61 résultats
1911réf. 182771911. Imperial size albumen portraits of faculty and students at American Medical College. St. Louis Missouri 1911. Large photo measures 24 x 20 inches. 40 subjects every one of them male except for a single female student listed below as "F Heflin." Photographed by Hays Studio. Mounted to photographer's board. The American Medical College a medical school founded in 1873 graduated its first woman in 1888. In 1911 the American Medical College combined with the Barnes Medical College. The following year the combined school became the Medical Department of the National University of Arts and Sciences in St. Louis. The National University then merged with the St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons around 1915. Female students like this one would have come in at a significant disadvantage proving her qualifications against skepticism in a field notorious for gender discrimination. The value of female doctors for female patients in particular has been profound. Board scuffed on one side does not affect images or text. Chipped at corner and top does not affect images or text. Overall very good condition. Expressions and details in images clear. unknown books
1944réf. 3081N.p. but perhaps Oakland or Berkeley 1944. Very good. Printed broadside 5.25 x 8 inches. Minor foxing and staining light edge wear penciled note covering most of verso. A small and apparently unrecorded broadside calling for African Americans interested in working as bus drivers and street car operators in the San Francisco Bay Area during the latter portion of World War II. The notice calls for interested parties to apply at the offices of the East Bay Employment Association between 4:00 and 8:00 PM between December 1 and 9 1944. We could locate no information on the East Bay Employment Association but it was almost certainly located in either Oakland or Berkeley. This employment advertisement was perhaps the result of a wartime shortage of bus drivers and street car operators in the Bay Area. We could locate no other copies of this interesting and somewhat mysterious broadside. unknown books
1878réf. 189841878. Watherston Edward J. The Industrial Employment of Women in France Compared with England. London: Spottiswoods and Co. 1878. French Silk Manufactures and the Industrial Employment of Women. London: Dryden Pres - J Davy and Sons 1879. Both measure 8.5" x 5.25". 16 and 23 pages respectively. The 1878 pamphlet "The Industrial Employment of Women in France." is a comparative analysis of the labor participation rate of women in France and in England. French women were much more integrated into the labor market this study finds even despite the fact that England had a disproportionate demographic surplus of women and an even more developed industrial sector. At the conclusion of the pamphlet Watherston proposes three major steps spur female employment in England based off the French example which are the: "1. Establishment of special training schools for certain trades following a preliminary general education. 2. These training schools. must be made self-supporting within a short time. All pupils must pay a moderate fee for being taught. 3. There should be union of the managers of training schools with all manufacturers wishing to employ female labour. The union must aim both to give employment to women and to advise as to the directions in which it may be sought and into which it may be extended." Watherston lays blame for the poor labor participation rate of English women at the fact that they are barred from major employment sectors such as the railways as well as a private sector which demonstrated no inclination to hire them. He concludes that English women need organization first and foremost and should establish a "Society for the Industrial Employment of Women". The second pamphlet focuses on first the history of the French silk industry and later women's employment within it noting the unique advances that the French female silk workers enjoyed. Watherston notes that "Other countries before France made use of female labour but the French were the first who employed not only as we do the hands but also the brains of women. The technical education of female workers took place simultaneously with that of the men and it is to the results of this that not a little of the excellence of the French silk manufactures of the present day is due." Watherston goes on to examine the silk manufacture at Jujurieux which took in young women from a rural underdeveloped region and lodged fed and rigorously trained them in silk production. In both of these pamphlets he highlights and endorses enterprises that transform women into workers often through a process that includes living and training amongst fellow apprentices for years at a time. There is a prevailing belief that women must be engineered into working class subjects through this total immersion but with a confidence that they are technically and intellectually skilled enough should they be properly acclimated. Some minor chipping to left edge 3/4 in. tear on top edge of one pamphlet overall in very good condition. unknown books
1935réf. 153591935. American League Against War and Fascism. Women War and Fascism 1935 links women's labor conditions in the United States to the League's broader campaign against militarism and fascism during the Depression. The pamphlet protests the employment of women as low-paid labor in factories and offices describes dangerous work performed by women in munitions plants condemns long hours and unequal wages and calls for the defeat of discriminatory legislation and equal pay for equal work. Founded in 1933 the American League Against War and Fascism brought communists socialists liberals labor activists and clergy into a national coalition opposed to war and the expanding power of fascist governments. Its appeal for supporters to "defend peace democracy and the rights of the working people" joined opposition to fascism abroad with labor and civil-liberties campaigns in the United States. American League Against War and Fascism. Women War and Fascism. New York: The American League Against War and Fascism 1935. Original paper wrappers. 18 pages. The text identifies women's low wages as both a labor issue and a feature of militarized industrial production drawing particular attention to women employed at hazardous tasks in munitions plants for long hours and inadequate pay. Its demand that "women's wages be made equal with men's for equal work" places wage discrimination alongside discriminatory laws as conditions requiring organized political opposition. Published as Hitler consolidated Nazi rule in Germany Mussolini prepared and commenced Italy's invasion of Ethiopia and Japanese military expansion continued in Asia the pamphlet shows how the League connected developments abroad with domestic labor organizing and resistance to American militarization. The pamphlet was issued during the growth of Popular Front anti-fascist organizing several years before the United States entered the Second World War and records an effort to place women workers within campaigns against both economic exploitation and militarism. Its combination of equal-pay demands criticism of dangerous industrial labor and anti-fascist politics documents an early convergence of women's labor activism and organized opposition to fascism in the United States. Light edgewear and faint toning to wrappers with a small closed tear at the spine fold; overall Very Good. Buhle 372; Seidman M182. unknown books
1940réf. 223731940. Women's EmploymentLaborFeminismWWII Archive of ten original photos documenting American women's industrial labor during the 1930s and 1940s. Original black-and-white press photographs taken in various factories during World War II including steel works textiles candy production and industrial assembly lines. Stamped by press agencies including Acme Newspictures Brown Brothers and International News Photos several with annotated captions on verso. This collection of press photos captures the pivotal moment when women entered the industrial workforce en masse replacing men who were fighting overseas. These images were part of a wartime propaganda campaign to normalize and promote women's factory work paving the way for long-term shifts in gender roles in the American labor force. In one striking image captioned by the N.E.A. press service as "Portrait for Mother's Day" a steel worker identified as Mrs. Neel of Gary Indiana is praised as "the American Mother- 1943 style" echoing the iconic Rosie the Riveter with a new image of female patriotism: overalls bandanna badge and goggles in hand. Another shows women boxing chocolates along a conveyor line while several others reveal the mechanical precision and physical intensity of jobs in textile finishing labeling and industrial equipment handling. This archive is emblematic of the historical inflection point that sparked the modern women's labor movement. The war effort validated women's technical skills and economic participation giving rise to a postwar generation of women who emboldened by their wartime service laid the intellectual and organizational groundwork for second wave feminism. Many of these workers would later confront the "return to domesticity" in the 1950s and become active in labor organizing civil rights and feminist causes by the 1960s. Light edge wear. Overall good to very good condition. A photographic archive capturing the genesis of modern women's industrial labor and the cultural origins of second wave feminism in the WWII workplace. unknown books
1950réf. BK0056Washington D.C.: Harris & Ewing Photographic News Service 1950. Original gelatin silver press photograph showing Paul Robeson picketing in front of the White House carrying a large placard reading "Enact F.E.P.C. / Anti-Lynch Law / Abolish Poll Tax / Amend Taft-Hartley / Housing / Republican Party Platform." Harris & Ewing Photographic News Service credit stamp and original typed caption to verso with later Globe Photos label. 8 x 10 inches. Light handling wear and creasing otherwise very good. A photograph of Paul Robeson demonstrating directly outside the Truman White House. The original Harris & Ewing caption identifies him as leading representatives of the Progressive Party who "began picketing the White House today asking for more positive action by President Truman on FEPC." The demands on Robeson's placard reflect the stalled federal civil rights agenda of the period. Roosevelt had created the Fair Employment Practice Committee in 1941 after A. Philip Randolph threatened a mass march on Washington over discrimination in defense employment. Truman's President's Committee on Civil Rights subsequently recommended a permanent FEPC federal anti-lynching legislation and abolition of the poll tax; in February 1948 Truman formally asked Congress to enact those measures. The Progressive Party's 1948 platform had called for immediate anti-poll tax legislation and an expansive federal civil-rights program. By 1950 however the major legislative proposals remained blocked in Congress. . Harris & Ewing Photographic News Service unknown books
1900réf. 200911900. Telephone operator photo archive circa 1900 to 1958 documents women's labor within telephone exchange systems showing how urban communications depended on trained female operators seated at switchboards connecting calls handling information and maintaining the human infrastructure behind early and mid twentieth century telephone service. The material documents telephone communication labor through photographs of switchboard rooms operators wearing headsets plug boards supervisory presence and grouped clerical activity revealing how connection work operated in practice before automated dialing fully displaced manual exchange work. The archive supports research into women's wage labor communications history gendered office work New York telephone service and the disciplined workplace culture that positioned young women as the public voice and operational center of the telephone network. The archive consists of six black-and-white photographs including five silver gelatin photographs and one early albumen photograph with images measuring from approximately 3.5 x 4.25 inches to 7 x 9 inches. The date range appears to extend from the early twentieth century to 1958 based on the later dated images. Several photographs show women seated in tight rows facing large switchboards wearing heavy headsets with horn mouthpieces and working among dense arrangements of cords and plugs. The early albumen photograph shows a row of women facing the switchboards while a female supervisor watches over the room indicating both the gendered hierarchy and procedural discipline of the exchange floor. One image shows an operator turning toward the camera with a plug in hand smiling while gesturing toward the board. Four smaller photographs dated 1958 show teams of women moving between boards and a small group with paperwork behind the operating area; pencil inscriptions on the versos identify the location as New York. The photographs are valuable because they make visible the labor system behind telephone service: rows of operators standardized equipment supervisors paperwork and the coordinated manual routing of calls. They also record the gendered character of communications work in which women's voices posture speed and manner were made part of the service itself. Light handling wear minor edge wear and expected age toning; images remain crisp with equipment and personnel details clearly visible; overall very good. Strong women's labor and communications history archive documenting the human operation of telephone exchange systems across the first half of the twentieth century and into the postwar period. unknown books
1960réf. 227401960. Korean-American Women's Employment Fashion Photo Album of a Korean-American dressmaker students and Korean pageant shows 1960s. Provenance unknown but most photos seem to be on the East Coast with a few in Korea. Collection of approximately 45 black and white and color Polaroid prints housed in a black faux-leather spiral album. Album measures 11" x 5.5" and photos approximately 3.5" x 3" each. Some have captions in Korean and/or English en verso. An evocative and culturally layered mid-century photo album documenting the life and career of a Korean American woman likely working as a tailor or dressmaking instructor in the United States during the 1960s. The album juxtaposes scenes of professional life of classroom instruction fashion shows and tailoring studios with moments of leisure and family portraiture in both Western and traditional hanbok attire that together reflect the hybrid social world of Korean immigrant professionals in postwar America. Several photographs show groups of women inside a sewing or fashion studio including one captioned in English on the verso "Me and my students." Other images depict a 1964 Miss Korea pageant with contestants modeling Western evening gowns and swimsuits possibly wearing designs by the album's compiler. Some of these images have handwritten captions in Korean script en verso. The pageant scenes bearing visible banners in Korean script suggest ties to Korean American community networks and cultural events that celebrated modern femininity and national identity during a period of postwar reconstruction and Diaspora visibility. Korean Americans in the 1960s represented a small but rapidly growing immigrant community shaped by both Cold War geopolitics and the aftermath of the Korean War. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 which abolished national-origin quotas marked a turning point that encouraged the arrival of highly educated professionals including teachers engineers nurses and artists many of whom were women. These new immigrants often balanced preservation of traditional Korean customs with adaptation to American professional and social norms forming churches cultural associations and language schools that became vital centers of community life. Within this historical frame the album reflects the self-fashioning of a generation striving for both cultural dignity and modern achievement a narrative rarely preserved through visual documentation especially among women engaged in skilled trades and design education. Light wear to album exterior minor toning to some prints though images remain crisp and clean. Overall very good condition. unknown books
1893réf. 6644St. Louis: A. R. Fleming & Co 1893. First edition. Very Good. Original publisher's cloth binding with gilt to spine and front board. Brown coated endpapers. Some wear to corners and head and tail of spine. Some staining to covers and corresponding dampstaining to corners of endpapers. A very good copy internally clean and unmarked. Collating viii 9-220: complete including frontis. The first book published by a policewoman in America. Despite assumptions to the contrary "women have served in organized law enforcement in the U.S. almost from the beginning. The first police departments in America were established in the 19th century and in 1845 women began working as matrons in New York City jails" Smith. The practice rapidly spread across the country where police forces needed assistance in supervising female prisoners and dealing with the specific challenges faced by this population. Women's clubs -- particularly the American Female Moral Reform Society and the Women's Christian Temperance Union -- urged recognition for the widespread violence perpetrated on female prisoners and called for meaningful change. "It was these women's groups that fought for these distinctly female positions demanding there was a need for women to take care of women.and they provided police departments with funds for paid matron positions until the government could be convinced of the necessity of having women in the police force" Maiorano. Louisa Harris having served in the prisons and courts of Missouri for nearly a decade became the first of these women to publish about her experience. The resulting narrative reflects an awareness of the social forces that put women at a disadvantage driving them toward arrests or recidivism. Domestic violence poverty and the stigma placed on sex work all do damage to women; and according to Harris these women should not be treated as or placed with violent offenders when they could with proper assistance find safety or build more secure lives. This is the motivation for Harris' memoir. In the introduction she explains that while she hesitated to publish the book which might in some readers awaken a "morbid curiosity" she ultimately moved ahead because "I reasoned that if the world knew more about the unfortunate and their revolting experiences together with the causes that promote misfortune there might be more true sympathy exhibited.While I have from personal observation become familiar with so-called criminals I have had the opportunity to learn many of the causes of the committal of crimes. The law seldom recognizes the palliating influences but humanity should." Harris calls for reforming the handling of juvenile offenders advocates for therapeutic programs for young women and taps into a number of other systemic issues of concern within policing today. Very Good. A. R. Fleming & Co unknown books
1960réf. 238201960. Civil rights law and racial justice ephemera from circa 1961 to 1975 documenting the expansion of anti discrimination policy from state and local campaigns into federal employment regulation fair housing advocacy administrative enforcement and the 1970s critique of institutional racism. The six publications move from the Kentucky Advisory Committee's reporting on discrimination in Louisville Lexington Frankfort and Hopkinsville through the federal legal apparatus created around the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Executive Order 11246 then into national organizing and statistical analysis of racial disparities during the following decade. By 1975 Fact Sheets on Institutional Racism framed inequalities in business ownership banking education housing media health and government as products of "White Control and Minority Oppression" extending the group's documentary range from laws against discriminatory acts to an analysis of the institutions in which racial inequality persisted. Archive of six pamphlets and ephemeral publicationseach approx 7 x 8 inches to 8 x 10 inches United States circa 1961 to 1975. 1 Kentucky Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Kentucky. Circa 1961. Report on civil rights activity in Louisville Lexington Frankfort and Hopkinsville addressing public accommodations employment housing and the development of the Kentucky Commission on Human Rights. Its introduction describes the state committee reports as "on-the-spot findings of informed and conscientious citizens seeking to discover the extent of denials of equal justice in their respective States and possible remedies" while also recording the activity of religious groups in breaking racial barriers. 2 Fair Housing for All: We Welcome Neighbors of Any Race Creed or Color. Circa 1960s. Public facing fair housing advocacy piece built around the image of a house enclosing the words "FOR ALL" explicitly joining residential integration to opposition to discrimination by race creed or color. 3 U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Equal Employment Opportunity Under Federal Law: A Guide to Federal Law Prohibiting Discrimination on Account of Race Religion or National Origin in Private and Public Employment. Clearinghouse Publication No. 17. August 1969. The guide sets out "The Duty of Nondiscrimination" and procedures for filing employment discrimination complaints then explains coverage under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Executive Order 11246 for federal contractors and subcontractors the National Labor Relations Act Section 1981 the Civil Rights Act of 1968 Title VI federal employment state and local government employment and "Affirmative Steps Toward Equal Employment Opportunity." 4 State of Kansas Commission on Civil Rights. The Kansas Act Against Discrimination. Circa 1972 or later. The introductory note traces the statute from its passage in 1953 through amendments in 1961 1963 1965 1967 1970 and 1972. Those amendments successively extended protection into employment hotels and restaurants broader public accommodations and real estate transactions while enlarging the Commission's investigatory and subpoena powers and in 1972 authorizing investigation of complaints of sex discrimination. 5 YWCA of the U.S.A. National Convocation on Racial Justice. Americana Hotel New York City June 15 1972. Program for a national meeting organized around plenary sessions and morning and afternoon panels naming Senator Hugh Scott Representative Ronald V. Dellums Representative Shirley Chisholm Dr. Reginald Wilson Hon. Richard Hatcher and Hon. McGeorge Bundy among its speakers. 6 Foundation for Change Inc. and Council for Interracial Books for Children. Fact Sheets on Institutional Racism: White Control and Minority Oppression. August 1975. Organized under the headings Economy Health Housing Education Media Government and Census the publication compiles contemporary statistics from sources including the U.S. Bureau of the Census Black Enterprise Ebony Jet and the Economic Priorities Report. Its economy section reports that Black Americans owned 1.2 percent of business equity 1.2 percent of farm equity and 0.1 percent of stock equity; that only one of 650 seats on the American Stock Exchange belonged to a Black firm; and that Black Americans held 72 of 14000 directorships among the 1000 largest corporations. The publications record successive stages in the institutional response to racial discrimination. The Kentucky report belongs to the period when state advisory committees gathered local testimony and documented unequal treatment before the principal federal civil rights legislation of the mid 1960s; the Kansas pamphlet records how one state repeatedly enlarged the jurisdiction and enforcement powers of its civil rights commission between 1953 and 1972. The 1969 federal employment guide shows the resulting network of statutes executive authority complaint procedures commissions and sanctions through which nondiscrimination became an administrative responsibility extending across private employment public employment organized labor and federal contracting. The fair housing piece translates the same legal and political struggle into direct public persuasion while the 1972 YWCA program places elected officials including Dellums and Chisholm within a national organizational campaign for racial justice. By 1975 Fact Sheets on Institutional Racism measured disparities that remained after more than a decade of civil rights legislation citing ownership corporate governance banking and income statistics to argue that formal legal equality had not altered the distribution of economic power. Light handling and edge wear scattered toning and occasional spotting or soiling visible to wrappers; manuscript notation and institutional library markings to the Kentucky report; contents generally clean and legible. Overall good condition. A compact documentary record of the movement from prohibiting racial discrimination in law to enforcing those prohibitions through public institutions and confronting the economic and institutional inequalities that remained. unknown books
1944réf. 5698Washington DC 1944. Very good. 16pp. Gathered signatures stapled. Minor creasing light discoloration to outer leaves. Pencil note on last page reads "From Natl Council for a Permanent FEPC Wash DC." A rare slip-bill printing of Senator Dennis Chavez's first attempt at legislation intended "to prohibit discrimination in employment because of race creed color national origin or ancestry." New Mexico Senator Dennis Chavez 1888-1962 was a lawyer and only the second Mexican-American to serve in the United States Senate. The present document represents a critical moment in Chavez's career in the Senate which occurred near the end of World War II. Chavez saw the need to protect fair employment practices for minorities returning home from war or for those who had worked in the defense industry during the conflict. FDR's Executive Orders 8802 which forbid discrimination in hiring practices within the defense industry and 9346 which created a five-member Fair Employment Practices Committee FEPC to ensure fairness helped during the war but were only a temporary fix. During its three-year run Senator Chavez reported hundreds of cases of discrimination to the FEPC with regard to unfair hiring practices wage differentials and discrimination in public accommodations but he wanted a more permanent and broader-ranging solution. The present document is Senator Chavez's first shot across the bow. In it he proposes to end employment discrimination across the whole of American life through the establishment of a permanent Federal Employment Practices Commission. In addition to defining the composition and other details of the commission membership salaries reporting duties location of offices etc. the bill stipulates that the commission's chief duty is the "Prohibition of Unfair Employment Practices" defines the commission's investigative powers gives it authority to make or change regulations to align with this act requires non-discriminatory language in government contracts stipulates penalties for persons resisting impeding or interfering with the commission's work and so forth. Of course Chavez's bill did not pass into law in 1944. Through a series of procedural gymnastics including a Senate filibuster opponents killed the bill a few different times in the years to come. When Chavez finally withdrew his bill following a failed cloture vote in February 1946 he commented that it was only the beginning of the struggle for civil rights and that the country would indeed move forward. In his article entitled "Dennis Chavez and the National Agenda: 1933-1946" Roy Lujan concludes: "Chavez's failure in civil rights legislation may be attributed to the fact that his vision and goals were too far-reaching. In the mid 1940s the United States was not ready to accept civil rights. Many people throughout the country and some of his Senate colleagues could not or would not recognize or correct discriminatory practices. Nevertheless through Chavez's fight for civil rights legislation he challenged southerners longstanding control of the Senate on this issue. Chavez's strong commitment to fight racial intolerance laid the groundwork and encouraged and inspired other congressmen to introduce civil rights legislation which finally came to pass under the Lyndon Johnson administration. In 1964 twenty years after Chavez first introduced his bill to create a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission Congress invoked cloture to cut off debate after a fifty-seven-day southern-run filibuster and then enacted the 1964 Civil Rights Act. A provision of that act prohibits employers and labor unions from discriminating because of race color sex religion or national origin." Sadly Chavez died in 1962 and thus did not live to see many of the ideas in the present document passed into law as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The present document defines what could have been.twenty years earlier. Roy Lujan: "Dennis Chavez and the National Agenda: 1933-1946" New Mexico Historical Review Vol. 74 No. 1 1999 pp.55-74. unknown books