‎Hebraic literature‎

‎(Jt) Hertz, Joseph H.‎

‎THE BATTLE FOR THE SABBATH AT GENEVA‎

‎Original Wraps. 8vo. 76 pages. 25 cm. First edition. With seven leaves of plates. "Read before the Jewish Historical Society of England on December 16, 1931, and ... Herewith reprinted, annotated and documented, from the forthcoming volume XIII of the society's Transactions. " This work by Joseph Herman Hertz, the chief Rabbi of England, is a history of the Gregorian calendar reform proposed by the League of Nations, and the struggle of Jewish participants to prevent any curtailment of the Sabbath by reorganizing the weeks: “Occasionally, a general topic of special interest to the Jews was placed on the agenda of the League, as in the case of the question of the reform of the Gregorian calendar. After six years of preliminary studies, the matter was brought up for debate in October 1931. From almost 200 propositions submitted, considerable support was given to one suggesting that the year be divided into 13 equal months of 28 days and that the last day (or the last two days in a leap year) should be trimmed off and deemed an extra day, or 'blank day. ' By the terms of this proposal, the regular sequence of seven-day weeks would have been interrupted by the introduction of the 'blank day' and the Sabbath would have moved to a different weekday each year. As this would have seriously prejudiced Sabbath observance, the Jewish spokesmen led by the chief rabbis of France and Britain fought the reform project. In the face of the combined opposition of many governments, the Jews, the Seventh-Day Adventists, and other bodies, the conference concluded almost unanimously that the time was not ripe for modifying the Gregorian calendar. Since the League of Nations was an organization of states and not of nations, the Jews as such were naturally unable to participate in its activities. However, where the participation of nongovernmental, international, or national organizations was considered desirable on certain commissions or at conferences convened under the aegis of the League, Jewish organizations were also invited to nominate permanent representatives or send observers. Thus, for example, Jewish observers were invited to attend the conference on calendar reform and were authorized to voice their opinions. ” (JE 2008) Subjects: Sabbath. Calendar. League of Nations – Calendar Reform. Light soiling to wraps, otherwise fresh. Very good condition. (SPEC-39-34)‎

‎(Jt) Herzl, Theodor) World Zionist Organization.‎

‎THEODOR HERZL : EIN GEDENKBUCH ZUM 25. TODESTAGE.‎

‎8vo. 77 pages. Illustrated. In German. SUBJECT (S) : Zionism – Austria – biography; Herzl, Theodor, 1860-1904. Includes extracts from Theodor Herzl's works, diaries, speeches, etc. One of the most famous Zionist leader, Herzl was born in Budapest in 1860. While he did study law in Vienna, most of his early intellectual work concentrated on literature and journalism. He was launched into Zionism in 1896, motivated by the Dreyfus case, and fueled by the translation into English of his “Judenstaat. ” The next year he planned the first Zionist Congress, and was elected it's president; at following Congresses, he was continually reelected. Heads of state throughout Europe conferred with Herzl in his position as leader of the Zionists. In particular, he worked with the British government for the establishment of territory for the Jews in the Middle East. He died in 1904. (Singer & Haas, JE) . Pages a little tanned, good condition. (GER-25-5)‎

‎(JT) Hiat, Philip, Philip E. Miller and Michael Alan Signer‎

‎A VISUAL TESTIMONY--JUDAICA FROM THE VATICAN LIBRARY‎

‎Softcover, 4to, 104 pages, illustrated, some color, 31 cm. SUBJECT (S) : Manuscripts, Hebrew -- Vatican City -- Exhibitions. Jewish illumination of books and manuscripts -- Vatican City -- Exhibitions. Biblioteca apostolica vaticana -- Exhibitions. Hebreeuwse handschriften. Manuscrits hebreux -- Catalogues d’exposition. Enluminure -- Catalogues d’exposition. Biblioteca apostolica vaticana -- Catalogues d’exposition. Includes bibliographical references. Very good condition. (Art-6-9A)‎

‎(Jt) Higger, Michael‎

‎OTSAR HA-BARAYTOT - volume 1 only‎

‎Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion 1968. Introduction by Abraham Cronbach Royal octavo, blue cloth with gold lettering, endpapers illustrated with pages from an early printed book, 54 pp., illustrations by Button Wenk, Very Good . (BIB-16-16D)‎

‎(Jt) Higger, Michael‎

‎OTSAR HA-BARAYTOT - volume 5 only‎

‎Hardcover, 629 pages, 8vo. 22 cm. In Hebrew. Sefer Zayin. SUBJECT (S) : Baraitha. Includes bibliographies. Higger, a great scholar, taught at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. JTS copy with bookplate. Ex-library with usual markings. Otherwise, very good condition. (BIB-16-16C)‎

‎(Jt) Hillels, Shlomo.‎

‎BE-HAMIR ARETS : ROMAN BI-SHENE SEFARIM. VOLUME 2.‎

‎(FT) 8vo. 263 pages. In Hebrew. Volume two (of two) only. SUBJECT(S) : Fiction. OCLC lists 8 copies worldwide. "Hillels [1873-1953] was raised in Bessarabia, and he served as principal of the Jewish public school of Marcolesti. In 1918 he headed the Office of the Federated Councils which was established in Romania to aid the refugees fleeing the Ukraine in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. In 1921 he moved to Kishinev where he was appointed supervisor of the Tarbut Hebrew schools in Bessarabia. In 1925 he settled in Palestine where he taught in the Mikveh Israel agricultural school and was the director of Beit Bialik (Bialik House) in Tel Aviv. During World War II he lived in the United States. His early pieces appeared in the 1890s in Ha-Zefirah and in Ha-Meliz. However, his best works were written after he went to Palestine... His writings are realistic, and tempered by a profound faith in man. " (EJ, 2007) Ex library with minimal markings. Very good condition. (HebLit-5-32)‎

‎(Jt) Hirschberg, H. Z. ; E Bashan‎

‎MI-MIZRAH UMI-MA'ARAV: KOVETS MEHKARIM BE-TOLDOT HA-YEHUDIM BA-MIZRAH UVE-MAGREB = EAST AND MAGHREB [VOLUMES 1-2]‎

‎Original Cloth. 8vo. XXI, 331; XVIII, 235 pages. 23 cm. In Hebrew. Summaries in English. Volumes one and two: East and Maghreb, Researches in the History of the Jews in the Orient and North Africa. Kerekh 1. 'arukh bi-yede H. Z. Hirshberg; be-hishtatfut E. Bashan - kerekh 2. Ba-'arikhat Eliezer Bashan, Avraham Rubinstein, Shim'on Shvartsfuks. Volume one includes ten essays and eight plates (including three maps) : with essays on Sephardim and Ashkenazim in the Ottoman Empire, the economic basis of Yeshivot in the Ottoman Empire, structure of the Rabbinate in the Ottoman Empire, Emancipation of Tunisian Jewry, etc. Volume two contains eleven essays: Divorce proceedings in Cairo Genizah documents, the Sages of Salonika, Responsum of R. Haim Capusi, Elegies of Rabbi Shalom Shabazi, Hebrew Printing in the Maghreb, Sephardi Rabbinical Emissaries to the Maghreb after World War 1, etc. Subjects: Jews - Turkey. Judaism - Turkey. Jews - Africa, North. Judaism - Africa, North. Ethnic relations. Institutional stamp on endpage, light water staining to upper margins, otherwise clean and fresh. Good condition. (SEF-53-18)‎

‎(Jt) Hirshenzon, Hayim‎

‎SEFER TORAT HA-HINUKH HA-YISREELI‎

‎(FT) Cloth, 202 pages, 8vo, 24 cm. In Hebrew. Subject: Jewish religious education of children. Jews -- Education -- History. Wear and tear on cover and binding. Pages 21-25 slight tear. Institutional bookplate, Slight stain on title page and first page, otherwise good condition. (k-rab-1-24)‎

‎(jt) Holdheim) Heilpern, Pinhas Menahem.‎

‎TESHUVOT BE-ANSHE ON. HOLDHAIM VE-RE`AV BE-MIKHTAVIM SHELOSHAH `ESER.‎

‎Frankfurt am Main: No Date (1845) . Cloth, 8vo, 72 pages. 20 cm. In Hebrew. Orthdox booklet attacking Holdheim and the radical Reform. SUBJECT(S) : Reform Judaism -- Controversial literature. OCLC lists 8 institutions with copies (Harvard, Stanford, UCLA, GWU, Florida, Penn, Washington U, NYPL) . Library blind stamp on title page, some wear & staining, Good Condition. (GH-4-6)‎

‎(Jt) Holdheim, Samuel.‎

‎UEBER DIE BESCHNEIDUNG ZUNÄCHT IN RELIGIÖS-DOGMATISCHER BEZIEHUNG.‎

‎8vo. 88 pages. In German. SUBJECT (S) : Circumcision. OCLC lists 11 copies worldwide. Holdheim (1806-1860) was a German Reform leader. He preached in German, established modern schools, and held services on Sundays. His general idea was to separate Jews' religious imperative from their civic duties owed to the countries they lived in. (Levinger, EJ) Boards worn, pages foxed, good condition. (MX-21-4)‎

‎(Jt) Holscher, Gustav.‎

‎DER SADDUZÄISMUS: EINE KRITISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG ZUR SPÄTEREN JÜDISCHEN RELIGIONSGESCHICHTE.‎

‎8vo. 116 pages. In German. SUBJECT (S) : Sadducees. Ex library. Boards worn, backstrip missing, pages wrinkled from moisture, good- condition. (GER-27-3)‎

‎(Jt) Hornik, M. P. , Castro, Americo‎

‎COLLECTED STUDIES IN HONOUR OF AMERICO CASTRO'S 80TH YEAR‎

‎Hardcover, 8vo, 482 pages. S. 479-482: Americo Castro. Selected bibliography. The Richard Kronstein foundation for the promotion of Jewish and cognate studies. Castro (1885–1972) , was a “Spanish historian and literary critic. Castro was a professor at the University of Madrid and later at Princeton University. He interpreted the culture and history of Spain as a result of the coming together of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, which created a peculiarly Hispanic form of life, different both from the East and from the civilization of Western Europe. The expulsion of 1492 was in Castro's view the result of uncontainable pressures from below. He believes that the preoccupation with purity of lineage in Christian Spain from the 15th century on was a transfer of a Jewish concept, due to the infiltration of converts into Christian society. The use of secrecy and informers by the Inquisition was a continuation of methods used by Jewish tribunals. Ultimately, according to Castro, it was the Jews and their descendants the Conversos who were responsible for the discrimination by the Spaniards against the New Christians because of the latter's blood or race and for the cruel and unjust methods employed by the Inquisition and the maltreatment of those who were brought to trial before it. These were all derived from Jewish sources and traditions. Castro relied on "evidence" from the Bible, from the origin of the Spanish aristocracy, from medieval Jewish authors like Santob de Carrion (Shem Tov ben Ardutiel) , R. Moses Arragel, R. Asher ben Yehiel, R. Solomon ben Adret, and others. Castro's evidence is based entirely on a basic misunderstanding of the sources, of the Jews' understanding of the biblical text, and of the essence of Jewish law” (Scholberg in EJ 2007) . OCLC lists 1 copy worldwide (National Library of Sweden) . Heavily warped by waterdamage, but completely usable with no explicit damage (plates were not printed on glossy paper, but rather high-grade flat paper, so they did not stick) . Ex-library with usual markings. Staining to cover. Staining on edges of pages. Good condition. Important and scarce. (Sef-18-17)‎

‎(Jt) Horovitz, Saul.‎

‎DIE PSYCHOLOGIE BEI DEN JÜDISCHEN RELIGIONSPHILOSOPHEN DES MITTELALTERS VON SAADIA BIS MAIMUNI. HEFT II: DIE PSYCHOLOGIE DER JÜDISCHEN NEUPLATONIKER. A. GABIROL.‎

‎Breslau: Th. Schatzky, 1900. Boards; 8vo. [77]-146 pages. In German. Volume II of a series. "Sonder-Abdruck aus dem Jahres-Bericht des jüdish-theologischen Seminars zu Breslau, 1900." Includes bibliographical references and errata. Horovitz was a Hungarian-born scholar of talmudic literature and medieval religious philosophy. With "a comprehensive knowledge of Jewish lore and of Latin, Greek, and Arabic, [he] made a significant contribution to Jewish and Islamic philosophical studies. " His work "is distinguished not by its quantity but by its maturity and solidity. " (Moshe David Herr, EJ) SUBJECT(S) : Judaism -- Psychology. Philosophy, Jewish. Front hinge cracked; flyleaf detached, but present. Sunned. Interior in very good condition. (GER-6-12)‎

‎(Jt) Hunterberg, Max.‎

‎THE CRUCIFIED JEW: WHO CRUCIFIED JESUS?‎

‎New York: Bloch Publishing Company, 1927. Cloth. 8vo. 106 pages. An essay on the wrongful persecution of the Jews for the death of Christ. SUBJECT (S) : Jesus Christ-Jewish Interpretations; Jesus Christ-Crucifixion. Gilt lettering on cover. Spine faded. Personal copy of Israel Goldstein with his bookplate. Otherwise in Very Good condition. (AMRN-13-21) .‎

‎(Jt) Hurwitz, S. L.‎

‎SEFER HA-MEZUZAH : `IM OR HA-MITSVOT. `EREKH HA-MITSVOT VE-TA`AME HA-MITSVOT BI-KHLAL VE-MITSVAT MEZUZAH BI-FRAT ... `IM KUNTERES HA-HALAKHAH. `INYENE HA-HALAKHAH BE-NOGE`A LE-MITSVOT VE-KHAVANAH, VE-`INYENE HA-HALAKHAH SHEBA-MITSVAT MEZUZAH, `AL-PI GEDOLE HA-POSKIM.‎

‎(FT) 8vo. 210 pages. In Hebrew. First edition. English title: The sefer ha-mesusa : all the commandments and their reasons. Includes list of board members and donors. SUBJECT(S) : Mezuza; Commandments (Judaism) . OCLC lists 22 copies worldwide. Corners bumped, smudge on title page, front hinge repaired, good condition. (RAB-23-12)‎

‎(Jt) Hyman, Aaron‎

‎OTSAR DIVRE HAKHAMIM U-FITGAMEHEM: HU SEFER "BET VAAD LE-HAKHAMIM" BE-MILUI? M UVE-TIKUNIM RABIM ...‎

‎Hardcover, 4, 564 pages, 8vo, 25 cm. In Hebrew and Aramaic. SUBJECT (S) : Jews -- Quotations. Talmud - Quotations. Other Titles: Bet vaad la-hakhamim. OCLC lists 25 copies worldwide. Hinge repair. Notes inside front cover. Spine repair. Bumped corners and edges. Otherwise, very good condition. (BIB-16-19)‎

‎(Jt) Ibn Gabirol, Eliezer Lipman Silberman, Yehuda Ibn Tibon‎

‎SEFER GOREN NAKHON: VEHU TIKUN MIDOT HA-NEFESH‎

‎Softcover, 12mo, 37 pages, 16 cm. In Hebrew. SUBJECT (S) : Jewish ethics -- Early works to 1800. Translated from the Arabic by Yehudah ibn Tibon. Other Titles: Goren nakhon. Chipping to edges. Stained cover and pages. Wear and chipping to cover binding. Otherwise, good condition. (Heb-28-4)‎

‎(Jt) Ibn-Zahav, Ari.‎

‎YERUSHALAYIM SHEL MA`ALAH.‎

‎(FT) 8vo. 91 pages. Frontispiece. In Hebrew. SUBJECT(S) : Jerusalem - poetry; Poetry, Hebrew. Ex library. Gift inscription on half title page, good condition. (HebLit-5-12)‎

‎(Jt) Imber, Naphtali Herz‎

‎TREASURES OF TWO WORLDS; UNPUBLISHED LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS OF THE JEWISH NATION‎

‎Later Wraps. 8vo. VI, 201 pages. 21 cm. First edition. Scarce. Contents include: History of mysticism: the Mahatmas of the Essenes; The wonders of the original Mahatmas; Tales of Rabba Bar Barchana; Ghost stories of an unknown; Titus; The Miserere; Rabbi Ishmael; Spanish spoilation, or the Grand Inquisition; French frivolity; Jewish Trials in Germany; Education and Talmud. Naphtali Herz Imber (1856–1909) , “poet and author of 'Ha-Tikvah' ('The Hope') , the Zionist and later the Israel national anthem. He was born in Galicia where he received an intensive traditional but no secular education. Imber went to Palestine with Laurence Oliphant, a Christian Zionist whom he met in Constantinople in 1882 and whom he served as secretary and adviser on Jewish affairs in Palestine (1882–88) . In 1888, he returned to Europe but soon his restless nature took him back to the East and he wandered as far as Bombay. In India, as in Palestine, he was wooed by missionaries and was later accused of apostasy. Even Israel Zangwill, with whom he became friendly in London, believed that Imber converted to Christianity in order to escape starvation. Imber inspired the character of Melchizedek in Zangwill's novel Children of the Ghetto. In 1892 he went to the United States and traveled throughout the land. After a brief visit to London, he returned to America where he spent the rest of his life in squalor, misery, and alcoholism. Fortunately, the poet again found a patron; this time in the person of Judge Mayer Sulzberger, who gave him a monthly subvention. Imber's colorful personality attracted Amanda Katie, a Protestant physician of high intellect and of unusual charm. She converted to Judaism and married him, but after a brief interval of happiness, their marriage was dissolved. Tikvatenu (later changed to Ha-Tikvah) appeared in his first volume of poems Barkai ('Dawn') and is dated 'Jerusalem 1884.' In his second volume of poems, Barkai he-Hadash ('The New Dawn') , published in 1900 by his devoted brother Shemaryahu, there was a poem dedicated to his wife ('Shir ha-Shirim') . Imber published part of his biography in the Jewish Standard (London) , and it was republished by G. Yardeni-Agmon in D. Carpi (ed. ) , Ha-Hiyyonut (1970) , 357–462. In 1905, his Hebrew translation of Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam was published under the title Ha-Kos ('The Cup') . Imber also translated some of his own poems into English and wrote several tracts in English on talmudic literature. ” EJ 2008. Subjects: Jewish legends. Jews – Folklore. Light soiling throughout, lightly worn edges, otherwise fresh. Good - condition. (SPEC-40-26)‎

‎(Jt) Institut Zum Studium Der Judenfrage.‎

‎DIE JUDEN IN DEUTSCHLAND.‎

‎Munich: Franz Eher Nachf. , 1936. Cloth, 4to. 416 pages. 4. Auflage. 17.-21. Tausend. In German. Illustrated with tables. Major Nazi propaganda work outlining their view of the negative role Jews played in the history of Germany. SUBJECT (S) : Jews -- Germany. OCLC lists 5 copies worldwide of this edition (Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Penn, US Holocaust Meml Museum) . Stamped "Landgericht Heidelberg" ("Heidelberg Regional Court") on flyleaf and title page. Inscribed "Germany April 28, 1945. Presented to Dr. Dinin as a souvenir from Germany. S/Sgt H. Norman Tress. " Tress was the illustrator of Jewish Customs and Ceremonies (1941) ; Dr. Dinin was a JTS professor who was sent to the West Coast in 1945 by that institution. He "played a key role in developing several institutional pillars of Jewish education in [Los Angeles], including the West Coast's Bureau of Jewish Education (BJE) affiliate, the University of Judaism (UJ) and Camp Ramah. And, by extension, he has nourished many of the city's Jewish minds. " (Michael Aushenker, The Jewish Journal) Ex-library with minimal markings. Water damaged; some warping to pages. Text in very good condition. (GR-07A-6)‎

‎(Jt) Ishbili, Yom-Tob Ban Abraham; Kalman Kahana.‎

‎SEFER HA-ZIKARON.‎

‎(FT) 8vo. 79 pages. In Hebrew. SUBJECT(S) : Maimonides, Moses, 1135-1204 – Dalalat al-hairin; Nahmanides, ca. 1195-ca. 1270 – Perush ha-Torah; Bible. O. T. Pentateuch – commentaries. OCLC lists 17 copies worldwide. Has soiled dust jacket. Ex library. Good condition. (RAB-24-20)‎

‎(Jt) Jacobowitz, Abraham Leib [A. A. Akavia]‎

‎HA-LUAH VE-SHIMUSHO BI-KHRONOLOGYA = THE CALENDAR AND ITS USE FOR CHRONOLOGICAL PURPOSES INCLUDING A JEWISH-CHRISTIAN-MOSLEM CALENDAR FROM THE CREATION TO THE YEAR 6000 A.M.‎

‎Original Boards. 8vo. 182 pages. 25 cm. First edition. In Hebrew. 'The Calendar and its Chronological Use: A reference book for technical and historical chronology. ' With material on the Tequfah of Nisan, Tequfot reckoning, chronology, material on conversion of dates (including conversion of Jewish-Christian-Moslem dates) . Avraham Aryeh Leib Akavya (Yakobovits) (1882–1964) , “Polish-born Hebrew and Yiddish writer and editor. After the publication of his first story in David Frischmann's Ha-Dor (1901) , Akavya became a steady contributor to the Hebrew press and literary periodicals. He also wrote stories and novels in Yiddish, and translated from Yiddish to Hebrew. Akavya edited several Yiddish weeklies, the Hebrew daily Ha-Boker (with D. Frischmann (1909) ) , the biweekly for youth Shibbolim, and (after World War I) Ha-Zefirah and Ha-Yom. He went to Palestine in 1935 and was an editor of the short Massadah encyclopedia and later the chief editor of the Yizre'el encyclopedia. He devoted many years of research to the Hebrew calendar and published various books on the subject. ” - EJ 2008 Subjects: Jewish calendar. Jewish chronology. OCLC lists 16 copies. Scarce. Light wear to boards, bookplate on endpage, otherwise clean and fresh. Good condition. (BIBLE-14-20)‎

‎(Jt) Jacobs, Joseph.‎

‎STUDIES IN BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY.‎

‎London: D. Nutt, 1894. Hardcover. 8vo. 148 pages. Seven different essays about the Bible and various subjects, including totem-clans in the Old Testament. SUBJECT (S) : Bible-Antiquities. OCLC lists 41 copies worldwide. Gilt lettering on cover and binding. Colored endpapers. Slight damage to corners; occasional spotting in text but no damage to text. Overall in very good condition. (BR-8-6) .‎

‎(Jt) Jawitz, Wolf.‎

‎TOLDOT YISRAEL : METUKAN `AL PI HA-MEKOROT HA-RISHONIM. VOLUME 9 : ME-RESHIT RABANAN SABORAI 4234 `AD SOF YEME HA-GEONIM.‎

‎(FT) 8vo. 236 pages. In Hebrew. Volume nine (of fourteen) only. SUBJECT(S) : Jews - history; Israel - history. OCLC lists 15 copies worldwide. Bookplate, occasional spots on pages, otherwise good condition. (HebLit-5-17)‎

‎(Jt) Jechiel Ben Samuel, Aus Pisa; David Kaufmann.‎

‎SEFER MINHAT KENAOT.‎

‎(FT) 8vo. Xvii, 118 pages. In Hebrew. Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi (Ha-Penini; probably born in the 1280s and died about 1340), was a "poet and philosopher. Possibly a native of Béziers, Jedaiah is known to have spent time in Perpignan and Montpellier. Little is known of his personal history. He may have been a physician. Jedaiah's intellectual interests were literary and philosophic, although the two spheres were not clearly separated. In his youth, he composed a poetic prayer of 1,000 words titled " Bakkashat ha-Memim," every word of which begins with the letter mem (in Olelot ha-Bohen, 1808). He is also credited with a similar composition, every word of which begins with alef, but many believe that this latter poem was written by Jedaiah's father. In popular style he composed Ohev Nashim ('In Defense of Women,' ed. by A. Neubauer in Jubelschrift… L. Zunz (1884), pt. 1, 138–40; pt. 2, 1–19). His best-known literary work is Sefer Behinat Olam ('The Book of the Examination of the World'), a lyrical, ethical monograph on the theme of the futility and vanity of this world, and the inestimably greater benefits of intellectual and religious pursuits. Behinat Olam, written in florid prose and rich in imagery, combines philosophic doctrine and religious fervor with a good measure of asceticism and pessimism" (Ruth Glasner in EJ, 2007). SUBJECT(S) : Philosophy and religion; Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi, ca. 1270-ca. 1340. SERIES: Sefarim ha-yotsim la-or ba-pa`am ha-rishonah `al yede Hevrat Mekitse nirdamim, ; shenat 14. OCLC lists 15 copies worldwide. Good condition. (GER-28-1)‎