acidic hydrolysis.""He went on to study the effects of sulfuric acid on animal substances: gelatin, muscle fibers, and wool. In the case of gelatin, he discovered a sugar-like substance which he called sucre de gélatine, later named glycocoll (glycine). Sulfuric acid converted wool and muscle fiber to a white substance he called leucine."" (DSB).Garrison & Morton: 668.3.‎

Bookseller reference : 45518

‎PIRIA, R. (RAFFAELE). - THE FIRST PREPARATION OF SALICYLIC ACID THE MAIN COMPONENT OF ASPIRIN.‎

‎Recherches sur la Salicine et les Produits qui en dérivent.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard et Comp., 1838). No wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', 2e series, Volume 69, third- issue, pp. 225-352 (entire issue offered). Piria's paper: pp. 281-325.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Piria relates how he for the first time prepared Salicylic Acid in its pure state. Salicylic acid occurs naturally in the bark of plants such as willow trees and is used to create aspirin and skin care products. Salicylic acid, whether used internally or externally, is associated with some potential hazards. Henri Leroux had extracted salicin, in crystalline form for the first time, but Piria was the first to extract its pure form.Garrison & Morton: No 1857 (referring to the same paper published a year later in Comptes Rendues).‎

Bookseller reference : 45623

‎"HOMBERG, (WILHELM, GUILLAUME).‎

‎Memoire touchant les Vegetations artificielles.‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1712). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1710"". Pp. 426-438.‎

Bookseller reference : 45673

‎"DAVY, HUMPHREY.‎

‎On some Combinations of Phosphorus and Sulphur, and on some other Subjects of Chemical Inquiry. Read June 18, 1812.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1812). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1812 - Part II. Pp. 405-415. Faint offsetting to first page, otherwise fine and wide-margined.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Davy demonstrates that Sulphur dioxide contain equal weights of oxygen and sulphur and hydrogen sulphide ""one proportion of sulphur and two of hydrogen""‎

Bookseller reference : 45709

‎"DAVY, HUMPHREY. - THE DISCOVERY OF CHLORINE DIOXYD.‎

‎Some experiments on a solid compound of iodine and oxygene, and on its chemical agencies. Read April 20, 1815. (+) On the action of acids on the salts usually called hyperoxymuriates. Read May 4, 1815. (2 papers).‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part II. Pp. 203-213 a. pp. 214-219.‎

‎First appearance of two importent papers by davy. In the second paper offered, he relates his discovery of chlorine dioxyd.""By explosion over mercury he found that 2 vols. give from 2.7 to 2.9 of gas, and this would probably be 3 vols. if no chlorine had been absorbed by the mercury. This gas contains 2 vols. of oxygen and the remainder chlorine, hence the compound consists of 'two in volume of oxygen and one of chlorine, condensed into the space of two volumes' (ClO2). He found it to explode at about 100 deg. with more viollence than euchlorine.""(Partington III, p. 57).Together with ROBERT PORRETT ""Further analytical experiments relative to the constitution of the prussic" of the ferruretted chyazic, and of the sulphuretted chyazic acids and of their salts" together with the application of the atomic theory to the analysis of these bodies."", pp. 220-230 a. 2 tables, one folding.‎

Bookseller reference : 45715

‎GEOFFROY (GEOFFROI), C.F.‎

‎Observations sur la Terre de L'Alun" Manière de la convertir en Vitriol, ce qui fait une exception à la Table des Rapports en Chymie.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1746). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1744."". Pp. 69-112 a. 4 folded engraved plates.‎

Bookseller reference : 45798

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY. - ISOLATION OF BARIUM, MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM FOR THE FIRST TIME.‎

‎Electro-Chemical Researches, on the Decomposition of the Earth" with Observations on the Metals obtained from the alkaline Earths, and on the Amalgam procured from Ammonia. Read June 30th, 1808.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1808). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 333-370.‎

‎First printing of a historical paper in chemistry, his third Bakerian Lecture, in which he obtained for the first time, by means of electrolysis, the metals barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium. He further utilized the strong reducing power of potassium to prepare boron.""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures."" - Not in Wheeler Gift. - The Ronalds Library p. 128.‎

Bookseller reference : 45885

‎"DUTOUR, (ETIENNE FRANCOIS).‎

‎Exposition d'une Theorie sur le renouvellement de l'Air dans l'Eau, & sur la desunion des parties des matières solubles opérée par les dissolvans.‎

‎(Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1755). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome II. Pp. 477-500. 2 textillustrations.‎

‎In this paper Dutour describes the apparatus by which he shows that water freed from 'air' does not act on iron.‎

Bookseller reference : 45936

‎"MARIGNAC, C. (JEAN CHARLES). - FIRST SEPARATION OF COLUMBIUM AND TANTALIUM.‎

‎Recherches sur les Combinaisons du Niobium.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1866. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome VIII. 512 pp. a. 3 folded engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Marignac's paper: pp. 5-75.‎

‎The paper describes his successfull separation of tantalum and columbium, ""and he also shows that columbium is both tri- and pentavalent, whereas tantalum always has a valency of five. The separation is based on the insolubility of potassium fluo-oxyycolumbate."" (Weeks p. 83).‎

Bookseller reference : 45989

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - CLEARING THE CONCEPTS EQUIVALENTS, ATOMS AND MOLECULES.‎

‎Recherches sur les Combinaisons Azotées.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1846. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Troisieme Series - Tome 18. 512 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. Laurents paper: pp. 266-298. Somewhat brownspotted.‎

‎First printing of this classic work in the history of organic chemistry in which Laurent made clear ""the distinction between equivalents, atoms and molecules, by attaching to these terms meanings similar to those given to them at the present day. Like Avogadro and Ampère, Laurent regarded the molecules of hydrogen, of oxygen, of chlorine, etc., as consisting of two atoms and of forming ""homogenous Compounds"" which could then give rise to ""heterogenous compounds"" by double decomposition -(HH) + (CICI) = (HCI) + (HCI) - as had long before been pointed out by Avogadro.""(Findley ""A Hundred Years of Chemistry"", p. 32.""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 45993

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY. - CARBON AND DIAMOND ARE CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL.‎

‎Some Experiments on the Combustion of the Diamond and other carbonaceous Substances. Read June 23, 1814.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part II. Pp. 557-570.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in which Davy ""finally put it beyond doubt that carbon and diamond were chemically identical" that neither all acids nor all alkalies contained oxygen" and that oxygen enjoyed no unique status as the supporter of combustion, but rather that heat was a consequence of any violent chemical change.""(DSB).""In Florence he (Davy) burnt a diamond in oxygen, using the burning glass of the Accademia del Cimento, and foundthat it has the same composition as pure charcoal. He found that a diamond ignited in oxygen by a burning glass continued to burn when the source of external heating is removed, and only carbonic acid gas and no moisture was formed.""(Partington IV:p. 61).‎

Bookseller reference : 46007

‎"FOURCROY, VAUQUELIN & SEGUIN. - THE SYNTHESIS OF WATER.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Combustion du Gaz Hydrogene. Lu à l'Academie Royale des Sciences, le 21 Mai 1790.‎

‎Paris, Rue et Hotel Serpente, 1791. 8vo. Contemporary half calf. Gilt spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie: ou Recueil de Mémoires Concernant la Chimie et les Arts qui en Dépendent. Par MM. de Morveau, Lavoisier, Monge, Berthollet, De Fourcroy, le Baron de Dietrich, Hassenfratz & Adet."" Tome Huitieme. (2),336 pp. The entire volume offered. The paper: pp. 230-308. A few scattered brownspots. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which the authors records a series of experiments on the combustion of hydrogen, the aim of which was to confirm Lavoisier's large scale experiments on the synthesis of water. They finally proved that water only contains hydrogen and oxygen, and found the approximate ratio of their weights.""In May 1790 Séguin read to the Académie des Sciences the report on the larg-scale synthesis of water carried out in Fourcroy’s laboratory by himself, Fourcroy, and Vauquelin. The purpose of this experiment was to establish finally that water is composed only of hydrogen and oxygen and that the weight of water is fully accounted for by the weights of the two gases. They also sought to determine accurately the combining ratio of the components of water, an especially important constant in oxygen chemistry. They found that the ratio hydrogen: oxygen is 2.052:1 by volume and 14.338:85.662 by weight. (The discrepancies from the true figure probably arose from the difficulties of weighing the gases.)""(DSB).Apart from other importent chemical papers by Fourcroy, Seguin, Klaproth etc., the volume contains Joseph Black's famous letter to Lavoisier, where Black gives up his phlogistic theory and accepts the new chemistry, lead by Lavoisier. ""Copie d'une Lettre de M. Joseph Black a M. Lavoisier"", pp. 225-229.‎

Bookseller reference : 46011

‎"BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE LOUIS. - PREPARING THE WAY FOR THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Recherches sur les lois de l'affinité. (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des recherches.. (5 Parts).‎

‎Paris, Chez Fuchs, An IX(1801). Boundin 3 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spuines. Light wear along edges. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 36, 37 and 38. (Entire volumes offered). 336"330,(2)"334,(2) pp. and 5 engraved plates. Berthollet's paper: pp. 302-317, pp. 151-181, 221-252, pp. 3-29, 113-134.‎

‎Together with the memoir printed at the same time in ""Mémoires de l'Institut.."" this is the first appearance of B's groundbreaking work on the nature of chemical affinity and the fact that many factors influence chemical reactions, comparing chemical affinity to the force of gravity. The paper was at the end of the year published separately.The theory set forth here ""led directly to Prout's investigations which yielded a knowledge of definite chemical proportions and thus played a very importent part in preparing the way for the development of the Atomic Theory on which the whole modern chemistry is based.""(Duveen, p. 75).""Berthollet read a memoir on the general theory of affinities while he was still in Egypt. This was the starting point of his complete new system of chemistry, first briefly sketched in Recherches sur les lois de l’affinité (1801) and later developed into the comprehensive, two volume Essai de statique chimique. Here he attempted to provide a proper basis for chemistry, so that its experimental results could be viewed in the light of theoretical first principles. Berthollet developed a theory and a model adequate for the understanding and the interpretation of the rapidly growing body of chemical knowledge in his time. He was aware that the positive work of constructing a new theory had yet to be performed after the shock of Lavoisier’s criticism of the old chemistry.(DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1801 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46023

‎"AVOGADRO, (AMEDEO).‎

‎Memoire sur les Volumes atomiques, et sur leur relation avec le rang que les corps occupent dans la série électro-chimique. Extrait par l'auteur.‎

‎(Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1845). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3. Series - Tome 14, Cahier Juillet 1845. Pp. 257-384 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire July-issue offered). Avogadro's paper: pp. 330-368.‎

‎First French version of this importent paper which was published, in full in Italian the year after (1846) in ""Memoria della Reale Acad. della Scienze"" vol. 8 (1846). He proves here forthe first time, that atomic volume is greater for the more electropositive elements.""Toward the end of his life Avogadro devoted a total of four memoirs to the subject of atomic volumes. In the first (1843) he pointed out the connection with his classic memoir of 1811 - the mean distance between the molecules of all gases is the same under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. In 1824 he had read to the Turin Academy a memoir in which he had pointed out that the atomic volumes (i.e., the volume occupied by the molecule together with its surrounding caloric) of all substances in the liquid or solid state would be the same if it were not for certain factors and in particular the different affinities of bodies for caloric. But the latter factor was directly related to the electronegativity of the element. Comparing the densities of the elements with their atomic weights, he now concluded that the distances between the molecules of solids and liquids, and consequently their volumes, were greater, and hence their densities compared with their atomic weights were less as the body became more electropositive. Alternatively expressed, the atomic volume (atomic weight/density) is greater for the more electropositive elements, and this is now accepted.""(DSB).The issue contains also R. Piria ""Recherches sur la Salicine"", pp. 257-301.‎

Bookseller reference : 46027

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY - THE FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Essais sur les proportions déterminées dans lesquelles se trouvent réunis les élémens de la nature inorganiques. (+) Suite des experiences sur les proportions déterminées, d'après lesquelles les élémens de la nature inorganique s'unissent... (In all...‎

‎Paris, Chez J. Klostermann fils, 1811-12. Bound in 6 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines, slightly rubbed. Wear to top of spines. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 83. (Entire volumes offered). The 14 parts: (Tome 78:) pp. 5-37, 105-132, 217-242. - (Tome 79:) pp. 113-142, 233-264. - (Tome 80:) pp. 5-37, 225-258. - (Tome 81:) pp. 5-36, 278-303. - (Tome 82:) pp. 5-33, 113-125, 225-72. (Tome 83:) pp. 5-35 a. pp. 117-127. With in all 3 engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions, determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in Swedish, German (both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal), and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity, and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry. A reprint is found in Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften, No. 35.According to Söderbaum (Jac. Berzelius, 2, p.12) ""It was a giant work, one of the most importent in the history of chemistry, which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time, to be sure, but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour.""(J. Erik Jorpes ""Jac. Berzelius"", p.45).""In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds, thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances, and thus was enabled to draw up (in 1826) a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one.""(Leicester & Klicktein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 258).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1810-20 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46030

‎"RAOULT, FRANCOIS MARIE.‎

‎Sur les Tensions de Vapeur des Dissolutions.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1890. Contemp. hcalf. Light wear along edges. Two small stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 6. Series - Tome XX. 576 pp. The entire volume offered. Raoult's paper: pp. 297-371. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in which Raoult gives further applications of his own discovery, ""Raoult's Law""""Raoult soon turned to the anomalous results with salts in water, which had puzzled previous investigators. He classified the salts he used according to the valence of the radicals and found that the lowering of the freezing point could be accounted for by assigning certain numbers to these radicals. He demonstrated that the freezing point lowering obtained with these salts was consistent with the hypothesis that the salt radicals themselves acted as if they existed independently in the solution, and that certain radicals were more effective than others in lowering the freezing point of water. With the statement that ""the neutral salts of mono and di-basic salts act as if the electropositive and electronegative radicals of these salts when dissolved in water solution do not combine, but remain as simple mixtures (in the paper offered), Raoult showed that he had come to accept much of Arrhenius’ work on ionization.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 46033

‎"WÖHLER, F. (FRIEDRICH). - DISCLOSING ISOMERISM.‎

‎Recherches analytiques sur l'Acide cyanique‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1824). 8vo. Without wrappers. Extracted from 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 27. Titlepage to vol. 27 and pp. 196-200. Some faint brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of an importent historical paper in chemistry.""Wöhler's analysis of cyanates appeared in 1824, (the paper offered), shortly after Liebig's analysis of fulminates. Gay-Lussac, then editor of the 'Annales de Chimie', noted that the analysis of cyanic and fulminic acid were identical - the first case of isomerism. This incident brought Wöhler and Liebig together, and there followed many years of collaboration in which the two studied the chemistry of benzaldehyde and numerous other compounds.""(Klickstein ""A Source in Chemistry.."", p. 309.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46036

‎"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL).‎

‎On fluid Chlorine. Communicated by H. Davy. Read March 13, 1823. (With Davy's Note on the Condensation of Muriatic Acid Gas into the liquid form).‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1823). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1823 - Part I. Pp. 160-165. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this famous paper in which Faraday describes his procedure to obtain liquefaction of chlorine and some of its properties. Faraday made an analysis of chlorine hydrate..., finding the composition... He showed the results to Davy, who suggested that he should heat this compound in a sealed tube. The result was the liquefaction of chlorine, reported in a note at the end of the paper""(Partington IV:p. 105).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.The paper comes together with Humphry Davy ""On a new phenomenon of electro-magnetism"", pp. 153-159 and Charles Bell's importent works on the physiology of the eye ""On the Motion of the Eye, in illustration of the uses of the muscles and nerves of the orbit"", pp. 166-186 a. 1 engraved plate. + ""Second Part of the Paper on the nerves of the Orbit"", pp. 289-307.‎

Bookseller reference : 46104

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - FOUNDATION OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. On the Diffusion of Liquids. Received November 16, - Read December 29, 1849. (+) Supplementary Observations on the Diffusion of Liquids. Received May 2, - Read June 20, 1850. (+) Additional Observations on the Diffusion of Liquid...‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1850 a.1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1850 and 1851. Pp. 1-45, pp. 805-836 and pp. 483-494. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer work in which Graham introduces the terminology and fundamental concepts of colloid chemistry.""Although some isolated investigations on colloids had been carried out before Graham, his publications in this field laid the foundations of colloid chemistry. In ""On the Diffusion of Liquids,"" Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups. He believed that liquid diffusion was similar to gaseous diffusion and vaporization with dilute solutions, but with concentrated solutions he noted a departure from the ideal relationship, similar to that in gases approaching liquefaction under pressure.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 46363

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE ""CRITICAL TEMPERATURE"" OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter. Received June 14, - Read June 17, 1869.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1870). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1869 - Vol. 159 - Part II. Pp. 575-590 and 1 plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Thomas Andrews announces his discovery of the ""CRITICAL POINT"", which states that for every gas there was a temperature above which pressure alone could not liquefy it.""This was a crucial discovery for it pointed the way toward the liquefaction of the permanent gases by demonstrating the necessity of dropping the temperature below the critical point before exerting pressure. This new view led within half a century to the work of Dewar and Kammerlingh-Onnes and the liquefaction of all known gases.""(Asimov).Magie: A Source Book in Physics, pp. 187-192. - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1869 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46366

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE NATURE OF OZONE‎

‎On the Constitution and Properties of Ozone. Received May 16, - Read June 21, 1855.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part I. Pp. 1-13 a. 1 lithographed plates.‎

‎First printing of Andrew's paper in which he shows, that ozone is oxygen in allotropic form.Andrews subsequently turned his attention to the problem of the constitution of ozone. This had been investigated by a number of chemists, including Schöonbein, its discoverer. Its nature was still unknown, however, and it was by no means certain that the ozone obtained from different sources was one and the same substance" it was thought by some to contain hydrogen. Andrews says his researches extended over four or five years, and he finally reached the conclusion that all the supposed varieties of ozone were identical and that it was in fact oxygen in an altered or allotropic condition.‎

Bookseller reference : 46372

‎"DUFAY (DU FAY), CHARLES FRANCOIS DE CISTERNAY. - PHOSPHORESCENCE.‎

‎Mémoire sur un grand Nombre de Phosphores nouveaux.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1732). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1730"". Pp. 524-535.‎

‎First appearance of Dufay's importent work on phosphorescence.""Chemists had long been acquainted with a fes minerals like the Bologna stone (BaS) and Balduin's hermetic phosphor (plain CaS) that glowed after exposure to light. Greatmystery surrunded those expensive and supposedly rare substances. Dufay detested mysteries and held as a guiding principle that a given physical property, however bizarre, must be assumed characteristic of a large class of bodies, not of isolated species. He found that almost everything except metals and very hard gems could be made phosphorescent: he depressed the phosphor market by describing his procedure: and he became sensitive to the endless small variations in the physical properties of bodies. 'How many things behave that seemed similar, and how many varieties there are in effects that seemed identical."" (Heilbron ""Electricity in the 17 & 18 Centuries"", p. 251).Another paper attached to Dufay's paper is Charles Pitot ""Reflexions sur le Mouvement des Eaux"". Pp. 536-544 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Poggendorff II:p. 459).Partington ""A History of Chemistry"" III, p.66‎

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