63 résultats
1892réf. 164651892. Young Women's Christian Association. The Y.W.C.A. Crescent July 1892 an early organizational newsletter carrying the motto "Our Aim is Progress" and documenting the public identity of the Young Women's Christian Association during the late nineteenth-century expansion of women's religious educational employment and associational activity. The emphatic language of "progress" places the publication within a culture of organized female self-improvement and collective advancement providing contemporary evidence of how a women-led Christian association presented its aims to members and readers. Without further description of the issue's internal articles its strongest interpretive value lies in this representation of YWCA community identity and the language through which women's organized activity was framed in the 1890s. The Y.W.C.A. Crescent. Vol. 2 No. 4. Young Women's Christian Association July 1892. Newsletter bearing the slogan "Our Aim is Progress." Pagination place of publication dimensions and specific internal contents are not supplied. As the fourth number of the publication's second volume the issue demonstrates an established serial publishing effort by the Association and provides material evidence of the periodical culture through which women's voluntary organizations maintained a recognizable institutional voice. An exact surviving example is independently cataloged under this title volume number and date. The issue belongs to the broader history of women's associational print culture at the close of the nineteenth century when newsletters and organizational periodicals helped sustain communities formed around religious fellowship education employment assistance and women's social development. The phrase "Our Aim is Progress" is particularly evocative of the aspirational vocabulary used by women's organizations seeking to define expanded roles for women within modern urban and professional life although the specific contents of this issue should not be inferred without examination. Covers loose or separated from the body of the newsletter; otherwise no specific defects supplied; overall very good. An early YWCA periodical useful for the study of women's organizational culture institutional publishing and the rhetoric of female advancement in the 1890s. unknown books
1873réf. 165641873. Association of Factory Occupiers in the Four Counties of Lancaster York Chester and Derby. Mr. Mundella's Bill for Limiting the Hours of Labour in Factories 1873. First edition of a response by northern English factory owners to Liberal Member of Parliament Anthony John Mundella's campaign to reduce working hours for women and children in British textile mills. Following Mundella's speech before the House of Commons on June 11 1873 the employers challenged his allegations of dangerous working conditions excessive hours and elevated mortality among female and child workers. Mundella condemned the "shameful treatment" of factory laborers and drew particular attention to infant deaths associated with mothers returning to industrial employment shortly after childbirth declaring that "the return of the mother to the mill was a sentence of death on the child." The employers countered his arguments with statistics intended to demonstrate improvements in workers' health and living conditions documenting organized industrial opposition to legislation intended to protect women and children. Association of Factory Occupiers in the Four Counties of Lancaster York Chester and Derby. Mr. Mundella's Bill for Limiting the Hours of Labour in Factories. Observations of the Employers upon the Speech of Mr. Mundella M.P. Made in the House of Commons on Wednesday the 11th of June 1873. Manchester: John Heywood Excelsior Printing Works 1873. First edition. 32 pages. Original paper wrappers measuring 8¼ x 5 inches. The pamphlet reproduces passages from Mundella's parliamentary speech alongside the employers' corresponding rebuttals allowing direct comparison of the competing arguments. Three statistical tables in the appendix present mortality data employed in the controversy. Issued on behalf of the regional factory owners' association the response is dated July 24 1873 and identifies Richard Haworth as chairman Joseph Simpson as treasurer and Henry Whitworth as secretary. The dispute preceded the Factory Act of 1874 which restricted the working hours of women and young persons in textile factories and established a ten-hour working day. Mundella's campaign connected industrial working conditions with public health childhood education and infant mortality while manufacturers resisted further statutory limits by disputing the medical and statistical evidence supporting reform. The pamphlet preserves the employers' organized response to proposed labor protections including their use of mortality statistics to challenge parliamentary testimony about the consequences of factory employment. Very good condition. unknown books
1928réf. 162621928. Council of Women Civil Servants Higher Grades. Higher Appointments Open to Women in the Civil Service 1928 publicized routes into senior British government employment three years after women became eligible for direct recruitment into the Administrative Class of the Home Civil Service. The Council founded in 1920 to represent women in administrative professional and executive grades campaigned during the interwar period for equal opportunity and equal pay and against restrictions including the marriage bar. This pamphlet addressed a practical obstacle to women's advancement: insufficient knowledge of the senior Civil Service careers then available to female applicants. Its publication belongs to the Council's broader campaign to increase women's access to government positions beyond the clerical grades. Council of Women Civil Servants Higher Grades. Higher Appointments Open to Women in the Civil Service. London: P. S. King & Son Ltd. 1928. 8½ x 5½ inches. Eight-page pamphlet in paper wrappers staple bound. The Council begins from its belief that the "number and the importance of the careers in the Civil Service open to women are not fully recognized" then supplies information intended to acquaint prospective applicants with higher appointments and the procedures for obtaining them. The text describes opportunities in administrative executive and clerical work making the pamphlet both a recruitment document and evidence of the methods used by an organization of women civil servants to encourage women to pursue positions within the government's higher grades. A contemporary listing records another copy as formerly held by the Board of Education library. The pamphlet appeared during a period when formal access to higher Civil Service employment had expanded without eliminating sex-based restrictions within government employment. Women gained access to direct recruitment into the Administrative Class in 1925 yet women civil servants continued to encounter unequal pay restricted advancement and the marriage bar; the Council subsequently presented evidence to the Royal Commission on the Civil Service in 1929-1931 and remained active in campaigns concerning equal pay and women's eligibility for government posts. The present copy has light thumb-soiling stamps on the front wrapper a library sticker on the rear and rusting to the staple binding; good condition. Its eight pages preserve the Council's own effort to translate newly available avenues of advancement into concrete information about careers and application procedures for women seeking higher appointments in the inter war British Civil Service. unknown books
1914réf. 162641914. Papworth L. Wyatt and Dorothy M. Zimmern comps. The Occupations of Women According to the Census of England and Wales 1911 1914 uses government census data to quantify women's participation in the British labor force and identify occupations offering employment to women. Published by the Women's Industrial Council an organization concerned with women's working conditions and economic opportunities the pamphlet converts the 1911 Census into tables comparing male and female employment and distinguishing women workers according to marital and occupational status. Appearing before the First World War substantially altered women's employment in Britain the study provides a statistical record of the labor market immediately preceding wartime expansion into occupations from which women had previously been excluded or employed only in limited numbers. Papworth L. Wyatt and Dorothy M. Zimmern comps. The Occupations of Women According to the Census of England and Wales 1911. London: Women's Industrial Council 1914. Paper wrappers. The compilers arrange census figures into tables analyzing the occupations of men and women the marital status of women workers and the number of retired women workers among other categories. The statistics were assembled not simply to enumerate existing employment but to determine which industries were open to women and where further employment opportunities might be developed. By separating workers according to sex and marital status the pamphlet supplies contemporary evidence of how women's paid labor was measured and classified immediately before the economic disruptions of the First World War. This copy bears provenance from the Women's Service Library at Millicent Fawcett House connecting it to an institution devoted to collecting documentation on women's political social and economic history. The library developed from the collections of the London Society for Women's Service and was named for suffrage leader Millicent Garrett Fawcett whose work also encompassed women's educational and employment opportunities. The association is particularly pertinent to a Women's Industrial Council publication concerned with expanding women's economic participation. Handling creases and soiling to wrappers with creased corners to front wrapper and small loss at lower right corner of rear wrapper and several leaves; overall good condition. A census-based record of women's employment immediately before the First World War with provenance linking the copy to a major British collection devoted to the history of women's rights and work. unknown books
1942réf. 154741942. Royal Medical College of Romania. 1942 license to practice medicine issued to a woman documenting the formal admission of a female physician to professional medical practice in wartime Romania. The license records the institutional process by which medical credentials were recognized and permission to practice was conferred placing an individual woman within Romania's developing twentieth-century medical profession. Romanian women had entered medical education before the First World War but female physicians remained a minority within the country's medical establishment during the interwar period. Royal Medical College of Romania. License to Practice Medicine. Romania 1942. The document formally licenses a woman to practice medicine. Its date places the authorization during the Second World War when Romania was governed by the Antonescu regime and participating in the war alongside the Axis powers. The license provides direct evidence of a woman receiving professional medical authorization within this wartime institutional setting. Women's entry into Romanian medicine had expanded after the First World War: women increasingly studied medicine and obtained positions in hospitals maternity facilities schools and other public-health institutions although men continued to predominate in medical administration and practice. The 1942 license records the continuation of that professional development into the wartime period. The history was not confined to Romania; historian Mary Roth Walsh documented a comparable early twentieth-century contraction in women's participation in American medicine where women's share of the physician workforce declined substantially after 1900. This Romanian license supplies a specific documentary record of female medical practice during the same period of uneven access to the profession internationally. unknown books
réf. 18100Silver gelatin photo of nurses in uniform posed in operating room. C. 1900. Measures 8" x 11" inches. Photo shows 25 women arranged in three rows with 3 men standing behind them. The nurses wear long white smocks over gray dresses with white cuffs and small white hats perched on their heads. Their bodies are turned toward the camera but their gazes wander about the room with some looking directly into the camera but others looking elsewhere. Three men in lab coats with black ties visible beneath stand behind them gazing over the women's heads toward the camera. Surgical equipment in the form of two large metal barrels connected by pipes stand against the wall behind the group in the room with tiled floor and subway tiles running floor to ceiling. Nursing in the early twentieth century was one of the few professional fields available to women though opportunities for advancement were rare. In addition to working with patients nurses were required to change and launder linens prepare meals scrub the floors and order supplies. Still the number of women who became nurses rose rapidly through the early twentieth century. Photo is mounted to black photographer's board with "Compliments of.Massey Ltd 235 Yonge st" on verso. The women's names are written in neat rows in pencil on verso. The women in this photo were pioneers in a field they would come to dominate. unknown books
1887réf. 174331887. Women's Employment MABEL Robert F. Our Working Women and Their Earnings. United States 1887. First Edition. 13 pages measuring approximately 6" x 10" inches. At the time that this description is being written no copies are recorded in American institutions. OCLC search results are at best an estimate and can vary over time. The article begins "We as a nation have made no effort to teach our redundant female population to support itself although our position as a mother of colonies leaves us with a steadily increasing proportion of women who through the emigration of their male relatives are forces to provide for themselves." and concludes that "a woman's technical training will have still done her a good service in quickening her intelligence and in thus making her a wiser mother to her children and a more sympathetic companion to her husband above all in banishing much care by ensuring to her a means of livelihood in case of need." A compassionate thoughtful appraisal of the state of women's labor and financial prospects in the United States backed up by employment and pay statistics from the end of the 19th century. Cleanly disbound. Chipped along top edge. Toning. Pages clean and uncreased. Overall in good condition. unknown books
réf. 16260Broadside calling on women to join a mass demonstration against reductions to the WPA 1937 documents organized opposition to cutbacks in one of the New Deal's principal employment programs during the continuing economic instability of the Great Depression. Addressing women specifically the broadside argues that WPA reductions threatened not only workers directly employed by the program but wage standards more broadly warning that increased unemployment would place downward pressure on earnings. Its appeal places women within contemporary campaigns over public employment wages and federal responsibility for economic relief. Broadside calling women to protest WPA cuts. Issuer not identified. 1937. 8.5 × 11 inches. The text urges women to participate in a mass demonstration protesting cuts to WPA funding and asks them to consider both their direct relationship to federal work programs and the wider consequences of rising unemployment. By connecting reduced WPA employment with falling wages the broadside frames the demonstration as a labor issue extending beyond current relief workers and calls upon women to participate in organized political action against the reductions. Very fragile with small tears and chips along the top and right edges; overall Good Condition. The broadside preserves direct evidence of women being recruited into Depression-era labor protest and of arguments linking New Deal employment programs to wage conditions across the broader workforce. unknown books
1982réf. 196801982. African American Davis George and Watson Glegg. Black Life in Corporate America: Swimming in the Mainstream. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday 1982. Signed First Edition Hardcover with Dust Jacket. 204 pages. Measures 6" x 8.5". Signed in pen by both George Davis and Glegg Watson on the front free endpaper. The book collects over 160 interviews to convey black life in corporate America. From the front flap: "This is the first in-depth look at the professional and personal lives of black men and women trying to 'make it' in a world created by and for white males." The authors were asked to create and teach a course based on the book's insights for two terms at the Yale School of Organization and Management making it the first course in the nation in multicultural management. Black and white photo of authors featured on the back cover. Dime-sized stain on corner of front free endpaper but cover is clean textblock tight overall in very good condition. unknown books
réf. 606580"Dick Jaeckel on Twentieth Century Fox employment form when he worked in the Fox mailroom at age 16 April 15 1943. Jaeckel signed and accomplished in his hand. 8 1/2" x 4" fine. Rare thus!. Signed by Authors. No Binding. Very Good. unknown books
1873réf. 165671873. Kinnear John Boyd. The Right of Women to Labour 1873 argues against restrictions on women's employment and examines the economic consequences of industrialization for women who depended upon paid work. Kinnear a Scottish lawyer writer and later Liberal politician rejects occupational exclusion based on sex writing "there are other things which women can do at least as well as men.Then why should women not do it" His argument extends beyond access to employment to the conditions under which women worked including their difficulty in "forming effective trade unions to secure their rights." The pamphlet thus addresses both women's right to enter occupations and their limited power to protect themselves collectively once employed. Kinnear John Boyd. The Right of Women to Labour. Being Portions of an Essay Re-printed by Permission from "Woman's Work and Woman's Culture." London: Printed by Frederick Bell & Co. Chelsea S.W. 1873. First edition. 14 pages. The text reprints portions of Kinnear's contribution to Josephine Butler's Woman's Work and Woman's Culture first published in 1869 a collection addressing women's education employment legal status suffrage and professional opportunities. Kinnear argues that mechanization and the movement of production from households into factories had eliminated forms of work traditionally performed by women while exposing those who remained in industrial employment to increased competition. He answers these changes by demanding access to work according to ability rather than sex and by identifying workers' collective organization as a means of defending wages and employment rights. Published amid nineteenth-century campaigns to expand women's access to education professions property rights and political participation Kinnear's pamphlet concentrates specifically on economic independence and the organization of women workers. One pamphlet 14 pages in original paper wrappers measuring 8 x 5 1/4 inches. Very good condition. Its discussion of occupational exclusion mechanization and trade union organization records an early argument that women's economic rights required both access to paid employment and the ability to defend their position within the labor market. unknown books
réf. 18979Women's Employment Workingmen Want this Bill! An Act To Amend the Labor Law Relative to Hours of Labor. Utica: Utica Trades Assembly n.d. Measuring 9.5" x 6" on tan paper. A women's labor broadside calling attention to the modification of "labor laws relative to the hours of labor" for women and minors in New York. Decorated in bold black lettering the slogan reads "Workingmen Want this Bill!" followed by the contention that the bill "provides for a half holiday on Saturday for women and minors employed on factories without the necessity of working overtime on other days of the week". This is succeeded by the presentation of the act by "The People of the State of New York represented in Senate and Assembly with excerpts from Sections 1 2 3 and 77. Section 77 states that "Hours of labor of minors and women--No minor under the age of eighteen years and no female shall be employed at labor in any factory in this State before six o'clock in the morning or after nine o'clock in the evening of any day or for more than ten hours in any one day of sixty fifty six hours in any one week nor more than six hours on the last day of the week.". As of this writing OCLC reports fewer than three copies in the United States. This document seems to follow some text from the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act 1916. In very good condition. unknown books
1948réf. 200371948. African American Ottley Roi. Black Odyssey: The Story of the Negro in America. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1948. Hardcover with Dust Jacket. 340 pages. Measures 6" x 8.5". Born in New York City in 1906 Black author and journalist Roi Ottley began his career as a reporter for the New York Amsterdam Star-News. He went on to serve as publicity director for the National C.I.O. War Relief Committee and served as a war correspondent in the 1940s. Here he "traces the strange history of his race in America from the very beginning up to the present day. In early colonial times the Negro was a free and often respected individual; as the colonies grew and cheap labor was needed he was reduced to the status of a slave." The book includes historical moments as well as personal anecdotes from interviews and covers a wide range of events "from the day in 1664 when Maryland became the first colony to legalize slavery through the dark days of servitude to the Emancipation Proclamation and the beginning of the Negro's modern history as a free but segregated citizen." Dust jacket has only minor wear with a small piece of visible tape-repair at the top of spine. Pages are very clean and texblock still tight. Overall in very good condition. unknown books
1905réf. 190541905. Women Employment Albumen photograph of two women and a male supervisor working in a textile factory 1905. Measures 6" x 8.5". The photographer captures two women in modest long day dresses leaning upon a large table filled with various textiles and cloths. Beside them a man in a large black top hat stands stoically as his hands rest behind his back. In the background piles of cloth and textiles lay upon large tables and large pipes connect on the ceiling. During the second half of the 19th and early 20th century women began to work in textile clothing factories workshops coal mines tin mines commerce and on farms. Many women were employed in small industries including shirt creation nail making chain production and shoe stitching. Consequently these were known as "sweated industries" as the working hours were lengthy with low pay. Factories organized work along the lines of gender--with men performing the supervisory roles and work which was categorized as "skilled". The edges are minorly worn and the bottom right edge is cut not affecting the image. In very good condition. unknown books
1874réf. 165761874. Vigilance Association for the Defence of Personal Rights. Legislative Restrictions on Women's Labour 1874 opposes proposed factory legislation that would prevent women from returning to industrial employment for six months after childbirth. The Association argues that a measure presented as protection would fall most heavily on women whose families depended upon their wages asking "Who in thousands of cases where there is no helper will assure them and their children bread" Its objections connect employment restrictions to married women's precarious legal and economic position particularly women deserted or unsupported by husbands and left without an enforceable claim upon their husbands' earnings. Vigilance Association for the Defence of Personal Rights. Legislative Restrictions on Women's Labour. Extract reprinted by kind permission from the Manchester Examiner and Times of Saturday June 20th 1874. London: Vigilance Association for the Defence of Personal Rights 1874. First edition extract. 4 pages. Original paper wrappers. 8 1/2 x 5 inches. The pamphlet challenges legislation directed specifically at working women while leaving wealthier women free from comparable interference. Addressing married workers it notes that there are ".many married women deserted or uncared for by their husbands" and argues that "no marriage law secures to the wife a share in the earnings of the father of her children." The text consequently treats freedom to work not as an abstract principle but as an immediate question of food wages and support for women and children and calls upon women themselves to oppose the proposed restriction. The pamphlet belongs to the Vigilance Association's campaign against statutory limitations imposed specifically upon adult women's labor during the parliamentary debates surrounding the Factory Acts in 1874. Its argument exposes a central conflict in nineteenth-century labor reform: legislation intended to protect women workers could also restrict their access to wages without providing an alternative means of family support. At the time this description was prepared no copies were located in American institutions through the OCLC search consulted; institutional records are subject to revision and should be reconfirmed. Condition information was not supplied. The four-page tract records an organized women's-rights response to factory regulation that linked employment freedom directly to marriage law household income and women's economic dependence. unknown books
1873réf. 165661873. Taylor Whately Cooke. The Employment of Married Women in Manufacture 1874. First edition of a paper delivered at the Social Science Congress in Norwich in October 1873 opposing proposed legislation that would restrict or prohibit married women's employment in British manufacturing. Taylor challenges the argument that married women should be excluded from factory labor because of their maternal and domestic responsibilities emphasizing the financial consequences for working-class families dependent upon women's earnings. He condemns the inconsistency of restricting married women's industrial employment while permitting women in agriculture and domestic service to continue working without comparable legal limitations. His argument addresses a central dispute in Victorian labor reform: whether legislation intended to protect women from industrial exploitation could instead deprive them of economic independence and impose unequal restrictions upon their employment. Taylor Whately Cooke. The Employment of Married Women in Manufacture. A Paper Read at the Social Science Congress Held at Norwich October 1873. London: Frederick Bell & Co. Steam Printers King's Rd. Chelsea 1874. First edition. 12 pages. Original paper wrappers measuring 8 x 5¼ inches. Reprinted for the Vigilance Association for the Defence of Personal Rights the pamphlet develops an economic and legal argument against restricting married women's factory employment. Taylor writes: "It is at first sign a very humane sentiment no doubt to assert that married women should be relieved from all hard work because of the duties which maternity casts upon them; but when as that the same time you relieve them of some fifteen shillings a-week without providing any substitute you must not be surprised if they themselves do not view your condescension in the same light." His reference to fifteen shillings a week places the loss of wages rather than the stated benevolence of protective legislation at the center of his objection. The pamphlet appeared during parliamentary debates preceding the Factory Act of 1874 which further regulated the working hours of women and young persons in textile factories. The Vigilance Association for the Defence of Personal Rights opposed legislation that restricted adult women's freedom to contract for employment particularly when comparable restrictions did not apply to men. Taylor's comparison of factory workers with women employed in agriculture and domestic service exposes the unequal treatment of female occupations under proposed labor regulations. His paper documents opposition to sex-specific industrial legislation within the nineteenth-century movement for women's legal and economic rights. Very good condition. unknown books
1871réf. 165651871. To the Right Honorable Richard Assheton Cross M.P. Secretary of State for the Home Department dated 1871 in the supplied description. Petition by British women workers opposing proposed factory legislation that threatened to restrict women's paid employment particularly that of married women and mothers. The petitioners object to proposals that would "restrict the paid labour of all women.or even make all married women half-timers" arguing that legislation presented as protecting female workers could instead deprive them of wages and economic independence. Their objections distinguish between protections against dangerous industrial conditions and restrictions imposed specifically because of sex or marital status. The petition documents women's direct intervention in nineteenth-century labor legislation challenging the assumption that Parliament could protect married women by limiting their right to earn wages. To the Right Honorable Richard Assheton Cross M.P. Secretary of State for the Home Department. 1871 date requires verification. 4 pages. Measuring 8 x 5 inches. The memorialists argue that regulations imposed upon married women would discriminate against unmarried women as well establishing different legal rights to employment according to marital status. They declare "Your Memorialists assert that it is unjust to place restriction son the labour of unmarried women for the presumed protection of married women or mothers" and further maintain that "any special restrictions upon the labour of married women is practically a penalty imposed on marriage as regards to the woman." These statements identify the economic consequences of proposed restrictions and insist that marriage and motherhood should not diminish a woman's right to paid employment. The petition belongs to Victorian debates over factory regulation women's industrial employment and the distinction between protective legislation and unequal treatment under labor law. While reformers sought shorter hours and safer working conditions for women and children opponents of sex-specific restrictions argued that compulsory limits could reduce women's earnings exclude them from certain occupations and reinforce their financial dependence upon men. The memorialists articulate this objection in their own words documenting women's resistance to legislation that treated marital status as grounds for restricting employment. Chipping with small losses along the upper and right edges repairs to two tears on page 2 and loss to the upper left corner. Good condition. unknown books
1880réf. 165711880. Society for Promoting the Employment of Women. The Twenty-First Annual Report of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women 1880 documents an organization established to expand women's access to vocational training and paid employment in occupations beyond the limited fields conventionally open to them in nineteenth-century Britain. Founded in 1859 through the work of women's rights reformers including Jessie Boucherett Barbara Bodichon and Adelaide Anne Procter the Society connected demands for women's economic independence with practical programs for training and placement. Its purpose is stated directly in the report: "The Society is formed for promoting the Training of Women and their employment in industrial pursuits." Society for Promoting the Employment of Women. The Twenty-First Annual Report of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women April 1880. London: Printed by John Bale & Sons 1880. First edition. The thirty-page report records the Society's work in preparing women for specific occupations and discusses the training required to enter fields including wood carving hospital nursing and hairdressing among others. Rather than arguing only for women's abstract right to employment the report records the practical means by which the Society attempted to open occupations through instruction and professional preparation. Its annual accounting of such programs shows how an organization founded by members of the mid-century women's rights movement addressed the economic restrictions confronting women through vocational initiatives maintained over more than two decades. The report appeared twenty-one years after the Society's establishment and shortly after its incorporation in 1879 when campaigns for women's property rights education professional access and suffrage were expanding the legal and economic questions surrounding women's independence. The Society's emphasis on training addressed one concrete barrier to entry into skilled occupations: women could not compete for work from which they had also been excluded from acquiring the necessary preparation. 30 pages. Original paper wrappers measuring 8 x 5 inches. Light pencil marks in the margins; otherwise very good condition. At the time this description was prepared no copies were recorded in American institutions in the OCLC search consulted; institutional holdings and OCLC records remain subject to revision. unknown books
1935réf. 189931935. Women's Employment World-War II McConnell Dorothy. Women War and Fascism. New York: The American League Against War and Fascism 1935. 18 pages. Bound in brown cardstock wrappers. Measuring 5.5" x 8". McConnell presents a "protest against the use of women as cheap labor in factories and offices in the U.S. as well as in the fascist states" asserting that "Munitions plants employ women at dangerous tasks with long hours and low wages. Discriminatory laws against women should be defeated and women's wages made equal with men's for equal work". Wrappers are vibrant and unworn. Small penciled inscription on the title page not affecting text. An interesting pamphlet promoting the fight for women's labor safety and equal pay during WWII. Very clean and bright pages in very good condition. unknown books
1873réf. 165771873. Boucherett Jessie. Legislative Restrictions on Women's Labour 1873 challenges proposed factory legislation limiting the hours and conditions under which women including mothers of young children could work arguing that such measures deprived adult women of authority over their own employment while providing no substitute for lost wages. Boucherett identifies the principle underlying the legislation as itself objectionable: "Another objection is that the Bill confirms the principle that women are not capable of deciding for themselves." Her opposition arose from the practical circumstances of women whose earnings supported themselves and their children placing employment restrictions within a larger debate over women's legal independence wages and control of their own labor. Boucherett Jessie. Legislative Restrictions on Women's Labour. London: Frederick Bell & Co. 1873. First edition. Reprinted by kind permission from the Englishwoman Review for the Vigilance Association for the Defence of Personal Rights. 12 pages. Original paper wrappers. 8 x 5 inches. Boucherett acknowledges the protective rationale behind the proposed measures writing "It has caused some surprise that Bills framed for so benevolent a purpose should have met with opposition from an unexpected quarter" before detailing their possible consequences for working women. She argues that reducing women's access to factory employment without guaranteeing family maintenance could produce "much suffering and some crime" since "it would always be difficult and sometimes impossible for a woman to provide sufficient food for herself and four or five little children." Her argument therefore distinguishes between women with independent means and wage-earning women for whom statutory restrictions could immediately reduce the household's supply of food and other necessities. Boucherett had founded the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women in 1859 and spent much of her career seeking expanded training and occupations for women; this pamphlet applies the same concern for economic independence to parliamentary attempts to regulate female industrial labor. Its publication also formed part of a contemporary controversy over proposals associated with Alexander Mundella and John Lubbock to extend restrictions governing women's factory employment. Rather than opposing regulation solely in the name of laissez-faire principles Boucherett bases her case on women's need to earn wages their responsibility for dependent children and their right to make employment decisions for themselves. Toning to front wrapper with a few chips and losses along the right edge. Good condition. unknown books
1910réf. 175081910. Women Employment Feminism and Women's Rights Summary of Eight Papers and Discussions Upon the Disabilities of Mothers as Workers. London: Fabian Women's Group 1910. Measures 8.5" x 5" inches. 32 pages. This pamphlet summarizes the problems that arise from the modern expectation of women to work difficult industrial jobs as well as the traditional duties of motherhood. This pamphlet was produced by the Fabian Women's Group which acted as a suffrage pressure group directed at the Labour Party that also advocated for women workers. The summarized section was edited by Charlotte Payne Townshend wife of George Bernard Shaw. Paper titles include: The Physical Disabilities of Maternity The Influence of Hygiene and Physical Culture upon the Disabilities of Motherhood The Effects upon children of the Mother's Activity Outside the Home and more. From "Motherhood and Industrial Work" Frau Lily Braun states: "The evils of exploited labor are seen at their worst in the employment of married women with children. The wages of many a workman do not suffice for family maintenance and the wife's work is absolutely essential to make up what is needed.In the early morning she starts for her work; and the cooking washing cleaning and sewing must be done in the evening by an overtaxed wearied woman. Premature age and spiritual exhaustion are the result." Some minor stains from rusted staples in the gutter of the spine not affecting text. Overall in very good condition. unknown books
1936réf. 160251936. National Woman's Party. Equal Rights March 15 1936 documents the organization's campaign for legal equality at a time when women's workplace legislation divided American feminists over whether sex-specific protections advanced or restricted women workers. Founded in 1916 by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns during the suffrage campaign the National Woman's Party continued after ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment by advocating the Equal Rights Amendment then commonly associated with the Lucretia Mott Amendment and by opposing laws that imposed legal distinctions based solely on sex. This issue addresses the New York minimum wage controversy international equal-rights efforts and proposed workplace protections for women and children. National Woman's Party. Equal Rights. Vol. 22 No. 6. March 15 1936. 4 pages. 8 1/2 x 11 inches. Official organ of the National Woman's Party. The issue reports on the New York minimum wage case after the New York Court of Appeals struck down the state law regulating minimum wages for women; the United States Supreme Court subsequently affirmed that judgment in Morehead v. New York ex rel. Tipaldo on June 1 1936. It also discusses the Equal Rights Treaty signed at Montevideo by Cuba Ecuador Paraguay and Uruguay part of the National Woman's Party's effort to establish sex equality in international law. Another article addresses workplace hygiene and a resolution requiring employers to provide women with separate quarters for washing changing clothes and general use as well as seats for women and children when the work did not require them to remain standing. Published two years before enactment of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 the issue records a central dispute in interwar women's rights politics: whether legislation written specifically for women offered necessary labor protection or created legal distinctions that could restrict women's employment and undermine demands for equal rights. The National Woman's Party pursued the latter argument while simultaneously campaigning internationally for legal equality between the sexes. The March 1936 issue therefore preserves contemporary evidence of the relationship among the Equal Rights Amendment campaign minimum wage litigation international treaty advocacy and debates over sex-specific workplace regulation. In excellent condition. unknown books
1919réf. 149951919. National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs plaque 1919 commemorates the founding year of a national organization created to coordinate and advance the interests of business and professional women. Established on July 16 1919 after wartime efforts to identify women's professional skills and experience the Federation developed from organizing associated with the Women's War Council and the mobilization of women workers during World War I. Its formation preceded ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 and placed questions of women's employment professional advancement and political participation within a national organizational structure. Large bronze embossed seal of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs mounted on wood and dated 1919. The Federation was organized at its first national convention in St. Louis in July 1919 under the leadership of Lena Madesin Phillips with Gail Laughlin elected its first national president. Early Federation work included a national survey of business and professional women addressing their status qualifications opportunities and working conditions providing an organized basis for advocacy concerning women's economic and professional life. The plaque dates from the Federation's founding year when women were entering professional occupations in greater numbers while still lacking federally protected voting rights nationwide. The organization continued to advocate on issues affecting working women and to promote professional development leadership and economic opportunity. The bronze seal mounted on wood survives as an organizational artifact from the Federation's establishment in 1919 one year before ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment extended constitutional protection for women's suffrage nationwide. unknown books
1859réf. 165681859. Parkes Bessie Rayner. The Market for Educated Female Labor 1859 argues that girls and young women should receive education or vocational training sufficient to support themselves rather than being prepared exclusively for marriage. Parkes wrote amid organized efforts to expand employment opportunities for middle-class women and in the same year that the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women was established. She rejects the assumption that marriage guaranteed lifelong financial support observing "The daughter may marry but her husband may die.or be too poor to support her and her children; let her at least be trained beforehand to some possible way of getting her bread." Her argument treats women's preparation for paid work as an ordinary parental responsibility rather than an emergency measure reserved for poverty. Parkes Bessie Rayner. The Market for Educated Female Labor. 1859. First edition. 6 pages present of an original 8 lacking the final two pages. Unbound measuring 8 1/4 x 5 inches. The text was delivered as a paper at the 1859 Bradford meeting of the Association for the Promotion of Social Science. Parkes states "We lay it down as a primary social law conceded by all political economists that a father ought to provide for all his children or give them the means of providing for themselves." She further counters the idea that paid employment among middle-class women was exceptional: "Probably every person present has a female relative or intimate friend whom trade-failure the exigencies of a numerous household or the early death of husband or father has compelled to this course; it is the experience of every family." The surviving text consequently links women's education to specific economic contingencies including business failure large households widowhood and the death of a father or husband. Parkes was then a central figure in the Langham Place circle and a founding editor of the English Woman's Journal established in 1858 to address women's employment education legal disabilities and related reforms. Her paper appeared as these activists were moving from publication and debate toward practical employment initiatives; the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women was founded in 1859 to train women and open additional occupations to them. At the time this description was prepared no copies were recorded in American institutional holdings consulted; OCLC search results remain subject to cataloging changes and should be reconfirmed. Repairs to the upper right corner and right edge of page 1 and a small repair to the left edge of page 6. Lacking the final two pages; good condition. The surviving six pages preserve Parkes's direct argument that women's education should provide the means for economic self-support in circumstances she described as common within middle-class families. unknown books
1919réf. 163201919. Ministry of Reconstruction Women's Advisory Committee. Report of the Sub-Committee Appointed to Consider the Position after the War of Women Holding Temporary Appointments in Government Departments 1919 addresses the status of women recruited into temporary government service during World War I and the terms under which they might remain in public employment after demobilization. The report concerns the transition from wartime labor to the permanent Civil Service including questions of women's eligibility for continued appointment equality of treatment with male colleagues pay and the assignment of clerical duties. Produced as the British government confronted the employment consequences of women's expanded wartime service it records official consideration of whether women who had entered departments under emergency conditions should retain a place in the postwar state workforce. Ministry of Reconstruction. Women's Advisory Committee. Report of the Sub-Committee Appointed to Consider the Position after the War of Women Holding Temporary Appointments in Government Departments. Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty. London: Published by His Majesty's Stationery Office 1919. Folio. 8 pages. The sub-committee consisted of six women and two men and was charged specifically with examining the position of women holding temporary government appointments after the war. Its recommendations address routes by which women might become permanent government employees and argue for treatment on terms comparable to male colleagues including questions of equal pay and the expectation that women should not automatically be assigned additional clerical work because of their sex. As an official parliamentary publication rather than an outside campaign tract the report documents how women's wartime employment had become an administrative question within government itself. Women entered British government departments in substantially increased numbers during World War I filling posts created or expanded by wartime administration while large numbers of men were serving in the armed forces. The end of the war raised immediate questions about whether these appointments would be terminated converted into permanent positions or reorganized along sex-segregated lines. This report preserves the Women's Advisory Committee's intervention in that process and records specific arguments over permanence pay duties and women's place in the postwar Civil Service. Modern blue card wrappers with paper label. Very good condition. An official 1919 statement of the employment claims advanced for women whose wartime government service had demonstrated their capacity to perform work previously reserved largely for men. unknown books
