‎Mathematics‎

‎"KILLING, WILHELM.‎

‎Die Zusammensetzung der stetigen endlichen Transformationsgruppen. - [THE FOUNDATION OF A STRUCTURE THEORY FOR LIE ALGEBRAS]‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1888. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Begründet 1888 durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. XXXIII. [33] Band. 1. Heft."" Entire issue offered. Wrappers with a few nicks, internally fine and clean. [Killing:] Pp. 1-48. [Entire issue: Pp. IV,160 pp].‎

‎First publication of Killing's seminal paper in which he laid the foundation of a structure theory for Lie algebras.""In particular he classified all the simple Lie algebras. His method was to associate with each simple Lie algebra a geometric structure known as a root system. He used linear transformation, to study and classify root systems, and then derived the structure of the corresponding Lie algebra from that of the root system.""(Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences)Unfortunately for Killing a myth arose that his work was riddled with error, which later has been proved untrue. ""As a result, many key concepts that are actually due to Killing bear names of later mathematicians, including ""Cartan subalgebra"", ""Cartan matrix"" and ""Weyl group"". As mathematician A. J. Coleman says, ""He exhibited the characteristic equation of the Weyl group when Weyl was 3 years old and listed the orders of the Coxeter transformation 19 years before Coxeter was born.""The theory of Lie groups, after the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie, is a structure having both algebraic and topological properties, the two being related.‎

Bookseller reference : 44433

‎"KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAVE ROBERT - KIRCHHOFF'S HYDRODYNAMICS.‎

‎Ueber die Bewegung eines Rotationskörpers in einer Flüssigkeit. + Ueber die Kräfte. welche zwei unendlich dünne, starre Ringe in einer Flüssigkeit scheinbar auf einander ausüben können. (2 Papers).‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1870. 4to. Without wrappers. In: ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 71. Bd., Heft 3, pp. (2),201-304. Entire issue offered with titlepage. Kirchhoff's papers: pp. 237-262 and pp. 263-273. Light browning to titlepage. A few scattered brownspots to margins.‎

‎First printing of these two importent papers, forming the substance of Kirchhoff's hydrodynamics.Kirchhoff was the first to show how the differential equations as used on rigid bodies, could elegantly be used on ideal fluid bodies, to. (The Kirchhoff-Clebsch equations).The issue contains further R. Lipschitz: Entwicklung einiger Eigenschaften der quadratischen Formen von n Differentialen. 1.-2. Mittheilung. Pp. 274-287 and 288-304.‎

Bookseller reference : 41673

‎"KILLING, WILHELM.‎

‎Die Zusammensetzung der stetigen endlichen Transformationsgruppen. - [THE FOUNDATION OF A STRUCTURE THEORY FOR LIE ALGEBRAS]‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1888. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Begründet 1888 durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. XXXIII. [33] Band. 1. Heft."" Entire issue offered. Wrappers with a few nicks, internally fine and clean. [Killing:] Pp. 1-48. [Entire issue: Pp. IV,160 pp].‎

‎"KILLING, WILHELM.‎

‎Zur projectiven Geometrie.‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1893. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Begründet 1893 durch Alfred Clebsch und Carl Neumann. 43. Band.41. Heft."" Entire issue offered. [Killing:] Pp. 569-90. [Entire issue: Pp. 457-601 pp].‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX‎

‎Beweis für die Nichtauflösbarkeit der Ikosaedergleichung durch Wurzelzeichen.‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1905. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Begründet durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. 61. Band. 3. Heft."" Entire issue offered. Internally very fine and clean. Pp. 369-371. [Entire issue: Pp. 289-452].‎

‎First printing of Klein's paper on the Icosahedron.""One of the leading mathematicians of his age, Klein made many stimulating and fruitful contributions to almost all branches of mathematics, including applied mathematics and mathematical physics. Moreover, his extensive activity contributed greatly to making Göttingen the chief center of the exact sciences in Germany. An opponent of one sided approaches, he possessed an extraordinary ability to discover quickly relationships between different areas of research and to exploit them fruitfully."" (DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 46191

‎"KLEENE, S. C. [STEPHEN COLE].‎

‎On Notation for Ordinal Numbers.‎

‎Wisconsin, The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1938-39. Lev8vo. Entire volume one of ""Journal of Symbolic Logic"" (i.e. number 1-4), March 1938, June 1938, October 1938, January 1939. Bound in blue half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Crossed-out library paper-label to lower part of spine and top left corner of front board. Two library stamps (in Chinese) to verso of title page. Internally a very fine and clean copy of the entire volume. [Kleene:] Pp. 150-55. [Entire volume: IV, 212 pp.].‎

‎First printing Kleene's milestone paper in which Kleene's O (Ordial numbers), a recursive function, is introduced. In set theory and computability theory, Kleene's is a canonical subset of the natural numbers when regarded as ordinal notations.""In the seventeenth century, Leibniz envisaged a universal language that would allow one to reduce mathematical proofs to simple computations. Then, during the nineteenth century, llgicians such as Charles Babbage, Boole, Frege and Peano tried to formalize mathematical reasoning by an ""algebraization"" of logic. Finally, [...] Gödel, Church and Stephen Kleene introduced the notion of recursive functions. (The Princeston Companion to Mathematics. P. 111).The volume also contains the following papers of interest:1. Quine, W. V. Completeness of the propositional calculus. Pp. 37-402. Quine, W. V. On the theory of types. Pp. 125-39.3. Church, Alonzo. Additions and corrections to A bibliography of symbolic logic. Pp. 178-92.‎

Bookseller reference : 44273

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Ueber die sogenannte Nicht-Euklidische Geometrie (+) Ueber die sogenannte Nicht-Euklidische Geometrie. (Zweiter Aufsatz). - [TWO MAIN WORKS ON NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY]‎

‎Leipzig, B.G.Teubner, 1871 u. 1873. Bound in 2 later full cloth. Small stamp on foot of titlepages.In. ""Mathematische Annalen. In Verbindung mit C. Neumann begründet durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch"", IV. und VI. Band. (4),637 pp. a. (4),642 pp., 6 plates. Klein's papers: pp. 573-625 a. pp. 112-145. Both volumes offered.‎

‎First edition of these 2 papers which unifies the Euclidean and Non-Euclidean geometries, by reducing the differences to expressions of the ""distance function"", and introducing the concepts ""parabolic"", ""elliptic"" and ""hyperbolic"" for the geometries of Euclid, Riemann and of Lobatschewski, Gauss and Bolyai. He further eliminates Euclid's parallel-axiom from projective geometry, as he shows that the quality of being parallel, is not invariant under projections.Klein build his work on Cayley's ""distant measure"" saying, that ""Metrical properties are not properties of the figure per se but of the figure in relation to the absolute."" This is Cayley's idea of the general projective determination of metrics. The place of the metric concept in projective geometry and the greater generality of the latter were described by Cayley as ""Metrical geometry is part of projective geometry."" Cayley's idea was taken over by Felix Klein....It seemed to him to be possible to subsume the non-Euclidean geometries, hyperbolic and double elliptic geometry, under projective geometry by exploring Cayley's idea. He gave a sketch of his thoughts in a paper of 1871, and then developed them in two papers (the papers offered here).Klein was the first to recognize that we do not need surfaces to obtain models of non-Euclidean geometries....The import which gradually emerged from Klein's contributions was that projective geometry is really logically independent of Euclidean geometry....By making apparent the basic role of projective geometry Klein paved the way for an axiomatic development which could start with projective geometry and derive the several metric geometries from it.""(Morris Kline).The offred volumes cntains other importen mathematical papers by f.i. by Klebsch, Lipschitz, Neumann, Noether, Thomae, Gordan, Lie, Du Bois-Raymond, Cantor (Über trigonometrische Reihen),etc.(Sommerville: Bibliography of Non-Euclidean Geometry p. 45 a. 49.)‎

Bookseller reference : 41204

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Ueber die Transformation elfter Ordnung der elliptischen Functionen. (i.e. ""On the eleventh order transformation of elliptic functions""). - [BELYI'S THEOREM]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1879. 8vo. In the original wrappers without backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 15, heft 3 + 4, 1879. Entire issue offered. Very fine and clean. Pp. 533-554. [Entire issue: 305-576 + 1 folded plate].‎

‎First printing of what later was to be known af Belyi's theorem or Belyi functions named after G. V. Belyi in 1979. Belyi functions and dessins d'enfants dates to the work of Felix Klein" he used them in this study an 11-fold cover of the complex projective line with monodromy group PSL.‎

Bookseller reference : 47155

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Ueber einen liniengeometrischen Satz (+) Zur Interpretation der complexen Elemente in der Geometrie (+) Eine Uebertragung des Pascal'schen Satzes auf Raumgeometrie (+) Ueber den allgemeinen Functionsbegriff und dessen Darstellung durch eine willkürli...‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1883. 8vo. Bound with the original wrappers in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 22., 1883. Entire volume offered. Wear to extremities. Library label pasted on to top of spine. Small library stamp to lower part of verso of title page. Very fine and clean. VI, 592 pp.‎

‎First printing of Klein's papers on geometry.""One of the leading mathematicians of his age, Klein made many stimulating and fruitful contributions to almost all branches of mathematics, including applied mathematics and mathematical physics. Moreover, his extensive activity contributed greatly to making Göttingen the chief center of the exact sciences in Germany. An opponent of one sided approaches, he possessed an extraordinary ability to discover quickly relationships between different areas of research and to exploit them fruitfully."" (DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 60095

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Vergleichende Betrachtungen über neuere geometrische Forschungen. - [THE ERLANGER PROGRAMM IMPROVED]‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1893. 8vo. Orig. printed wrappers (no backstrip) to Heft 1, 43. Bd. of ""Mathematische Annalen"", the whole issue pp. IV,144. Klein's paper: pp.63-100. Frontwrapper repaired with the same kind of paper and without loss of letters. The sewing somewhat loose. Frontwrapper loose.‎

‎This is the second printing of Klein's famous ""Erlanger Programm"" having Klein's own improvements.For over two millennia geometry had been the study of theorems which could be proved from Euclid's axioms. However, in the beginning of the 19th century it was proved that there exist other geometries than that of Euclid. Motivated by the emergence of the new geometries of Bolyai, Lobachevsky, and Riemann, Klein proposed to define a geometry, not by a set of axioms, but instead in terms of the transformations that leave it invariant" according to Klein, a geometric structure consists of a space together with a particular group of transformations of the space. A valid theorem in that particular geometry is one that holds under this group of transformations. This controversial idea did not only give a more systematic way of classifying the different geometries, but also gave birth to new geometric structures such as manifolds. The Erlanger Programm was translated into six languages in the following two decades, and it has had an immense influence on geometry up to and throughout the 20th century.‎

Bookseller reference : 40593

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Zur Nicht-Euklidischen Geometrie (+) Ueber die Nullstellen der hypergeometrischen Reihe.‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1890. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip and a small nick to front wrapper. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Begründet durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. XXXVII. [37]. Band. 4. Heft."" Entire issue offered. Internally very fine and clean. [Klein:] Pp. 544-72"" 573-90. [Entire issue: Pp. pp. 465-604].‎

‎First printing of Klein's important contribution to non-Euclidean geometry. Klein saw a fundamental unity in the subject of non-Euclidean geometry. Rather than a heterogeneous collection of abstruse mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry was in Klein's view a ""concrete discipline"".For over two millennia geometry had been the study of theorems which could be proved from Euclid's axioms. However, in the beginning of the 19th century it was proved that there exist other geometries than that of Euclid. Motivated by the emergence of the new geometries of Bolyai, Lobachevsky, and Riemann, Klein proposed to define a geometry, not by a set of axioms, but instead in terms of the transformations that leave it invariant" according to Klein, a geometric structure consists of a space together with a particular group of transformations of the space. A valid theorem in that particular geometry is one that holds under this group of transformations. This controversial idea did not only give a more systematic way of classifying the different geometries, but also gave birth to new geometric structures such as manifolds. Landmark Writtings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940, p.544-52.‎

Bookseller reference : 44503

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Über die sogenannte Nicht-Euclidische Geometri. (Erster-) Zweiter Aufsatz. - [THE NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY OF KLEIN]‎

‎(Leipzig, B.F. Teubner, 1871 a. 1873). Without wrappers, (wrappers blank to Second Part) as published in ""Mathematische Annalen. Hrsg. von Felix Klein, Walter Dyck, Adolph Mayer."" Vol. IV, pp. 573-625 and vol. VI, pp. 112-145. Kept in a cloth-portfolio.‎

‎First edition. In these groundbreaking papers Klein established that if Euclidean geometry is consistent then non-Euclidean geometry is consistent as well and he introduces the adjectives ""parabolic"", ""elliptic"", and ""hyperbolic"" for the respective geometries of Georg Riemann, of Nicolai Lobachevsky, of C.F. Gauss and Janos Bolyai. ""Cayley's idea (that metrical geometry is part of projective geometry) was taken over by Felix Klein (1849-1925) and generalized so as to include the non-Euclidan geometries. Klein, a professor at Göttingen, was one of the lading mathematicians in Germany during the last part of the nineeeeteenth and first part of the twentieth century. During the years 1869-70 he larned the work of Lobatchevsky, Bolyai, von Staudt, and Cayley"" however, even in 1871he did not know Laguerre's result. It seemed to him to be posible to subsume the non-Euclidean geometries, hyperbolic, and double elliptic geometry, under projective geometry byexploiting Cayley's idea. He gave a sketch og his thoughts in a paper of 1871, and then developed them in two papers (1871 a. 1873, the ppers offered here). Klein was the first to obtain models of non-Euclidean geometries."" (Morris Kline). - Sommerville, Bibliography of Non-Euclidean Geometry p.45 (1871) and p. 49 (1873).‎

Bookseller reference : 39154

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Über hyperelliptische Sigmafunktionen.‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1886. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 27., 1886. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp. 431-464 . [Entire volume: Pp. IV, 600.]‎

‎First printing of Klein's important work on hyperelliptic sigma functions.‎

Bookseller reference : 47125

‎"KLEENE, S. C. [STEPHEN COLE].‎

‎On Notation for Ordinal Numbers.‎

‎Wisconsin, The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1938-39. Lev8vo. Entire volume one of ""Journal of Symbolic Logic"" (i.e. number 1-4), March 1938, June 1938, October 1938, January 1939. Bound in blue half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Crossed-out library paper-label to lower part of spine and top left corner of front board. Two library stamps (in Chinese) to verso of title page. Internally a very fine and clean copy of the entire volume. [Kleene:] Pp. 150-55. [Entire volume: IV, 212 pp.].‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX‎

‎Beweis für die Nichtauflösbarkeit der Ikosaedergleichung durch Wurzelzeichen.‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1905. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Begründet durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. 61. Band. 3. Heft."" Entire issue offered. Internally very fine and clean. Pp. 369-371. [Entire issue: Pp. 289-452].‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Ueber die Auflösung gewisser Gleichungen vom siebenten und achten Grade.‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1879. 8vo. In the original wrappers without backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 15, heft 2, 1879. Entire issue offered. Very fine and clean. Pp. 251-282. [Entire issue: 161-304].‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Ueber die Transformation elfter Ordnung der elliptischen Functionen. (i.e. ""On the eleventh order transformation of elliptic functions""). - [BELYI'S THEOREM]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1879. 8vo. In the original wrappers without backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 15, heft 3 + 4, 1879. Entire issue offered. Very fine and clean. Pp. 533-554. [Entire issue: 305-576 + 1 folded plate].‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Ueber einen liniengeometrischen Satz (+) Zur Interpretation der complexen Elemente in der Geometrie (+) Eine Uebertragung des Pascal'schen Satzes auf Raumgeometrie (+) Ueber den allgemeinen Functionsbegriff und dessen Darstellung durch eine willkürlic...‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1883. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 22., 1883. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. VI, 592 pp.‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Vergleichende Betrachtungen über neuere geometrische Forschungen. - [THE ERLANGER PROGRAMM IMPROVED]‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1893. 8vo. Orig. printed wrappers (no backstrip) to Heft 1, 43. Bd. of ""Mathematische Annalen"", the whole issue pp. IV,144. Klein's paper: pp.63-100. Frontwrapper repaired with the same kind of paper and without loss of letters. The sewing somewhat loose. Frontwrapper loose.‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Zur Nicht-Euklidischen Geometrie (+) Ueber die Nullstellen der hypergeometrischen Reihe.‎

‎Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1890. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip and a small nick to front wrapper. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Begründet durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. XXXVII. [37]. Band. 4. Heft."" Entire issue offered. Internally very fine and clean. [Klein:] Pp. 544-72" " 573-90. [Entire issue: Pp. pp. 465-604].‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Über die Auflösung der allgemeine Gleichungen fünften und sechsten Grades (+) Bericht über den Stand der Herausgabe von Gauss' Werken. Sechster Bericht.‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1905. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers, without backstrip. In ""Mathematische Annalen, 61. Band, 1. Heft, 1905"". Fine and clean. [Klein:] Pp. 50-71" " Pp. 72-76. [Entire issue: IV, 160 pp].‎

‎"KLEIN, FELIX.‎

‎Über die Transformation der elliptischen Funktionen und die Auflösung der Gleichungen fünften Grades (+) Über die Transformation siebenter Ordnung der elliptischen Funktionen. - [FIRST MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF DESSIN D'ENFANT / DEDEKIND TESSELLATION]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1879. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 14., 1879. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp. 111-172" " Pp. 428-471. [Entire volume: Pp. (4), 576].‎

‎"KOENIG (KÖNIG), SAMUEL. - GIVING RISE TO ONE OF THE UGLIEST SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSIES.‎

‎De universali Principio aequilibrii & motus, in Vi viva reperto, deque nexu inter Vim Vivam & Sctionem, utriusque Minimo, Dissertatio. (+) ...continuata & finita. (2 Parts).‎

‎Leipzig, Gleditsch & Lanckis, 1751. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Nova Acta Eruditorum, Anno MDCCLI"", March- Issue, Pars I-II. Entire issue in 2 parts offered. With titlepage to the volume 1751. Pp. 97-192. Koenig's paper: pp. 125-135 a. pp. 162-176. With 2 engraved plates. Titlepage with 2 stamps and a bit soiled. Leaves as usual a bit browned.‎

‎First printing of this important paper in which Koenig set forth his ""Law of least Action"". The law states that the kinetic energy of a system of mass points is equal to the sum of the kinetic energy of the motion of the system relative to the center of gravity and of the kinetic energy of the total mass of the system considered as a whole, which moves as the center of gravity of the system.""While still in Franeker, Koenig wrote the draft of his important essay on the principle of least action, which was directed against Maupertuis. The controversy touched off by this work, which was published in March 1751, resulted in perhaps the ugliest of all the famous scientific disputes. Its principal figures were Koenig, Maupertuis, Euler, Frederick II, and Voltaire" and, as is well known, it left an unseemly stain on Euler’s otherwise untarnished escutcheon. The quarrel occupied Koenig’s last years almost completely" moreover, he had been ill for several years before it started. Koenig emerged the moral victor from this affair, in which all the great scientists of Europe—except Maupertuis and Euler—were on his side. The later finding of Kabitz2 testifies to Koenig’s irreproachable character.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 46906

‎"KORKINE, A (+) G. ZOLOTAREFF.‎

‎Sur les formes quadratique positives. - [INTRODUCING THE PERFECT LATTICE]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1877. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 11., 1877. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Title page missing a small piece of paper to the right margin, not affecting text. Very fine and clean. Pp. 242-292. [Entire volume: IV, 574, (2) pp.].‎

‎First printing of Korkine and Zolotareff's paper in which they for the very first time introduced the concept of Perfect lattice.‎

Bookseller reference : 47135

‎"KOCH, HELGE VON.‎

‎Sur les déterminants infinis et les équations différentielles linéaires.‎

‎[Berlin, Stockholm, Paris, Beijer, 1892-93]. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Acta Mathematica. Hrdg. von G. Mittag-Leffler."", Bd. 16. Fine and clean. Pp. 217-295.‎

‎First printing of Koch's last paper relating to his doctoral thesis. Von Koch is known principally for his work in the theory of infinitely many linear equations and the study of the matrices derived from such infinite systems. He also did work in differential equations and in the theory of numbers. (DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 49649