‎Tea‎

‎"LAMY, A. (CLAUDE AUGUSTE). - THE ISOLATION OF THALLIUM.‎

‎De l'existance d'un nouveau métal, le thallium.‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1862. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 54, No 24. Pp. (1237-) 1287. (Entire issues offered). Lamy's paper: pp. 1255-1258.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Lamy reported the first isolation of the new element Thallium. A large paper on the isolation was published in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"" a year after (1863). William Crookes was the first to observe Thallium (1861) as he found a new green line in a selenium sample, but Lamy was the first to isolate it and to prove that it was a metal.""Claude-Auguste Lamy (1820-1878) examined some slime from a sulfuric acid plant at Loos which was using Belgian pyrite and observed the green spectral line. He extracted thallium sesquichloride and isolated the metal new by electrolysis. Only after his discovery, he found out that Crookes had earlier discovered and named the new element, and gave Crookes the honour. Crookes presumed that his Thallium was something of the order of Sulphur, Selenium or Tellurium but Lamy found it to be a metal. In April 1862 he reported to the French Académie des sciences."" (Timeline of chemical elements).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1862 C - Weeks pp. 192 ff.‎

Bookseller reference : 47240

‎"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - PREDICTIING A NEW CONSTITUENT OF THE NUCLEUS, THE NEUTRON.‎

‎Nuclear Constitution of Atoms. (Bakerian Lecture).‎

‎London, The Royal Society, 1920. Royal8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A small faint stamp on verso of titlepage and a few other leaves (in lower margins).In: ""Proceeding of the Royal Society of London"", Series A, Vol. 97. XVIII,470,XXI pp., textillustr. a. 2 plates. Rutherford's paper: pp. 374-400. Clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of this famous lecture in which Rutherford predicted the existence of a new constituent of the atomic nucleus and its likely properties. In the lecture Rutherford suggested that ""it may be possible for an electron to combine much more closely with the H-nucleus (than is the case in the ordinary hydrogen atom)... It is the ontentionof the writer to test (this idea)... The existence of such atoms seems almost necessary to explain the building up of heavy elements.""Rutherford's collegue Chadwick made several attempts to detect the neutral particle but none was successful until he learned of experiments by the Joliot-Curies in Paris, in which, they said, extremely penetrating gamma rays were emitted. As he suspected, Chadwick found the rays were not gammas but neutrons: and not long afterward Norman Feather, also at the Cavendish, showed that neutrons were capable of causing nuclear disintegrations. Chadwick gave proof of its existence in 1932.‎

Bookseller reference : 47243

‎"GRIGNARD, (FRANCOIS AUGUSTE VICTOR). - DISCOVERY OF THE GRIGNARD REACTION.‎

‎Sur quelques nouvelles combinaisons organométalliques du magnesium et leur application à des Synthèses d'alcools et d'hydrocarbures.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1900. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 130, No 20. Pp. (1285-) 1344. (Entire issue offered). Grignard's paper: pp. 1322-24. One leaf repaired in upper margin affecting the text on verso (but without loss of letters). Light browning, poor paperquality.‎

‎First apperance of an importent paper in which Grignard revealed the ""Grignard Reagent"", an important means of preparing organic compounds from smaller precursor molecules. For this work, Grignard was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 jointly with fellow Frenchman Paul Sabatier.""A large number of general synthetic methods had been developed by the end of the nineteenth century. However, one of the most versatile and importent was first described as the new century opened. This was the Grignard synthesis."" (Leicester ""A Source book in Chemistry 1900-1950"", where this paper is translated ""Some New Organometallic Compounds of Magnesium and Their Application to the Synthesis ofAlchohols and Hydrocarbons"").""Grignard treated magnesium turnings in anhydrous ether with methyl iodide at room temperature, preparing what came to be known as the Grignard reagent, which could be used for reaction with a ketone or an aldehyde without first being isolated. On hydrolyzing with dilute acid, the corresponding tertiary or secondary alcohol was produced in much better yield than Barbier had been able to obtain. Grignard’s discovery was reported in a short paper at a meeting of the Académie des Sciences in May 1900 (the paper offered)."" (DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 47268

‎"LECOQ de BOISBAUDRAN, PAUL ÈMILE. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT GALLIUM.‎

‎Caractéres chimique et spectroscopiques d'un nouveau métal, le Gallium, découvert dans une blende de la mine de Pierrefitte, vallée d'Argelès (Pyrénées). (Séance du Lundi 20 Septembre 1875). (+) Sur quelques propriétés dy gallium. (Séance du Lundi 6...‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 81, No 12 and No 23. Pp. (485-) 508 a. (1065-) 1148. (2 entire issues offered). Boisbaudran's papers: pp. 493-495 a. pp. 1100-1105.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Boisbaudran announced his discovery of Gallium, together with the first printing of the paper in which he, by a series of experiments proved that Gallium, the metal that he had discovered amd named in honour of France, is a true element. A larger paper on the discovery was published in 1877 in ""Annales de Chimie et Physique"". In 1879 Bausbaudran was awarded the Davy Medal for his discovery of Gallium. ""In 1875 Boisbaudran spectroscopically discovered a new element, gallium, which he found in zinc blende from a mine in Hautes-Pyrénées. Continuing his work in Wurtz’s laboratory in Paris, he was a able to obtain the free metal by electrolysis of a solution of the hydroxide in potassium hydroxide. Gallium, Boisbaudran realized, was the ""eka-aluminum"" predicted by Mendeleev, and was the first of Mendeleev’s predicted elements to be isolated. Boisbaudran’s finding thus provided valuable evidence for the validity of Mendeleev’s periodic classification of the elements.""(DSB).""Lecoq de Boisbaudran announced his discovery (by spectroscopic analysis) of the new element gallium. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence and had named it eka-aluminium. The discovery was made in the author's private laboratory, in a specimen of zinc blende from the Pierrefitte mine in the Angelès Valley in the Hautes Pyrénées. He describes how on the evening of 27 August 1875 he detected the existence of this new element, which he named ""gallium"" in honor of France (Gallia)... A month later he ""performed in Wurtz's laboratory in Paris....a series of experiments to prove that gallium...is a true element""(Weeks). he discusses how he eventually isloated small amounts of pure metallic gallium and determined its physical and chemical properties. The paper (the paper offered) first describes gallium compounds (e.g., ammonium gallium alum,, chloride, oxide, and sulphate).""(Roy G. Neville II, p. 29).‎

Bookseller reference : 47271

‎"NILSON, L.- F. (LARS FREDRIK). - THE DISCOVERY OF A NEW ELEMENT SCANDIUM.‎

‎Sur l'ytterbine, terre nouvelle de M. Marignac. (+) Sur le scandium, élément nouveau.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1879. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 88, No 12. Pp. (625-) 676. (Entire issue offered). Nilson's papers: pp. 642-645 a. 645-648. First leaf with a tear to right margin, no loss of paper.‎

‎First apperance of the papers in which Nilson describes his discovery of a new element and its properties, and naming it Scandium. It was the second new element found after Mendeleev's prediction of its existence as ""Eka-Boron"".""Mendeléeff had predicted that another element, which he called eka-boron and which he said would have an atomic weight between 40 (calcium) and 48 (titanium), would some day be revealed. It was discovered in 1879 by Lars Fredrik Nilson.... Nilson extracted 63 grams of the rare earth erbia from gadolinite and euxenite, and converted it into the nitrate. Upon decomposing this salt by heat, as Marignac had done, he obtained some very pure ytterbia and, to his great surprise, an earth that was unknown to him.Upon thoroughly investigating this new earth, he found that it contained an element whose properties concided almost exactly with those Mendeléef had predicted for ekaboron. Nilson called it scandium in honour of his fatherland.""(Weeks ""Discovery of the Elements"" pp. 219-20).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1879 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 47273

‎"LEWIS, GILBERT N. - THE MASS-ENERGY EQUATION DERIVED WITHOUT RELATIVITY.‎

‎A Revision of the Fundamental Laws of Matter and Energy.‎

‎London, Taylor & Francis, 1908. Contemp. hcalf. Title-and tomelabels in leather on spine, gilt lettering, spine gilt. Wear to spine ends. A crack along hinges (covers not detached). Spine worn. A stamp to verso of titlepage. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. XVI, Sixth Series. VIII,984 pp., textillustr. and 28 plates. (Entire volume offered). Lewis's paper: pp. 705-717. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of Lewis' first paper on relativity in which he derived the mass-energy relationship in a different way from Albert Einstein's derivation.Lewis’ other theoretical interests also flourished at M.I.T. The publication of Einstein’s theory of relativity (1905) and his mass-energy equation renewed Lewis’ interest in his early speculations on radiation. He derived the mass-energy equation from his early idea of the pressure of light without using the principle of relativity (1908). This striking concurrence of his view with Einstein’s convinced Lewis of the value of his youthful ideas and made him one of the very few early supporters of Einstein and relativity in America. Lewis is best known for his discovery of the covalent bond in chemistry. and his naming of the ""photon"" in 1926.The volume contains further importent papers by Rutherford & Royds, Lord Kelvin, Barkla, Soddy, J.J. Thomson, W.H. Bragg.‎

Bookseller reference : 47278

‎"DULONG, (PIERRE) & (ALEXIS) PETIT. - THE ""LAW OF DULONG AND PETIT"" THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ATOMIC WEIGHT AND ATOMIC HEAT ESTABLISHED.‎

‎Recherches Sur la Mesure des Températures et sur les Lois de la communication de la chaleur. Introduction. (+) Suite des Recherches sur la Mesure des Témperatures..... Seconde Partie. Des Lois du Refroidissement. (+) Suite Des Recherches sur la Mesure...‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1817 a. 1819. Bound in one contemp hcloth (vol. 7) and 1 issue without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Vol. 7 and vol. 10, Cahier 4. - 448 pp. a. 2 engraved plates (entire vol. 7 offered) + pp. 337-443 a. 2 engraved plate (entire issue offered, Cahier 4 of vol. 10 with htitle to the vol.). Dulon & Petit's papers: pp. 113-154, pp. 225-264, pp. 337-367 and Vol. X, pp. 395-413.‎

‎First edition of these 4 groundbreaking papers with the first appearance in print of THE LAW OF THE CONSTANCY OF ATOMIC HEAT, i.e. the specific heat multiplied by the atomic weight. The insight had far reaching implications as it showed a new way to Dalton's atomic theory. ""In 1815 Dulong's famous collaboration with the mathematical physicist Alexis Therese Petit began"" it produced three importent memoirs on heat."" (the papers offered here). The 2 first was awarded the price of the Academy in 1818 and was leading up to the last paper in which they formulted the ""Law of the Constancy of product of atomic weight and specific heat""""They (Dulang and Petit) were concerned with the specific heats of elements"" but if these elements really existed as atoms, it seemed possible that there might be a connection between trhe weight of the atom and the amount of heat aquired to raise the temperature of a given weight of that element by a certain amount."" (DSB). ""One of his (Dulong) most importent researches was made in collaboration with Alexis Thérese Petit (1791-1820), with whom he announced the law that the product of atomic weight and specific heat is constant (1819). It rendered a distinct service in fixing atomic weights, especially when these were in question, and enabled Berzelius and later Cannizzaro to arrive at correct atomic weights and the correct number of atoms in molecules."" (Leicester & Klickstein, A source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900, p. 273). Parkinson, Breakthroughs (1819).‎

Bookseller reference : 47356

‎"DEBIERNE, (ANDRÉ). - THE DISCOVERY OF ACTINIUM.‎

‎Sur une nouvelle matière radio-active.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1898. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 129, No 16. Pp. (567-) 626. (Entire issue offered). Debierne's paper: pp. 593-595. Paperquality rather poor, a bit fragile.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Debierne announced his discovery of a new radioactive element found in uranium residues.""In 1906 Professor Hahn discovered radioactinium between actinium an actinium X. Actinium emanation, or ""action"", like radon, is an inert gas, was discovered independently by F. Giesel and André Debierne."" (Weeks ""Discovery of the Elements"", p. 307.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1899 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 47409

‎"PAULI, WOLFGANG. - ANNOUNCING THE ""EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE""‎

‎Über den Zusammenhang des Abschlusses der Elektronengruppen im Atom mit der Komplexstruktur der Spektrum. (On the Connexion between the Completion of Electron Groups in an Atom with the Complex Structure of Spectra).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt spine. Wear to top of spine and with 2 tears to hinges at upper spine. Inner backhinge nearly broken. A stamp to foot of a few leaves In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 31. VIII,952 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Pauli's paper: pp.765-783. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of the first announcement of Pauli's Exclusion Principle which gives a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explains the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements.Pauli first formulated his exclusion principle in this article in an attempt to explain the structure of the periodic table. By introducing an additional quantum number, namely the spin of an electron, to the already known three quantum numbers in Bohr's atom model, and by postulating that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, Pauli could explain the number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell, e.g., explaining the varying lengths of successive periods in the table. The exclusion principle turned out to be applicable to all fermions, and thus plays a role in a variety of physical phenomena. For example it explains the formation of degenerate matter in white dwarfs and neutron stars. In 1945 Pauli received the Nobel Prize in physics ""for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle"".This volume also contains a paper by Heisenberg: 'Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage der Polarisation des Floureszenzlichtes' , A. Einstein: ""Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung ""Zur Theorie der Quantenstrahlung""and another paper by Pauli: 'Über den Einfluss der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt' (Zeeman-Effect and the Dependence of Electron-Mass on the Velocity).‎

Bookseller reference : 47417

‎"AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE. - THE CARDINAL FORMULAS OF ELECTRO-DYNAMICS.‎

‎Mémoire sur une nouvelle Expérience électrodynamique, sur son application à la formule qui représente l'action mutuelle de deux élemend de conducteurs voltaïques, et sur de nouvelles conséquences déduites de cette formule. (Lu à l'Academie royale de...‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1825). Extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 29 a. 30. Ampère's papers: pp. 381-404 a. 1 folded engraved plate (tome 29) + Suite pp. 29-41 (tome 30) + ""Lettre à Gerhardi"": pp. 373-381 (tome 29). With both halftitlepages to vol. 29 a. 30. Scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of this famous memoir, in which Ampère presented his collected results on electrodynamics to the French Academy, creating the foundation of 19th century developments in electricity and magnetism. In the words of James Clark Maxwell, ""We can scarcely believe that Ampère really discovered the law of action by means of the experiments which he describes. We are led to suspect, what, indeed, he tells us himself, that he discovered the law by some process which he has not shown us, and that when he had afterwards built up a pefect demonstration he removed all traces of the scaffolding by which he raised it.""The offered memoir was published BEFORE the famous ""Theorie mathématique des phénomènes électro-dynamiques uniquement déduite de L'expérience"", which did not appear until 1827. That 1827-Memoire incorporates, together with a new presentation of Ampère's results from 1820, 1822, 1823, the offered memoir (1825). (Horblit: 100 - Dibner: 62).""From 1814 until 1820 Ampére did not perform the kind of research that would have made it into the annals of the histrory of science, but on September 11, 1820 when he heard Francois Arago speak about Oersted's work, he got fresh inspiration and started the work that made him famous. Arago related how Oersted had found that a steady electric current influences the orientation of a compass needle. After a weak Ampère had determined experimentally that that two straight, parallel, and current-carrying, wires execute a force on each other. The magnitude of the force is inversely proportional to the distance between the wires and proportional to the strenghts of the current..... During the following years he continued his researches, both experimentally and theoretically. he built an instrument for measuring electricity that later was developed into the galvanometer. Finally in 1825 he presented his collected results to the Academy IN ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEMOIRS IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY (The paper offered)."" (Citizen's Compendium, p. 2). - Norman No 47.‎

Bookseller reference : 47420

‎"CROOKES, WILLIAM. - CROOKES ON RADIOACTIVITY AND THE PRINCIPLE OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.‎

‎Sur la source de l'energie dans les corps radio-actifs.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1899. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 128, No 3. Pp. (137-) 192. Entire issue offered). Crooke's paper: pp. 176-178.‎

‎First appearance of Crooke's statement that radioactivity seems to violate the principle of the conservation of energy.""Despite his speculative powers, Crookes at first took a conservative view of this new science, for he could not believe that radioactive elements decayed spontaneously, since this seemed to imply a violation of the conservation of energy. It was his view, expressed between 1898 and 1900, that the source of activity was external to the radioactive element. He imagined that radium, say, had the ability to act as a Maxwellian demon and select from the atmosphere those air particles which were moving more swiftly than the average, absorb some of their energy, and eject them at a lower speed. This theory, which never received full publication, contravened the second law of thermodynamics"" and although Crookes thought that he might have experimental support for it, his evidence did not measure up to the critical scrutiny of Stokes."" (DSB).The issue contains another notable paper HENRI BECQUEREL ""Sur la dispersion anomale de la vapeur de sodium incandescante, et sur quelques conséquenceas de ce phénomene"", pp. 145-151.This theory, which never received full publication, Page 480 | Top of Articlecontravened the second law of thermodynamics" and although Crookes thought that he might have experimental support for it, his evidence did not measure up to the critical scrutiny of Stokes.‎

Bookseller reference : 47428

‎"CURIE, P. (PIERRE) et A. DEBIERNE. - MEASURING ABSOLUTE TIME FOR THE FIRST TIME‎

‎Sur la radio-activité des sels de radium. (+) Sur la radio-activité provoquée par des sels de radium. (These 2 with Debierne). (+) Sur la constante de temps caractéristique de la disparition de la radioactivité induite par leradium dansune enceinte fe...‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1901. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 133, No 5 and No 23. Pp. (969-) 1044 and pp. (909-) 966. The papers: pp. 276-279 + pp. 931-934 (both from vol. 133, and entire issues offered) + Tome 135, No 20. Pp. (821-) 880. (Entire issue offered). The paper: pp. 857-59. + Tome 136, No 4. Pp. (181-) 262. (Entire issue offered). The paper: pp. 223-226.‎

‎First printing of these four papers, constituting a revolution in time measuring, as Pierre Curie here defined a STANDARD FOR THE ABSOLUTE MEASURING OF TIME ON THE BASIS OF RADIOACTIVITY, and hereby departing from the relative measurements in geology and archaeology.After the discovery of Polonium and Actinium (1898 a. 1899 ) further discoveries followed. ""First came the announcement in 1899 by Marie Curie of induced radioactivity, brought about by the action of polonium or radium on inactive substances. The induced radioactivity persisted over a considerable period of time, a phenomenon of great concern to Pierre Curie. He took up the question with Debierne, with whom he published two papers in 1901(the first two papers offered)"" their experiments could be explained by Rutherford’s theory of emanation (radon), a radioactive gas emitted by radium. With J. Danne, Curie measured the diffusion coefficient of radium emanation in the air and proved, as Rutherford had done, that it liquefies at - 150°C. In order to clarify the nature of the emanation he studied the law of diminution of the activity of a solid after having removed it from a chamber in which a radium salt was present. In two notes presented to the Academy on 17 November 1902 and 26 January 1903 (the third and fourth papers offered), Curie showed that this activity diminishes according to an exponential law characterized by a time constant that, for the emanation, is equal to 5,752 days, regardless of the conditions of the experiment. The importance of this discovery, which marks the point of departure for all modern measurements of archaeological and geological dating, did not escape his, for at a meeting of the Société Française de Physidque in 1902 he defined a standard for the absolute measurement of time on the basis of radioactivity. Almost immediately Rutherford and Soddy showed that the exponential diminution was caused by the transmutation of radioactive elements."" (DSB. Pierre Curie).‎

Bookseller reference : 47431

‎"BERGSØE, ADOLPH FREDERIK. - WITH A CHAPTER ON THE DANISH WESTINDIES.‎

‎Den danske Stats Statistik fremstillet. 4 Bd.‎

‎København., Forfatterens Forlag, 1844-53. (vo. 4 samtidige hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Forreste fals på bind 1 er revnet. XII,563,705,690,976 pp. Med 2 kort, det ene håndkoloreret (Forchammers kort fra ""Danmark geognostisk beskrevet""). Indvendig ren og frisk.‎

‎Originaludgaven af første samlede fremstilling af Danmark i statistisk henseende. 1. Bind.: ""Om den danske Stats naturlige Beskaffenhed og befolkning"" - 2. ""Om den danske Stats Landboforhold, Agerdyrkning, Industri og Handel."" - 3. Om den danske Stats immaterielle Cultur, Statsforfatning, beskatningsvæsen, og øvrige finantsielle Forhold"" - 4. Om forskjellige Statsforvaltningsforhold, Monarkiets udvortes Forhold, de fjernere Statsdele m.m.Bind 4 indeholder længere afsnit om Island (pp. 387-475, om Færøerne (pp. 475-504), om Grønland (pp. 505-556), om De dansk Vestindiske Øer (pp. 557-711).‎

Bookseller reference : 47476

‎"THE LUNATIC ASYLUM IN SCHLESWIG -‎

‎Regulativ für die Irrenanstalt zu Schleswig.‎

‎Kopenhagen, Schultzischen Officin, 1820. 4to. 27,(2) pp.‎

‎First printing of the certificate of baptism for ""Irren Anstalt Schleswig"".‎

Bookseller reference : 47495

‎ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE.‎

‎Verordnung, enthaltend nähere Bestimmungen wegen Unterdrückung des Sklavenhandels, für die Herzogthümer Schleswig und Holstein. - Forordning, indeholdende nærmere Bestremmelser angaaende Negerhandelens Undertrykkelse. Kopenhagen, den 3ten Juli 1835.‎

‎Kopenhagen, Jens Hostrup Schultz, (1835). 4to. 41 pp. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of the second Danish decree to abolish the slave trade. Denmark was the first souvereign state in the world to abandon the slave trade by a decree issued in 1792. This did not mean, that the trade was hereby stopped. When France and England in 1831 and 1833 in conventions banned the trade, the Danish king Frederik VI issued this decree of 1835 to support these conventions. The decree of 1835 contains a detailed Criminal Law for transport of slaves over the Atlantic.The decree was issued in two forms at the same time, one with only Danish text and one with Danish and German paralelltext (the version offered).‎

Bookseller reference : 47511

‎"HERMITE, CHARLES. - SOLVING THE QUINTIC EQUATION.‎

‎Sur la résolution de l’équation du cinquième degré. (On the Solution of the Equation of the Fifth Degree).‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1858. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 46, No 11. Pp. (503-) 546 (entire issue offered). Hermite's paper: pp. 508-515.‎

‎First apperance of Hermite's famous paper in which he, by the application of elliptic functions, provided the first solution to the general equation of the fifth degree, the quintic equation.Hermite was a major figure in the development of the theory of algebraic forms, the arithmetical theory of quadratic forms, and the theories of elliptic and Abelian functions. He first studied the representation of integers in what are now called Hermitian forms. His famous solution of the general quintic equation appeared in Sur la résolution de l’équation du cinquième degré (1858"" ""On the Solution of the Equation of the Fifth Degree""). (Encyclopedia Britannica).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1858 M.‎

Bookseller reference : 47568

‎"MOISSAN, HENRI. - THE INVENTION OF THE ELECTRIC FURNACE.‎

‎Description d'un nouveau four électrique.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1892. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 115, No 24. Pp. (1029-) 1112. (Entiere issue offered). Moissan's paper: pp. 1031-1033.nA few small tears to frontpage.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Moissan described his famous invention of the Electric Furnace and hereby laying the foundations for high-temperature chemistry. For this invention and his isolation of flourine Moissan received the Nobel Prize in 1906.""Moissan had turned his attention to the production of artificial diamonds and in the process constructed his famous electric furnace, which, although simple in design, proved to be a technological tool of the first order. The original model, which he subsequently improved, was demonstrated to the Academy of Sciences in December 1892 (the paper offered). It consisted of two blocks of lime, one laid on the other, with a hollow space in the center for a crucible, and a longitudinal groove for two carbon electrodes which produced a high-temperature electric arc. In one experiment Moissan heated iron and carbonized sugar in his electric furnace, causing the carbon to dissolve in the molten iron..... Moissan’s electric furnace provided great impetus to the development of high-temperature chemistry. With this apparatus he prepared and studied refractory oxides, silicides, borides, and carbides" he succeeded in volatilizing many metals" and, by reducing metallic oxides with carbon, he obtained such metals as manganese, chromium, uranium, tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium. The electrochemical and metallurgical applications to industry of Moissan’s work became immediately apparent, for example in the large-scale production of acetylene from calcium carbide.""(DSB).Moissan received the Nobel prize in Chemistry in 1906 ""in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation nd isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him"".Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1892 C.This issue also contains another notable paper by PIERRE CURIE in which he describes his invention of a quadrant electrometer that improved upon the one devised by Kelvin by adding an ingenious magnetic damper.‎

Bookseller reference : 47780

‎"REGNAULT, V. (HENRI VICTOR) - THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.‎

‎Recherches sur les chaleurs spécifiques des fluides élastiques (3).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1853. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 36, No 16. Pp. (669-) 707. (Entire issue offered). Regnault's paper: pp. 676-687. A few marginal brownspots.‎

‎First apperance of this very importent paper where Regnault declared his acceptance of the conservation of energy.""Speculation and discussions of theory are noticeably absent from Regnault’s published work, as they are from his surviving notebooks. But in 1853 he declared his acceptance of the principle of the conservation of energy"" and later he measured the mechanical equivalent of heat, although with only moderate success. In declaring his support for the principle, Regnault stated that he had subscribed to the mechanical theory of heat “for a long time” and that he had been led to it independently through his own experiments ""Comptes rendus... de AcademiE des sciences..."" (The paper offered). ""(DSB).Roberts & Trent ""Bibliotheca Mechanica"", p. 275.‎

Bookseller reference : 47829

‎"PAINLEVÉ, PAUL. - INTRODUCING THE PAINLEVÉ TRANSCENDENTS.‎

‎Sur les équations differentielles du second ordre à points critiques fixes.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1906. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 143, No 26.. Pp. (1110-) 1208. (Entire issue offered). Painlevé's paper: pp. 1111-1117. Frayed in inner margins, poor paperquality.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Pailevé introduced the transcendents which bears his name.""The phenomenon of movable singular points was discovered by Fuchs. The study of movable singular points and of nonlinear second orderr equations with and without such singular points was taken up by many men, notably by Paul Painlevé."" (Morris Kline ""Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times"", p. 737).‎

Bookseller reference : 47894

‎"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - THE NUCLEAR ATOM - PMM 411.‎

‎Die Radioaktivität. Unter Mitwirkung des Verfassers ergänzte autorisierte deutsche Ausgabe von E. Aschkinass.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1907. Royal8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. A small nick to lower left part of frontwrapper. Stamps to titlepage. (10),597 pp., textillustrations. Internally clean. From the library of the Danish logician and philosopher Jørgen Jørgensen, with his name on top of frontwrapper.‎

‎First German edition of this importent work which is recognized as a classic, being the first textbook on Radio-Activity. To this German edition, translated from the second English of 1905, Rutherford himself has added further descriptions of the results obtained in the years in between.Rutherford made ""Proposal of a new theory of atomic disintegration and of the nuclear nature of the atom. Rutherford discovered and named the alpha, beta, and gamma rays.""( Horblitt, ""One Hundred Books famous in Science"" No 91 (Engl. ed.).""After the discovery of thorium emanations in 1900 new concepts of atomic structure followed from the brilliant experiments of Rutherford. A new theory of atomic disintegration was proposed, then the nuclear nature of the atom..... ""(Dibner ""Heralds of Science"", No 51 (Engl. ed.).‎

Bookseller reference : 47937

‎"BOLTZMANN, LUDWIG. - DEFENDING THE ATOMIC VIEWPOINT.‎

‎Über die Integrale linearer Differentialgleichungen mit periodischen Coëfficienten.‎

‎Wien, Karl Gerold's Sohn, 1868. 8vo. Uncut and unopened in orig. printed wrappers. In: ""Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften"", 58. Band, 1. Heft - Juni. Pp. (1-) 155 a. 7 plates.(Entire issue offered). Boltzmann's paper: pp. 54-59. Clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of an importent paper in which Boltzmann from a mathematical point of view defends atomism. ""Throughout his career, even in his works on subjects other than kinetic theory Boltzmann was concerned with the mathematical problems arising from the atomic nature of matter. Thus, an early paper with the title ""Über die Integrale linearer Differentialgleichungen mit periodischcn Koeffizienten"" (1868) turned out to be an investigation of the validity of Cauchy’s theorem on this subject, which is needed to justify the application of the equations for an elastic continuum to a crystalline solid in which the local properties vary periodically from one atom to the next."" (DSB). The issue contains an importent paper by JOHANN JOSEPH LOSCHMIDT ""Ableitung des Potentiales bewegter elektrischer Massen aus dem Potentiale für die Ruhestand"", pp. 7-14, in which he attempted to derive the Weber-Ampère law from that of Coulomb, and, in accordance with Kirchhoff, to derive Ohm’s law from hydrodynamic flow laws, analogous to Poiseuille’s law.‎

Bookseller reference : 47990

‎"RÖNTGEN, W.C. (WILHELM CONRAD). - THE SECOND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION BEGINS.‎

‎Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen. (Erste- Zweite Mittheilung) + Weitere Betrachtungen über die Eigenschaften der X-Strahlen. (Dritte Mittheilung). 3 Papers (all).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1898. Contemp. hcalf, spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Some scratches to spine and corners bumped and with wear. Some scratching to boards.Stamps to titlepage and one leaf. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"", Neue Folge, Band 64. VIII,(2),812 a. 2 plates. (Entire volume offered). Röntgen's papers: 1. pp. 1-11, pp. 12-17 a. pp. 18-37. Internally clean.‎

‎First full exposition of Röntgen's discovery of X-rays, the foundation stones of roentgenology, unveiling a new form of matter and offering a new revolutionary method for medical diagnosis.In order to ensure priority for his discovery, Röntgen first published the two first papers (Erste-Zweite Mittheilung) as offprints from ""Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-medicinischen Gesellschaft zu Würtzburg"" in 1895-96, but his discovery only finds its full form in the offered papers, as ""Dritte Mittheilung"" appears here.""Aside from its obvious applications, Roentgen's discovery galvanized the world of physics and led to a rash of further discoveries that so completely overturned the old concepts of the science, that the discovery of X-rays is sometimes considered the first stroke of the Second Scientific Revolution. (The First Scientific Revolution is, of course that which included Galileo and his experiments on falling bodies). Within a matter of months, investigations of X rays led to the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel....The importence of the discovery was well recognized in its own time. In 1896 Roentgen shared the Rumford Medal with Lenard and in 1901, when Nobel Prizes were set up.the first to be honoured with a Nobel Prize in Physics was Roentgen."" (Asimov).Garrison & Morton No 2683 (only listing 1. paper) - PMM No 380 (listing only 2 parts) - Dibner: 162 (listing only 2 parts).‎

Bookseller reference : 48027

‎"REGNAULT, V. (HENRI VICTOR) - THE VAPOUR PRESSURE OF STEAM.‎

‎Mémoire sur les Forces élastiques dela vapeur d'eau.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1844. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome 11. Pp. 273-335 and 1 large folded engraved plate (apparatus). With the halftitlepage to volume 11.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in which Regnault found the connection between vapour pressure of steam at different temperatures.Henri Victor Regnault improved the method of Dalton to measure the elastic force of vapours at saturation. At the boiling point of a liquid, the elastic force of its vapour is equal to the supported pressure. Thus, if one boils water in an enclosure under increasing pressure conditions, water will reach increasing boiling temperatures at the same time. For each case, the elastic force of vapour will be equal to the imposed pressure.‎

Bookseller reference : 48079

‎"GALTON, FRANCIS.- THE LAW OF ANCESTRAL HEREDITY.‎

‎The average Contribution of each several Ancestor to the total heritage of the Offspring. Received and Read June 3, 1897.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1897. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. 61. Pp. 401-413.‎

‎First printing of Galton's ""Law of ancestral Heredity""Galton's ancestral law states that the two parent contribute between them on average one-half of the total heritage of the offspring, the four grandparents one-quarter, and so on. He interpreted this law both as a representation of the separate contributions of each ancestor to the heritage of the offspring and as a multiple regression formula for predicting the value of a trait from ancestral values.Garrison & Morton: 239.‎

Bookseller reference : 48085

‎"MAREY, (ETIENNE JULES). - THE INVENTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHY OF MOTION, THE CINEMATOGRAPHE.‎

‎Analyse du méchanisme de la locomotion au moyen d'une série d'images photographiques recueillies sur une même plaque et représentant les phases successives du mouvement (Séance 3 Juillet 1882). (+) Emploi de la photographie pour déterminer la tr...‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1882, 1888, 1892. 4to. No wrappers. 7 entire issues. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 95, No 1, 6 a. 14. Tome 107, No 16, 17 a. 18, Tome 114, No 18. (7 entire issues offered). With halftitles and titlepages to Vol. 95, 107 a. 114. The papers: pp. 14-16 (No1), 267-270 (no 6), 583-585, 2 textillustr. (no 14) - pp. 607-609 (No 16), 643-645, 1 textillustr. (No 17), 677-678 (No 18) - pp. 989-990 (No. 18). Stamps on verso of titlepages.‎

‎First printing of the main papers CONSTITUTING THE INVENTION OF MODERN CINEMATOGRAPHY -- from his invention of 1888 of the ""Chronophotograph"" followed the modern ""Cinematograph"" (first described here in the offered papers of 1888).It started with his invention of the chronographic apparatus with stationary plates and chronographic disk schutter... the paper of August 7, 1882, later in 1882 his description of the photographic gun, and in the 1892 paper ""Marey constructs, according to the reversible principle of the chronophotograph, an apparatus for the projection on a screen of series of pictures taken by the afore-mentioned apparatus and thus realizes the photographic synthesis of motion"" (Joseph Maria Eder ""History of Photography"", p.510).Marey (1830-1904) was a French physician, and his inventions sprang from his investigations in the physiology of the motion of men and animals.""In 1882, Marey, often claimed to be the 'inventor of cinema,' constructed a camera (or ""photographic gun"") that could take multiple (12) photographs per second of moving animals or humans - called chronophotography or serial photography, similar to Muybridge's work on taking multiple exposed images of running horses. [The term shooting a film was possibly derived from Marey's invention.] He was able to record multiple images of a subject's movement on the same camera plate, rather than the individual images Muybridge had produced. Marey's chronophotographs (multiple exposures on single glass plates and on strips of sensitized paper - celluloid film - that passed automatically through a camera of his own design) were revolutionary. He was soon able to achieve a frame rate of 30 images. Further experimentation was conducted by French-born Louis Aime Augustin Le Prince in 1888. Le Prince used long rolls of paper covered with photographic emulsion for a camera that he devised and patented. Two short fragments survive of his early motion picture film (one of which was titled Traffic Crossing Leeds Bridge).The work of Muybridge, Marey and Le Prince laid the groundwork for the development of motion picture cameras, projectors and transparent celluloid film - hence the development of cinema. American inventor George Eastman, who had first manufactured photographic dry plates in 1878, provided a more stable type of celluloid film with his concurrent developments in 1888 of sensitized paper roll photographic film (instead of glass plates) and a convenient ""Kodak"" small box camera (a still camera) that used the roll film. He improved upon the paper roll film with another invention in 1889 - perforated celluloid (synthetic plastic material coated with gelatin) roll-film with photographic emulsion."" (Tim Dirks ""The History of Film. The Pre-1920s"").‎

Bookseller reference : 48088