‎Chemistry‎

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - A CLASSIC PAPER IN MEMBRANE SCIENCE BY THE FARTHER OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.‎

‎On the Absorption and Dialytic Separation of Gases by Colloid Septa. Part I-(II). (I. Action of a Septum of Caoutchouc. - II. Action of Metallic Septa at a red Heat.).‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 156 - Part II, pp. 399-439. 2 Textillustrations.‎

‎Firat appearance of a groundbreaking paper in physical chemistry in which Graham describes the fundamental mechanism for gas transport across a polymer membrane. The mechanism is known as solution-diffusion model, and postulates a three-step process for gas transport through a polymer.‎

Bookseller reference : 42719

‎"MARGGRAF, ANDREAS SIGISMUND.‎

‎Essais concernant la nouvelle Espece de Corps minéral connu sous le Nom de Platina del Pinto.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1756). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Annee 1757, tome XIII, pp. 31-60. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of a paper in which Marggraf investigates the newly found element platin, the Spaniards called it ""platina del pinto"", ""the little silver"". It was discovered in 1741 and ""the most distinguished chemists in Europe soon became interested in the remarkable new metal. Among those who published papers on it may be mentioned: Scheffer, Bergman, and Berzelius in Sweden"" Lewis in England: Marggraf in Germany....Lavoisier and Pelletier in France.""(Weeks, Discovery of the Elements, p. 101.‎

Bookseller reference : 42794

‎"HERSCHEL, JOHN W.F. - DISCOVERY OF PRUSSIAN BLUE IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES.‎

‎On the Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on Vegetable Colours, and on some new Photographic Processes. Received June 15, - Read June 16, 1842.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E., Taylor, 1842.). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1842 - Part II. Pp. 181-214 and one double-page folded engraved plate.‎

‎First appearance of a pioneer-paper in the history of early photography in which Herschel announced some of his importent discoveries of the photographic printing processes, the process of photographic contact-printing in Prussian blue, brought to light just three years after Louis Daguerre and Henry Talbot had announced their independent inventions of photography in silver, using metal and paper substrates, respectively. and the photographic properties of red ferro sesquicyanuret of potassium.""This is the first recorded observation of Prussian blue being formed for a photographic purpose by the action of light on potassium ferricyanide, so it represents the moment of discovery of the first cyanotype process, although this name still lay in the future. The significance of this observation impressed Herschel sufficiently to mention it also in his general diary entry for 23 April 1842....""(Mike Ware in ""John Herschel's Cyanotype. Invention or discovery ?"").‎

Bookseller reference : 42843

‎"WOLLASTON, WILLIAM HYDE.‎

‎On the Identity of Columbium and Tantalum. Read June 8, 1809.‎

‎(London, Bulwer and Co., 1809). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."" Year 1809 - Part II. Pp. 246-252‎

‎First printing of a controversial paper in the history of chemistry.""In 1809 Dr. Wollaston analyzed both columbite and tantalite (in the paper offered). His conclusion that columbium and tantalium are identical qwas accepted by chemists until 1846, when Henry Rose....questioned it.""(Weekes in ""Discovery of the Elements"", p.83).‎

Bookseller reference : 42855

‎"BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE LOUIS.‎

‎Observations sur le Charbon et le Gaz hidrogènes carbonès. Lu le 26 messidor an 9 (1801) + Addition aux Observations sur le Charbon....+ Seconde Suite des Observations sur le Charbon...(3 Papers).‎

‎(Paris, Baudouin, AN XI (1803)). 4to. Without wrappers. Uncut. Extracted from ""Mémoires de L'Institut National des Sciences et Arts"", Tome Quatrieme. Pp. 269-318, 319-324 a. 325-333. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper by the famous French chemist Berthollet, published in the same year as his milestone work ""Essai de Statique Chimique"".‎

Bookseller reference : 42891

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY. - THE ISOLATION OF FLOURINE.‎

‎Some Experiments and Observations on the Substances produced in different chemical Processes on Fluor Spar. Read July 8, 1813.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1813). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1813 - Part II. Pp. 263-279. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in the history of chemistry in which he decomposited ammonium salts by heated potassium.""In 1812 Davy,,,,said that fluoboric acid and fluosilicic acid are 'compounds of a principle unknown in the separate state but analogous to chlorine, with silicium and boron', and 'the hydrofluoric acid is a compound of the same principle with hydrogene and water'. In 1813-14 ( 1813 the paper offered) Davy described his attempts to isolate the radical, which following a sugesstion by Ampere, he called fluorine.."" (Partington IV, p.58).""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures."" Another paper printed together with Davy's paper: John Pond: ""Catalogue of North Pole Distances of Eighty-four principal fixed Stars, deduced from Observations made with the Mural Circle at the Royal Observatory."", pp. 280-304.‎

Bookseller reference : 42919

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY. - IMPROVING VOLTAIC PILES.‎

‎An Account of some Galvanic Combinations, formed by the Arrangements of single metallic Plates and Fluids, analogous to the new alvanic Apparatus of Mr. Volta. ead June 18, 1801.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1801). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1801 - Part II. Pp. 397-402. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper in which Davy's states, that the voltaic pile only works under certain conditions, and only when the conducting substance between the plates is capable of oxydating the zink. The principle discovered here guided Davy in designing new types of pile, with elements chosen from the whole variety of known metals.‎

Bookseller reference : 42932

‎"FRANKLAND, E. (EDWARD).‎

‎On a New Series of Organic Compounds containing Boron. Received May 15, - Read May 22, 1862.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1859 - Vol. 152 - Part I. Pp. 167-183. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent chemical paper on the organometallic compounds.‎

Bookseller reference : 42940

‎"CHENEVIX, RICHARD. - A PAPER CAUSING A SCANDAL.‎

‎Enquiries concerning the Nature of a metallic Substance lately sold in London, as a new Metal, under the Title of Palladium. read May 12, 1803.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1803 - Part II. Pp.290-320. A few faint brownspots to margins.‎

‎First printing of this controversial paper in the history of chemistry.""In 1803 an anonymous handbill was circulated among British scientists. It announced the isolation of a new chemical element, palladium or ""new silver"", and offered the metal for sale. Chenevix, believing the announcement to be a fraud, purchased the whole stock. He set about analyzing it with the preconceived notion that it was an alloy of platinum and mercury. After a series of laborious experiments, he concluded that palladium was in fact an amalgam of platinum made in some peculier way. His report to the Royal Society (the paper offered) caused a sensation. Not long after, Wollaston read to the society a paper in which he declared himself the author of the handbill and the discoverer of two new elements in crude platinum ore - namely, palladium and rhodium. About 1804, with his scientific reputation badly damaged, Chenevix left England and went to France, where he lived for the remainder of his life.""(DSB III, p. 232).A paper by Thomas Andrew Knight is printed together with Chenevix' paper: ""Account of some Experiments on the Sescent of the Sap in Trees."", pp. 277-289 a. 1 engraved plate.‎

Bookseller reference : 42943

‎"(PROUT, WILLIAM). - ""PRIMA MATERIA"" FOUND - PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS.‎

‎On the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weight of their Atoms.‎

‎London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1815. 8vo. No wrappers as extracted from ""Annals of Philosophy...by Thomas Thomson"", Vol. VI, July to December, 1815. Titlepage to vol. VI a. pp. (321-)330 incl. 3 tables. Titlepage with a few brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone-paper in the history of chemistry and atomic theory as Prout here set forth - coupled with experimental evidences - the theory that the elements seems to have atomic weights that are whole number multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen and that all elements is in some way a combination of hydrogen atoms. The theory announced here in Prout's first paper on the subjecy, is called PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS, and it was ""not until the twentieth century that new views of the atom, arising out of the Second Scientific revolution of the 1890s, revitalized the notion. As a result of the work of Soddy and Aston a new form of Prout's hypothesis was established and Prout was found to be not wrong, but merely a century premature.""(Asimov).""The concept of a primary substance as the basis of all matter has a tempting simplicity which has appealed to thinkers from the classic Greek age to our own day. The idea was revived in a new garb in 1815-1816 by a London physician, Willia Prout, who observed that with few exceptions the specific gravities of elementary gases (i.e., their atomic weight) were evenmultiples of of that of hydrogen. The experimental errors in the data then available were such asto make the hypothesis appear plausible. Prout concluded, therefore, that hydrogen isthe fundamental constituent from which all other elements are compounded....... his idea that all matter is composed of tyhe same material is now established.""(Leicester & Klickstein in ""A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900"", p. 275 ff.). - See also note to PMM 407, entry Moseley The Atomic Table.‎

Bookseller reference : 42993

‎"POTT, JOHANN HEINRICH.‎

‎Examen Chymique de la Nature de sel Acide volatil de L'Ambre. Traduit de Allemand.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1755). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome IX, Année 1753, pp. 51-72.‎

‎First printing.‎

Bookseller reference : 43019

‎"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF). - AVOGADRO'S HYPOTHESIS CONFIRMED AND EVAPORATION EXPLAINED.‎

‎Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen.‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1857). Without wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd.10, Stück 3 (= Poggendorff Bd. 100, No. 3). Pp. 353-480 a. 1 plates (the entire ""Heft"" (Stück) 3 offered). Clausius's paper: pp. 353-380. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of a milestone paper in the Kinetic Theory of Gases in which Clausius gives the physical explanation for the evaporation of a liquid and presents the first physical argument in support of Avogadro's hypothesis that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.""In the paper ""Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen."", Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) established mathematically that the heat in a gas cannot be accounted for exclusively by translational motion of the molecules and asserts that molecules have rotational and vibratiional motion as well as translational motion. He consequently rejects the contentions the the translational kinetic energy is conserved during molecular collisions and that all molecules have equal, constant velocities. His allowancee for differing molecule velocities enables him to offer a new explanation of evaporation, asserting that he molecules able to overcome the attractive forces of the liquid and ""escape"" to the gaseous state are those with high velocities (and hence high kinetic energies). hence evaporation produces a loss of energy in the liquid and a decreasein temperature.""(Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs"", 1857 C/P).""This 1857 paper (the paper offered) also marked another importent beginning in physical theory, for it presented the first physical argument in support of Avogadro's hypothesis that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Clausius argued that if it were assumed that all types of molecules possess the same translational energy at equal temperatures, then, since all gases have the same relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature, they would necessartly contain equal numbers of molecules in equal volumes at the same temperatur and pressure. Avogadro's hypothesis, therefore, found support in the mechanical theory of heat, independently of the usual chemical arguments.""(DSB III, p. 307).‎

Bookseller reference : 43060

‎VAUQUELIN, (NICOLAS) - THE DISCOVERY OF BERYLLIUM.‎

‎De l'Aigue marine, ou Béril" et découverte d'une terre nouvelle dans cette pierre. Lue à l'Institut, le 26 Pluviose, an 6. (+) Notice sur la terre du Béril, pour servir de suite au premier mémoire sur le méme objet. (+) Analyse De l'Émeraude du Pé...‎

‎Paris, Fuchs et Guillaume, An VIe. (1798). Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Very slightly rubbed. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 26. - 340 pp. a. 1 engraved plate.(the entire volume offered). Vauquelin's papers: pp. 155-169, pp. 170-177 a. pp. 259-265. Some brownspots to the first and last leaves, otherwise fine and clean.‎

‎First printing of the papers in which Vauquelin describes and announces his discovery of Beryllium.""The discovery of beryllium resulted from the Abbé Haüy's observation of the close similarity and probable identity of beryl and the emerald. At his suggestion Vauquelin made some very careful chemical analyses of these two minerals, and found in 1798 that they are indeed identical, and that they contain a new earth, which he named glucina, but which is now known as beryllia. The metal was isolated thirty years later by Wöhler and Bussy independently.....At the suggestion of the editors of the ""Annales de Chemie...."", he called the new earth 'glucina', meaning sweet."" (Weeks in ""Discovery of the Elements"", p. 153-54). - Parkinson ""Breakthrough"" 1798 C.The volume contains other importent papers in the history of chemistry, Hassenfratz ""De l'Areométrie"" + ""Suite..."" 2 Paprs., Berthollet, Chaptal, Guyton, Fourcroy, Priestly (first app. in French) etc.‎

Bookseller reference : 43088

‎"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL). - THE DISCOVERY AND ISOLATION OF BENZENE.‎

‎On new compounds of carbon and hydrogen, and on certain other products obtained during the decomposition of oil by heat. Read June 16, 1825.‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1825). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1825 - Part II. Pp. 440-466. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this remarkable paper in which Faraday announces his discovery of Benzene. Berzelius described this research as ""without doubt one of the most importent which has enriched chemistry during 1825.""""The first public announcement of the discovery of benzene, the greatest chemical discovery made by Faraday. Originally named by him ""bicaburet of hydrogen"", benzene is the parent substance of all aromatic compounds. It constitutes the basis of thousands of organic compounds, dyes, perfumes, and medicinal products, as well as many polymers and structural materials. The discovery of benzene led to the creation of numerous chemical companies and the manufacture of materials previously unknown. This paper is a thourough study of the physical and chemical properties of benzene.""(Neville I, p. 443). - Parkinson ""Breakthrough"" 1825 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 43119

‎"BERTHELOT, MARCELLIN. - THE FOUNDATION OF THERMOCHEMISTRY‎

‎Sur les Principes généraux de la Thermochemie. 1.- 13. Mémoire. (+) Dissolution des Acides et de Alcalis. 1. - 9. Mémoire.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, Imprimerie Gauthier-Villars, 1875. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Wear to top of spine. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. Both works in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5me Series - Tome IV. 572 pp. (The entire volume offered). Berthelot's works: pp. 5-131 a. 141-214 + pp. 445-537. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this collection of Berthelot's famous memoirs on thermochemistry to which he turned his attention in 1865. In these lectures he introduced the concepts of 'exothermix' and 'endothermic'. He also intorduce his famous 3 principles - equivalence between internal and heat changes in chemical reactions, heat evolved or absorbed in a chemical change depends onlyon the initial and final states of the reactans and products, provided no external work is done, and ""law of maximum work"" which says that ""every chemical change accomplished without the intervention of energy from outside tends towards the production of a body or system of bodies which produce the most heat"". The principles of Thermochemistry given here Berthelot considered himself fundamental.""In the 1860s Berthelot was done with synthesis and turned to thermochemistry, the study of the heat of chemical reactions. In some of his work he had unknowingly been anticipated by Hess, but he went much further. He devised a calorimeter within which he could measure the heat of chemical reactions and ran hundreds of determinations. This work along with that being conducted by Thomson threw the science of thermochemistry into high gear.""(Asimov).‎

Bookseller reference : 43164

‎"DAVY, HUMPHREY.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. On the relations of electrical and chemical changes. Read June 8, 1826.‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1826). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part III. Pp. 383-422. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Davy's last Bakerian Lecture.""Davy repeats his theory of 1806 (the classic work on electrochemistry) and describes experiments with a galvanometer on currents from metals, etc. in alkali sulphide solutions, and various types of combinations. If two pieces of copper are introduced one after another into a sulphide solution a current is produced"" he explains this as due to the couple: clean copper/copper sulphide on copper, in the same solution. A similar observation, with two pieces of tin in a hydrocloric acid, mentioned by Davy, had been made by....G.O. Ritter...After some time Davy noticed, the polarity is reversed, owing to the reducing action of hydrogen on the oxide or sulphide first formed.""(Partington vol. IV:p. 72.).""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures.""‎

Bookseller reference : 43168

‎HAGER, HERMANN.‎

‎Untersuchungen. Ein handbuch der Untersuchung, Prüfung und Wertbestimmung aller Handelswaaren, Natur- und Kunsterzeugnisse, Gifte, Lebensmittel, Geheimmittel etc. 2 Bde.‎

‎Lpz., 1871-74. Cont.hcalf. Back a little worn. (4), 636, 646 pp. Many textillustr.in woodcut. Some pages brownspotted. First edition.‎

Bookseller reference : 4321

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - COINING THE WORD ""DIALYSIS"".‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On Osmotic Force. Received June 15, - Read June 15, 1854.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1854) 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 144 - Part I. Pp. 177-228, 3 fine textillustrations in woodcut. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in which Graham coins the word ""dialysis"" denoting the passage by diffusion of dissolved substances as a function of their concentration and molecular mass. In this way he further explained 'exomosis'.""Thomas Graham (1805-1869) studies diffusion in gases and solutions and discovers and names the phenomenon now known as the osmotic force. He finds that certain substances (i.e. glue) pass more slowly through membranes than others (i.e. common salt). He calls the former colloids and the latter crystalloids and introduces the notion of dialysis to describe these observations. The beginning of his famous lecture ""On osmotic force"" with illustrations is shown on the right.""(From Anders Gedeon ""Science and Technology in Medicine"", p. 244, where part of the first page and the illustrations from the offered paper, are shown).Garrison & Morton: 686. (""Investigation on osmotic force"" provided importent information for the physiologists"").‎

Bookseller reference : 43302

‎"BROWN, ROBERT. - THE DISCOVERY OF ""BROWNIAN MOTION""‎

‎Mikroskopische Beobachtungen über die im Pollen der Pflanzen enthaltenen Partikeln, und über das allgemeine Vorkommen activer Molecüle in organischen und unorganischen Körpern"" (Unterdem Titel: ""A brief Account of Microscopical Observations made in th...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1828. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 14, Zweites Stück. (=Jahrgang 1828, zehntes Stück). Pp. 191-306 a. 3 engraved plates. (the entire issue offered (Heft 2) together with the titlepage to 14. Band). Brown's paper: pp. 294-313. Clean and fine. Small stamp on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance in German of this monumental paper in atomic theory and kinematics, as it was the first evidence for atomism that was an observation rather than a deduction from abstract principles.""In 1827 as he was viewing a suspension of pollen in Water under the microscope, he noted that the individual grains were moving about irregularly. This, he thought, was the result of the life hidden within the pollen grains. However, when he studied dye particles (indubitably nin-livin) suspended in water, he found the same erratic motion. This has been called ""Brownian motion"" ever since and Brown could merely report on the observation. He had no explanation for it. Nor had anyone else until the development of the kinetic theory of gases by men such as Maxwell a generation later. It seemed plain. after Maxwell and especially after the work of Einstein and Perrin a half century after Maxwell, that the Brownian Motion was actually a visible effect of the fact that water was composed of particles. It was the first evidence for atomism that was an observation rather than a deduction."" (Asimov).The issue contains other importent papers by C.. Naumann, G. Magnus, Th. Saussure ""Kohlensäuregas in der Atmosphäre"" andothers.PMM: 290 (the English paper from 1828) - Sparrow, Milestones of Science No 31. - Magie ""A Source Book in Physics p. 251-255. - Dibner, Heralds of Science No 156.‎

Bookseller reference : 43318

‎"WÖHLER, FRIEDRICH & JUSTUS LIEBIG - CLASSIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.‎

‎Untersuchungen über das Radical der Benzoésäure. (+) Untersuchungen über das Radical der Benzoésäure. (Schluss). 2 Parts. (Researches on the Radical of Benzoic Acid).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1832. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 26, Stück 2-3. Pp. 193-352 a. pp. 353-496 a. 3 folded engraved plates. (2 whole issues offered having titlepage to vol. 26).). Wöhler & Liebig papers: pp. 325-343 (2. issue) a. pp. 465-485 (3. issue). Both issues clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance (but also in ""Annalen der Chemie"") of these outstanding researches on the benzoyl radical. where the importence of ""radicals"" to organic chemistry is illustrated.""Along with his collegue, Friedrich Wöhler..who had already synthetized urea, Liebig wrote a famous paper (1832, the paper offered) in which he showed, for the first time, that a complex organic group pf atoms - a ""radicale"" as it is now called - is capable of forming a long series of compounds, behaving throughout as though it were an element. THE DISCOVERY IS OF PRIMARY IMPORTENCE FOR OUR CONCEPTION OF THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVING BODY.""(Singer in ""The Story of Living Things"" p. 374).""In their classic paper - which was actually written by Wöhler although Liebig is listed as coauthor - they summarized their achievements: ""...we make the general assertion that as a result of our experiments, it is established that there is a body, composed of three elements, that remains stable in the presence of reagents and that can be regarded not only as the radical of benzoic acid, bur perhaps with slight variatioons, as the radical of a large number of similar compounds.....Incidentally, many of the compounds they first prepared and described (such as benzoyl chloride) were importent in the future development of organic chemistry.""(DSB XIV, pp. 476-477). - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1832 C‎

Bookseller reference : 43321

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS. - FOUNDING THE METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL ANALYSIS‎

‎Ueber einem neuen Apparat zur Analyse organischer Körper, und über die Zusammensetzung einiger organischen Substanzen.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1831. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine with gilt lettering. A few scratches to binding. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 21. VIII,630,22 pp. and 6 engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Small stamps to verso of titlepage and plates. Liebig's paper: pp. 1-42. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First printing of Liebig's milestone work describing the methods for analyzing organic compounds by the ""combustion method for determining carbon and hydrogen in organic compounds, a method still in use. The paper was first published in ""Annalen"" in 1831 (the paper offered). His insistence that chemistry could be applied to agriculture marks the beginning of the practical applications of chemistry which dominated his life.""(Dibner ""Heralds of Science"" No 46). - He notably introduced a method for determining the amount of urea in a solution. This substance is found in blood and urine of mammalss, and was the first organic compound to be sunthetized, that is to be built up from inorganic substances.The work is more often referred to under the title ""Anleitung zur Analyse organischer Körper"", published 6 years later in 1837, this is the case for both Dibner and Horblit. Horblit in ""Milestones of Science"" No. 67, adds that it ""Appeared earlier in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie, vol. 31..(the paper offered) He calls it ""Importent publication of the constitution of organic compounds, with descriptions in detail of the modern method of chemical analysis"".""Organic compounds generally had molecules of far more complicated structure than those of inorganic ones, and methods for analyzing the former quantiiavily lagged. Gay-Lussac and Thénard had worked out a way of burning organic compounds and measuring the quantity of carbon dioxide and water that was formed. By 1831 Liebig had taken this technique in hand and perfected it to a point where, from the figures on carbon dioxide and water formed, accurate measurements of the carbon and hydrogen in the original compound could be obtained.""(Asimov).Dibner No 46 - Horblitt No 67.The volume contains other importent papers Sefström ""Ueber das Vanadium..."" (discovery of Vanadium), August von Strombeck, H. Hess, Humboldt, Sérullas, 2 more by Liebig, Liebig & Wöhler ""vermischte Bemerkungen..."", Gay-Lussac (transl. into German), A. Fresnel ""Auszug aus einer Abhandlung über ...Doppelbrechung..."", August von Seebeck, Hansteen, Rose, Brewster etc.‎

Bookseller reference : 43326

‎"SOUBEIRAN, EUGÈNE - THE DISCOVERY OF CHLOROFORM.‎

‎Recherches sur quelques Combinaisons du Chlore.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1831. No wrappers as extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 2. Series, Tome 48. Titlepage to vol. 48. Pp. 113-157. A few brownspots, but fine. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper in chemistry and medicine as it for the first time relates the finding of Chloroform, which some years later was proved to have anaesthetic effects and was introduced in chirurgy in 1848 by Simpson.Justus von Liebig, Souberain and Guthrie independently discovered Chloroform in 1831, but Souberain was the first to publish his results. - Garrison & Morton No. 1851. - Gedeon ""Science and Technology in Medicine"" 36.7.‎

Bookseller reference : 43365

‎"THOMSON, THOMAS.‎

‎On some of the compounds of chromium. Read March 29, 1827.‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1827). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1827 - Part II. Pp. 159-230. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Thomson describes his discovery of chromyl chloride, which he thought was a compound of '1 atom chromic acid' and '1 atom of chlorine', of chromium chromate and some new chromates.""The principal object of this Paper is to give an account of a singular combination of chromic acid, and chlorine, which I discovered about a year and a half ago. But as the investigation of this compound led me to a more careful examination of the oxides of chromium, and a more accurate knowledge of their composition than had hitherti attained, I shal also state the facts which I have ascertained with respect to these bodies.""(Thomson).‎

Bookseller reference : 43371

‎"BRODIE, B.C. - THE ATOMIC DEBATE IN CHEMISTRY. - ""BOOLEAN CHEMISTRY""‎

‎The Calculus of Chemical Operations"" being a Method for the Investigation, by means of Symbols, of the Laws of the Distribution of Weight in Chemical Change. Received April 25, Read May 3, 1866. Part I-II. (I. On the Construction of Chemical Symbols. ...‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866 a. 1877. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 156 - Part II a. vol. 167 - Part I. Pp. 781-859 a. pp. 35-116. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of both papers, controversial as Brodie here tries to established a new chemical philosophy, refusing atomism and founding the calculation of chemical processes on Boolean Algebra, defining chemical symbols with mathematical terms and notations. The work is a remarkable attempt to set chemistry on a rational deductive basis. - The introduction in the second paper meets the main points raised by his critics.""In 1866 the Royal Society began to publish Brodie’s ""The Calculus of Chemical Operations"" (Philosophical Transactions, 156 [1866], 781-859"" 167 [1877], 35-116) which introduced Greek symbols for the chemical elements to replace the roman alphabet (Berzelian) symbols that contemporary chemists used to represent atomic weights. Brodie’s symbols, however, represented operations on space (volumes), not weights for, besides its revolutionary symbolism, the calculus also demanded an appreciation of George Boole’s algebraic logic, which Brodie had studied after the publication of Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought in 1854. In this an equation such as y = xy is a symbolic statement that y is a subset of x in which the symbol x is an operator on y. Although professional mathematicians like William Donkin and Henry Smith later advised Brodie, it appears that he developed the system without professional help. The principal difficulty about the calculus for the present-day historian and philosopher of science is the need to explain it before going on to discuss it and the difficulty of giving any concise description of it. Boole had developed the concept of symbolic operators in algebraic analysis. These provided a code as to how the symbols were to be understood and manipulated. Brodie exploited this in the idea of a chemical operator, or chemical operations, that he symbolized by Greek letters. It is probably unwise, therefore, to interpret Brodie’s philosophy as analogous to Percy Bridgman’s later operationism. He proposed that if two substances with the empirically-derived weights, x and y combined to form a new compound with weight xy, then x + y = xy. From such weight equations he constructed a symbolic algebra that bypassed any atomistic interpretation.""(William H. Brock in ""Hyle Biography"").‎

Bookseller reference : 43745

‎"DUMAS, J. (JEAN BAPTISTE ANDRÉ). - FORESHADOWING THE PERIODIC TABLE.‎

‎Mémoire sur les Équivalents des Corps simples. Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 9 novembre 1857 et le 27 decembre 1858.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1859. No wrappers as extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Tome 55, Troisieme Série. Titlepage to tome 55, pp. 129-210 a. 1 folded engraved plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Dumas's importent lecture on the chemical equivalents of the elements in which he attempts to prove that all elements is multiples of the hydrogen atom, Prout's thesis.""He also published two papers (the present) in which he tried to develop the view that for the classifications of the elements it was possible to discover 'generating' relations similar to thosee defining the series of organic compounds. The elements could be divided into 'natural families'. The atomic weights of all the members of the same family were linked by a simple arithmetic relationship"" they increased by multiples of sixteen.""(DSB IV, p.247). - Neville p. 397.‎

Bookseller reference : 43466