‎Chemistry‎

‎PIRIA, R. (RAFFAELE). - THE FIRST PREPARATION OF SALICYLIC ACID THE MAIN COMPONENT OF ASPIRIN.‎

‎Recherches sur la Salicine et les Produits qui en dérivent.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard et Comp., 1838). No wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', 2e series, Volume 69, third- issue, pp. 225-352 (entire issue offered). Piria's paper: pp. 281-325.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Piria relates how he for the first time prepared Salicylic Acid in its pure state. Salicylic acid occurs naturally in the bark of plants such as willow trees and is used to create aspirin and skin care products. Salicylic acid, whether used internally or externally, is associated with some potential hazards. Henri Leroux had extracted salicin, in crystalline form for the first time, but Piria was the first to extract its pure form.Garrison & Morton: No 1857 (referring to the same paper published a year later in Comptes Rendues).‎

Bookseller reference : 45623

‎"HOMBERG, (WILHELM, GUILLAUME).‎

‎Memoire touchant les Vegetations artificielles.‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1712). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1710"". Pp. 426-438.‎

Bookseller reference : 45673

‎"DAVY, HUMPHREY.‎

‎On some Combinations of Phosphorus and Sulphur, and on some other Subjects of Chemical Inquiry. Read June 18, 1812.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1812). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1812 - Part II. Pp. 405-415. Faint offsetting to first page, otherwise fine and wide-margined.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Davy demonstrates that Sulphur dioxide contain equal weights of oxygen and sulphur and hydrogen sulphide ""one proportion of sulphur and two of hydrogen""‎

Bookseller reference : 45709

‎"DAVY, HUMPHREY. - THE DISCOVERY OF CHLORINE DIOXYD.‎

‎Some experiments on a solid compound of iodine and oxygene, and on its chemical agencies. Read April 20, 1815. (+) On the action of acids on the salts usually called hyperoxymuriates. Read May 4, 1815. (2 papers).‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part II. Pp. 203-213 a. pp. 214-219.‎

‎First appearance of two importent papers by davy. In the second paper offered, he relates his discovery of chlorine dioxyd.""By explosion over mercury he found that 2 vols. give from 2.7 to 2.9 of gas, and this would probably be 3 vols. if no chlorine had been absorbed by the mercury. This gas contains 2 vols. of oxygen and the remainder chlorine, hence the compound consists of 'two in volume of oxygen and one of chlorine, condensed into the space of two volumes' (ClO2). He found it to explode at about 100 deg. with more viollence than euchlorine.""(Partington III, p. 57).Together with ROBERT PORRETT ""Further analytical experiments relative to the constitution of the prussic" of the ferruretted chyazic, and of the sulphuretted chyazic acids and of their salts" together with the application of the atomic theory to the analysis of these bodies."", pp. 220-230 a. 2 tables, one folding.‎

Bookseller reference : 45715

‎GEOFFROY (GEOFFROI), C.F.‎

‎Observations sur la Terre de L'Alun" Manière de la convertir en Vitriol, ce qui fait une exception à la Table des Rapports en Chymie.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1746). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1744."". Pp. 69-112 a. 4 folded engraved plates.‎

Bookseller reference : 45798

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY. - ISOLATION OF BARIUM, MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM FOR THE FIRST TIME.‎

‎Electro-Chemical Researches, on the Decomposition of the Earth" with Observations on the Metals obtained from the alkaline Earths, and on the Amalgam procured from Ammonia. Read June 30th, 1808.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1808). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 333-370.‎

‎First printing of a historical paper in chemistry, his third Bakerian Lecture, in which he obtained for the first time, by means of electrolysis, the metals barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium. He further utilized the strong reducing power of potassium to prepare boron.""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures."" - Not in Wheeler Gift. - The Ronalds Library p. 128.‎

Bookseller reference : 45885

‎"DUTOUR, (ETIENNE FRANCOIS).‎

‎Exposition d'une Theorie sur le renouvellement de l'Air dans l'Eau, & sur la desunion des parties des matières solubles opérée par les dissolvans.‎

‎(Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1755). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome II. Pp. 477-500. 2 textillustrations.‎

‎In this paper Dutour describes the apparatus by which he shows that water freed from 'air' does not act on iron.‎

Bookseller reference : 45936

‎"MARIGNAC, C. (JEAN CHARLES). - FIRST SEPARATION OF COLUMBIUM AND TANTALIUM.‎

‎Recherches sur les Combinaisons du Niobium.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1866. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome VIII. 512 pp. a. 3 folded engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Marignac's paper: pp. 5-75.‎

‎The paper describes his successfull separation of tantalum and columbium, ""and he also shows that columbium is both tri- and pentavalent, whereas tantalum always has a valency of five. The separation is based on the insolubility of potassium fluo-oxyycolumbate."" (Weeks p. 83).‎

Bookseller reference : 45989

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - CLEARING THE CONCEPTS EQUIVALENTS, ATOMS AND MOLECULES.‎

‎Recherches sur les Combinaisons Azotées.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1846. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Troisieme Series - Tome 18. 512 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. Laurents paper: pp. 266-298. Somewhat brownspotted.‎

‎First printing of this classic work in the history of organic chemistry in which Laurent made clear ""the distinction between equivalents, atoms and molecules, by attaching to these terms meanings similar to those given to them at the present day. Like Avogadro and Ampère, Laurent regarded the molecules of hydrogen, of oxygen, of chlorine, etc., as consisting of two atoms and of forming ""homogenous Compounds"" which could then give rise to ""heterogenous compounds"" by double decomposition -(HH) + (CICI) = (HCI) + (HCI) - as had long before been pointed out by Avogadro.""(Findley ""A Hundred Years of Chemistry"", p. 32.""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 45993

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY. - CARBON AND DIAMOND ARE CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL.‎

‎Some Experiments on the Combustion of the Diamond and other carbonaceous Substances. Read June 23, 1814.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part II. Pp. 557-570.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in which Davy ""finally put it beyond doubt that carbon and diamond were chemically identical" that neither all acids nor all alkalies contained oxygen" and that oxygen enjoyed no unique status as the supporter of combustion, but rather that heat was a consequence of any violent chemical change.""(DSB).""In Florence he (Davy) burnt a diamond in oxygen, using the burning glass of the Accademia del Cimento, and foundthat it has the same composition as pure charcoal. He found that a diamond ignited in oxygen by a burning glass continued to burn when the source of external heating is removed, and only carbonic acid gas and no moisture was formed.""(Partington IV:p. 61).‎

Bookseller reference : 46007

‎"FOURCROY, VAUQUELIN & SEGUIN. - THE SYNTHESIS OF WATER.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Combustion du Gaz Hydrogene. Lu à l'Academie Royale des Sciences, le 21 Mai 1790.‎

‎Paris, Rue et Hotel Serpente, 1791. 8vo. Contemporary half calf. Gilt spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie: ou Recueil de Mémoires Concernant la Chimie et les Arts qui en Dépendent. Par MM. de Morveau, Lavoisier, Monge, Berthollet, De Fourcroy, le Baron de Dietrich, Hassenfratz & Adet."" Tome Huitieme. (2),336 pp. The entire volume offered. The paper: pp. 230-308. A few scattered brownspots. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which the authors records a series of experiments on the combustion of hydrogen, the aim of which was to confirm Lavoisier's large scale experiments on the synthesis of water. They finally proved that water only contains hydrogen and oxygen, and found the approximate ratio of their weights.""In May 1790 Séguin read to the Académie des Sciences the report on the larg-scale synthesis of water carried out in Fourcroy’s laboratory by himself, Fourcroy, and Vauquelin. The purpose of this experiment was to establish finally that water is composed only of hydrogen and oxygen and that the weight of water is fully accounted for by the weights of the two gases. They also sought to determine accurately the combining ratio of the components of water, an especially important constant in oxygen chemistry. They found that the ratio hydrogen: oxygen is 2.052:1 by volume and 14.338:85.662 by weight. (The discrepancies from the true figure probably arose from the difficulties of weighing the gases.)""(DSB).Apart from other importent chemical papers by Fourcroy, Seguin, Klaproth etc., the volume contains Joseph Black's famous letter to Lavoisier, where Black gives up his phlogistic theory and accepts the new chemistry, lead by Lavoisier. ""Copie d'une Lettre de M. Joseph Black a M. Lavoisier"", pp. 225-229.‎

Bookseller reference : 46011

‎"BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE LOUIS. - PREPARING THE WAY FOR THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Recherches sur les lois de l'affinité. (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des recherches.. (5 Parts).‎

‎Paris, Chez Fuchs, An IX(1801). Boundin 3 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spuines. Light wear along edges. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 36, 37 and 38. (Entire volumes offered). 336"330,(2)"334,(2) pp. and 5 engraved plates. Berthollet's paper: pp. 302-317, pp. 151-181, 221-252, pp. 3-29, 113-134.‎

‎Together with the memoir printed at the same time in ""Mémoires de l'Institut.."" this is the first appearance of B's groundbreaking work on the nature of chemical affinity and the fact that many factors influence chemical reactions, comparing chemical affinity to the force of gravity. The paper was at the end of the year published separately.The theory set forth here ""led directly to Prout's investigations which yielded a knowledge of definite chemical proportions and thus played a very importent part in preparing the way for the development of the Atomic Theory on which the whole modern chemistry is based.""(Duveen, p. 75).""Berthollet read a memoir on the general theory of affinities while he was still in Egypt. This was the starting point of his complete new system of chemistry, first briefly sketched in Recherches sur les lois de l’affinité (1801) and later developed into the comprehensive, two volume Essai de statique chimique. Here he attempted to provide a proper basis for chemistry, so that its experimental results could be viewed in the light of theoretical first principles. Berthollet developed a theory and a model adequate for the understanding and the interpretation of the rapidly growing body of chemical knowledge in his time. He was aware that the positive work of constructing a new theory had yet to be performed after the shock of Lavoisier’s criticism of the old chemistry.(DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1801 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46023

‎"AVOGADRO, (AMEDEO).‎

‎Memoire sur les Volumes atomiques, et sur leur relation avec le rang que les corps occupent dans la série électro-chimique. Extrait par l'auteur.‎

‎(Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1845). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3. Series - Tome 14, Cahier Juillet 1845. Pp. 257-384 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire July-issue offered). Avogadro's paper: pp. 330-368.‎

‎First French version of this importent paper which was published, in full in Italian the year after (1846) in ""Memoria della Reale Acad. della Scienze"" vol. 8 (1846). He proves here forthe first time, that atomic volume is greater for the more electropositive elements.""Toward the end of his life Avogadro devoted a total of four memoirs to the subject of atomic volumes. In the first (1843) he pointed out the connection with his classic memoir of 1811 - the mean distance between the molecules of all gases is the same under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. In 1824 he had read to the Turin Academy a memoir in which he had pointed out that the atomic volumes (i.e., the volume occupied by the molecule together with its surrounding caloric) of all substances in the liquid or solid state would be the same if it were not for certain factors and in particular the different affinities of bodies for caloric. But the latter factor was directly related to the electronegativity of the element. Comparing the densities of the elements with their atomic weights, he now concluded that the distances between the molecules of solids and liquids, and consequently their volumes, were greater, and hence their densities compared with their atomic weights were less as the body became more electropositive. Alternatively expressed, the atomic volume (atomic weight/density) is greater for the more electropositive elements, and this is now accepted.""(DSB).The issue contains also R. Piria ""Recherches sur la Salicine"", pp. 257-301.‎

Bookseller reference : 46027

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY - THE FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Essais sur les proportions déterminées dans lesquelles se trouvent réunis les élémens de la nature inorganiques. (+) Suite des experiences sur les proportions déterminées, d'après lesquelles les élémens de la nature inorganique s'unissent... (In all...‎

‎Paris, Chez J. Klostermann fils, 1811-12. Bound in 6 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines, slightly rubbed. Wear to top of spines. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 83. (Entire volumes offered). The 14 parts: (Tome 78:) pp. 5-37, 105-132, 217-242. - (Tome 79:) pp. 113-142, 233-264. - (Tome 80:) pp. 5-37, 225-258. - (Tome 81:) pp. 5-36, 278-303. - (Tome 82:) pp. 5-33, 113-125, 225-72. (Tome 83:) pp. 5-35 a. pp. 117-127. With in all 3 engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions, determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in Swedish, German (both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal), and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity, and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry. A reprint is found in Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften, No. 35.According to Söderbaum (Jac. Berzelius, 2, p.12) ""It was a giant work, one of the most importent in the history of chemistry, which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time, to be sure, but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour.""(J. Erik Jorpes ""Jac. Berzelius"", p.45).""In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds, thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances, and thus was enabled to draw up (in 1826) a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one.""(Leicester & Klicktein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 258).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1810-20 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46030

‎"RAOULT, FRANCOIS MARIE.‎

‎Sur les Tensions de Vapeur des Dissolutions.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1890. Contemp. hcalf. Light wear along edges. Two small stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 6. Series - Tome XX. 576 pp. The entire volume offered. Raoult's paper: pp. 297-371. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in which Raoult gives further applications of his own discovery, ""Raoult's Law""""Raoult soon turned to the anomalous results with salts in water, which had puzzled previous investigators. He classified the salts he used according to the valence of the radicals and found that the lowering of the freezing point could be accounted for by assigning certain numbers to these radicals. He demonstrated that the freezing point lowering obtained with these salts was consistent with the hypothesis that the salt radicals themselves acted as if they existed independently in the solution, and that certain radicals were more effective than others in lowering the freezing point of water. With the statement that ""the neutral salts of mono and di-basic salts act as if the electropositive and electronegative radicals of these salts when dissolved in water solution do not combine, but remain as simple mixtures (in the paper offered), Raoult showed that he had come to accept much of Arrhenius’ work on ionization.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 46033

‎"WÖHLER, F. (FRIEDRICH). - DISCLOSING ISOMERISM.‎

‎Recherches analytiques sur l'Acide cyanique‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1824). 8vo. Without wrappers. Extracted from 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 27. Titlepage to vol. 27 and pp. 196-200. Some faint brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of an importent historical paper in chemistry.""Wöhler's analysis of cyanates appeared in 1824, (the paper offered), shortly after Liebig's analysis of fulminates. Gay-Lussac, then editor of the 'Annales de Chimie', noted that the analysis of cyanic and fulminic acid were identical - the first case of isomerism. This incident brought Wöhler and Liebig together, and there followed many years of collaboration in which the two studied the chemistry of benzaldehyde and numerous other compounds.""(Klickstein ""A Source in Chemistry.."", p. 309.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46036

‎"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL).‎

‎On fluid Chlorine. Communicated by H. Davy. Read March 13, 1823. (With Davy's Note on the Condensation of Muriatic Acid Gas into the liquid form).‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1823). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1823 - Part I. Pp. 160-165. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this famous paper in which Faraday describes his procedure to obtain liquefaction of chlorine and some of its properties. Faraday made an analysis of chlorine hydrate..., finding the composition... He showed the results to Davy, who suggested that he should heat this compound in a sealed tube. The result was the liquefaction of chlorine, reported in a note at the end of the paper""(Partington IV:p. 105).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.The paper comes together with Humphry Davy ""On a new phenomenon of electro-magnetism"", pp. 153-159 and Charles Bell's importent works on the physiology of the eye ""On the Motion of the Eye, in illustration of the uses of the muscles and nerves of the orbit"", pp. 166-186 a. 1 engraved plate. + ""Second Part of the Paper on the nerves of the Orbit"", pp. 289-307.‎

Bookseller reference : 46104

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - FOUNDATION OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. On the Diffusion of Liquids. Received November 16, - Read December 29, 1849. (+) Supplementary Observations on the Diffusion of Liquids. Received May 2, - Read June 20, 1850. (+) Additional Observations on the Diffusion of Liquid...‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1850 a.1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1850 and 1851. Pp. 1-45, pp. 805-836 and pp. 483-494. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer work in which Graham introduces the terminology and fundamental concepts of colloid chemistry.""Although some isolated investigations on colloids had been carried out before Graham, his publications in this field laid the foundations of colloid chemistry. In ""On the Diffusion of Liquids,"" Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups. He believed that liquid diffusion was similar to gaseous diffusion and vaporization with dilute solutions, but with concentrated solutions he noted a departure from the ideal relationship, similar to that in gases approaching liquefaction under pressure.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 46363

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE ""CRITICAL TEMPERATURE"" OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter. Received June 14, - Read June 17, 1869.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1870). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1869 - Vol. 159 - Part II. Pp. 575-590 and 1 plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Thomas Andrews announces his discovery of the ""CRITICAL POINT"", which states that for every gas there was a temperature above which pressure alone could not liquefy it.""This was a crucial discovery for it pointed the way toward the liquefaction of the permanent gases by demonstrating the necessity of dropping the temperature below the critical point before exerting pressure. This new view led within half a century to the work of Dewar and Kammerlingh-Onnes and the liquefaction of all known gases.""(Asimov).Magie: A Source Book in Physics, pp. 187-192. - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1869 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46366

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE NATURE OF OZONE‎

‎On the Constitution and Properties of Ozone. Received May 16, - Read June 21, 1855.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part I. Pp. 1-13 a. 1 lithographed plates.‎

‎First printing of Andrew's paper in which he shows, that ozone is oxygen in allotropic form.Andrews subsequently turned his attention to the problem of the constitution of ozone. This had been investigated by a number of chemists, including Schöonbein, its discoverer. Its nature was still unknown, however, and it was by no means certain that the ozone obtained from different sources was one and the same substance" it was thought by some to contain hydrogen. Andrews says his researches extended over four or five years, and he finally reached the conclusion that all the supposed varieties of ozone were identical and that it was in fact oxygen in an altered or allotropic condition.‎

Bookseller reference : 46372

‎"DUFAY (DU FAY), CHARLES FRANCOIS DE CISTERNAY. - PHOSPHORESCENCE.‎

‎Mémoire sur un grand Nombre de Phosphores nouveaux.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1732). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1730"". Pp. 524-535.‎

‎First appearance of Dufay's importent work on phosphorescence.""Chemists had long been acquainted with a fes minerals like the Bologna stone (BaS) and Balduin's hermetic phosphor (plain CaS) that glowed after exposure to light. Greatmystery surrunded those expensive and supposedly rare substances. Dufay detested mysteries and held as a guiding principle that a given physical property, however bizarre, must be assumed characteristic of a large class of bodies, not of isolated species. He found that almost everything except metals and very hard gems could be made phosphorescent: he depressed the phosphor market by describing his procedure: and he became sensitive to the endless small variations in the physical properties of bodies. 'How many things behave that seemed similar, and how many varieties there are in effects that seemed identical."" (Heilbron ""Electricity in the 17 & 18 Centuries"", p. 251).Another paper attached to Dufay's paper is Charles Pitot ""Reflexions sur le Mouvement des Eaux"". Pp. 536-544 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Poggendorff II:p. 459).Partington ""A History of Chemistry"" III, p.66‎

Bookseller reference : 46595

‎"ARAGO, FRANCOIS - LOUIS DAGUERRE. - THE INVENTION OF THE DAGUERREOTYPE.‎

‎Fixation des images qui se forment au foyer d'une chambre obscure. (Seance du Lundi 7 Janvier 1839). (+) Le Daguerréotype. (Seance du Lundi 19 Aout 1839).‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome VIII (No.1)+ IX, (No. 8) Entire issues offered with htitles and titlepages to both volumes. Pp. 1-36 + Pp. 249-282 and 1 lithographed plate. The papers: pp. 4-7 and pp. 250-267. A faint stamp to top of titlepages. A few brownspots to titlepages.‎

‎First Edition of the official and complete report of the invention of the ""daguerreotype"", the photographic process invented by Louis Daguerre. Together with the preliminary report of the invention (OF JANUARY 7). The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication ""Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama"", (1839). ""When the attempt to exploit the process of daguerreotype was unsuccessfull, Daguerre and Nièpce decided to offer their method to the government. Daguerre approached Francois Jean Arago, to whom he imparted, under the seal of secrecy his processes and those of Nicéphore Niépce. It was fortunate that Arago possessed such a great insight into the invention, which he received enthusiastically. He reported the invention of the daguerretype to the Academy of Sciences on January 7, 1839. The secrecy, however, was not observed very carefully, for the ""Gazette de France"" published a note abouit it on January 6, 1839, although without printing any details.""(Eder ""History of Photography"").‎

Bookseller reference : 46845

‎"KAPITZA, P (+) J. F. ALLEN (+) A. D. MISENER.‎

‎Viscosity of liquid Helium below the lambda-point [Kapitza] (+) Flow of liquid Helium II [J. F. Allen & A. D. Misener] [The volume also contain the following papers: New phenomena connected with heat flow in liquid Helium II [J. F. Allen & H. Jones] (... - [THE DISCOVERY OF SUPERFLUIDITY]‎

‎New York, Macmillian and Co, 1938. Royal8vo. In publisher's pictorial cloth with the original wrappers [in the back]. Gilt lettering and Nature's logo to spine and front board. Entire issue of ""Nature"", January - June, 1938, Vol. 141. ""Emmanuel College"" in gilt lettering to spine and two library stamps to title-page and first index page. Two small white paper labels pasted on to spine and a small tear to top of spine. Very slight wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Rare in the publisher's binding. P. 74"" P. 75. [Entire volume: LXIV, 1156 + VIII, IV, VIII, VIII, XVI, VIII, VIII, XVI, VIII, XII, VIII, XII, XII, IV, IV, VIII, XII, VIII, VIII, VIII, VIII, XII, VIII, IV, XVI, CCLX (Advertisements).‎

‎First publication of these two seminal papers which constitutes one of the most significant discovery in 20th century physics. It ushered a golden period of low-temperature physics and created a new research field within physics which was later to be called quantum liquids. Both paper described a hitherto unknown state of matter: superfluidity of matter. The two discoveries were made independently, Kapitza's paper superseding Allen and Misener's by two weeks. Both studies reported that liquid helium flowed with almost no measurable viscosity below the transition temperature of 2.18 K.""Although the discovery of superfluidity stands as one of the most significant in physics in the 20th century, it was to be 40 years before the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honoured this seminal discovery with a Nobel prize - an exceptionally long interval. In 1978 Kapitza, by then 84, was given half of that year's Nobel Prize for Physics with a somewhat vague citation reading ""for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"". The other half did not go to Allen and Misener. Today, science popularizers generally give sole credit for the discovery of superfluidity to Kapitza."" (Physics world, University of Toronto.). ""Kapitza observed that He II flowed between two closely spaced parallel plates extremely rapidly compared to He I, for the same pressure difference. This result, published in Nature on 8 January 1938, showed unambiguously that here was a new and mysterious kind of liquid - one with almost no viscosity. On the page facing Kapitza's one-page paper was another by the young Canadian physicists Jack Allen and Donald Misener, with essentially equivalent results on helium flow on long capillary tubes. It was submitted two weeks after Kapitza's, but both papers are the standard reference for the discovery of superfluidity"". (Griffin, A Century of Nature, 2003, p. 52).While investigating the thermal conductivity of liquid helium, Kapitsa measured the flow as the fluid flows through a gap between two discs into a surrounding bath. Above the lambda point, there was little flow, but below the lambda temperature, the liquid flowed with such great ease that Kapitsa drew an analogy with superconductors. It was a liquid of zero viscosity. He discovered the phenomenon in 1937 and published a paper about it in Nature in January 1938. He wrote: ""The helium below the lambda point enters a special state that might be called a ‘superfluid.’"" (DSB).Today the theory behind superfluidity is widely used within a broad variety of different subject such as spectroscopic and in high-precision devices as gyroscopes which allow the measurement of some theoretically predicted gravitational effects. In 1999, a type of superfluid was used to trap light and greatly reduce its speed. Light was passed through a Bose-Einstein condensed gas of sodium (superfluid) and found to be slowed to 17 m/s from its normal speed of 299,792,458 metres per second.Brandt, The Harvest of a Century, Pp. 254-7.‎

Bookseller reference : 46897

‎"(PROUT, WILLIAM). - ""PRIMA MATERIA"" FOUND - PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS.‎

‎On the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weight of their Atoms. (+) Correction of a Mistake in the Essay on the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weights of ...‎

‎London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1815 a. 1816. 8vo. Bound in 2 ciontemp. full moiré cloth, rebacked. Endpapers renewed. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. In: ""Annals of Philosophy...by Thomas Thomson"", Vol. VI, July to December, 1815 and Vol. VII January-June 1816. VIII,480 pp. a. 6 plates + VIII,488 pp. a. 10 plates. Some brownspots to plates and offsettings from plates, not affecting Prout's papers. Prout's papers: pp. 320-330 a. pp. 111-113. Internally clean.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone-paper in the history of chemistry and atomic theory as Prout here set forth - coupled with experimental evidences - the theory that the elements seems to have atomic weights that are whole number multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen and that all elements is in some way a combination of hydrogen atoms. The theory announced here in Prout's first paper on the subjecy, is called PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS, and it was ""not until the twentieth century that new views of the atom, arising out of the Second Scientific revolution of the 1890s, revitalized the notion. As a result of the work of Soddy and Aston a new form of Prout's hypothesis was established and Prout was found to be not wrong, but merely a century premature.""(Asimov).""The concept of a primary substance as the basis of all matter has a tempting simplicity which has appealed to thinkers from the classic Greek age to our own day. The idea was revived in a new garb in 1815-1816 by a London physician, Willia Prout, who observed that with few exceptions the specific gravities of elementary gases (i.e., their atomic weight) were evenmultiples of of that of hydrogen. The experimental errors in the data then available were such asto make the hypothesis appear plausible. Prout concluded, therefore, that hydrogen isthe fundamental constituent from which all other elements are compounded....... his idea that all matter is composed of the same material is now established.""(Leicester & Klickstein in ""A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900"", p. 275 ff.). - See also note to PMM 407, entry Moseley The Atomic Table.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1816 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 46918

‎"CAILLETET, L. - RAOUL PICTET - THE LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN A BREAKTHROUGH IN LOW-TEMPERATURE CHEMISTRY.‎

‎De la Condensation de l'oxygè et de l'oxyde de carbone. (Cailletet) + Expériences sur la liquéfaction de l'oxygéne. (2 papers).‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1877. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 85, No 26 (entire issue offered). With htitle and titlepage to vol. 85. Titlepage with a stamp on verso, seen on front. Pp. 1185-1248. Cailletet's paper: pp. 1213-1214. Pictet's paper: pp. 1214-1217. With an illustration of the apparatus in the text.‎

‎First printing of these two milestone papers in Low-temperature Chemistry. This process of liquefaction of oxygene was achieved independently, in the same year, by Cailletet and Pictet, using different methods. Cailletet used the Joule-Thomson effect"" oxygen was cooled while highly compressed, then allowed to rapidly expand, cooling it further, resulting in the production of small droplets of liquid oxygen. Pictet's method was more elaborate, using compounds pumps. (This compound is shown on the illustration in the text).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1877 C. - Magee ""Source Books in Physics"" p. 192-93 (Cailletet) and pp. 194-96 (Pictet).‎

Bookseller reference : 47000