Ghetto

Ghetto — marelibri

• 44 [With Fold-Out Ghetto Map] Szternfinkiel, Natan EliaszBiblio.com

ZAGLADA ZYDOW SOSNOWCA

1946Best.-Nr. 43546Katowice: Centralna Zydowska Komisja Historyczna 1946. 1st edition. Original printed paper wrappers 8vo 80 pages. Includes seven photos and fold out map of the Ghetto in Bedzin and Sosnowiec. In Polish. Title translates as "The Extermination of the Jews of Sosnowiec." From the series "Wydawnictwa Centralnej Zydowskiej Komisji Historycznej w Polsce" Nr. 25. Wiener Library I: 1352. Published under the Kolegium Redakcyjne with leadership from Filip Friedman & Jozef Wulf among others. "The Sosnowiec Ghetto German: Ghetto von Sosnowitz was a World War II ghetto set up by Nazi German authorities for Polish Jews in the Srodula district of Sosnowiec in the Province of Upper Silesia. During the Holocaust in occupied Poland most inmates estimated at over 35000 Jewish men women and children were deported to Auschwitz death camp aboard Holocaust trains following roundups lasting from June until August 1943. The ghetto was liquidated during an uprising a final act of defiance of its Underground Jewish Combat Organization ZOB made up of youth. Most of the Jewish fighters perished. Before the war there were about 30000 Jews in Sosnowiec making up about 20% of the town's population. Over the next two years the Germans resettled thousands of Jews from smaller towns to Sosnowiec temporarily increasing the size of the local Jewish community to 45000. By late 1942 Bedzin and nearby Sosnowiec which bordered Bedzin became the only two cities in the Zaglebie Dabrowskie region that were still inhabited by Jews. The city located on the pre-war Polish-German border was taken over by the Germans on the first day of the invasion of Poland. Arrests and beatings among more prominent Jews began the next morning. On 9 September 1939 the Great Synagogue in Sosnowiec was burned. Local Jews were being evicted from better homes and terrorized on the streets. Jewish businesses were plundered by individual soldiers and closed by the Nazis pending confiscation proceedings. Shootings and first mass executions followed soon afterwards. Forced relocations into crowded tenements slowly created a ghetto. Judenrat and the Jewish police were soon established on German orders; the head of the Sosnowiec Judenrat was Moshe Merin Mojzesz Merin in Polish. Food rationing was introduced. The Jews were prohibited from buying anything outside their own community. In the first months of 1940 the Zentrale der Jüdischen Ältestenräte in Oberschlesien Central Office of the Jewish Councils of Elders in Upper Silesia headed by Merin was created in Sosnowiec representing about 45 communities. For a time Merin became infamous as the dictator of the Jews of the Zaglebie region with the power of life and death over local Jews. A labour camp was established for the Jews deported to Sosnowiec from Czechoslovakia to work at the factory of the Shine brothers. Numerous forced labour facilities were established for the locals; making uniforms underwear corsets bags leather handbags and military boots. In 1940 some 2592 German war profiteers arrived in the city. By 1942 their number rose to 10749 settlers constituting 10% of the general population. Ever since the ghetto was established numerous deportation actions were organized by the Germans with the help of the Judenrat and Merin selecting healthy men for slave labor at the camps. Large transfers of Jews took part in May 1500 and June 1942 2000. Around October 1942 - January 1943 the ghetto was moved to the Srodula district. Srodula also bordered the site of the Bedzin Ghetto. At this point about 13000 Jews still lived in Sosnowiec. The creation of the Sosnowiec ghetto ended on 10 March 1943 when it was finally closed off from the outside world. Thousands of Jews were deported from Sosnowiec to Auschwitz in June 1943 during the major deportation action extending to nearby Bedzin. The ghetto was liquidated two months later in August whereas almost all remaining Jews were also deported to Auschwitz. A few hundred Jews remained in the Srodula ghetto which was liquidated in January 1944. Frumka Plotnicka age 29 led the uprising in the Bedzin Ghetto adjacent to SosnowiecThere had been considerable underground activity among the Jews in Sosnowiec and Bedzin Ghetto nearby organized by the youth organizations Ha-No'ar ha-Ziyyoni Gordonia and Ha-Shomer ha-Za'ir. During the final major deportation push in August 1943 the Jewish Combat Organization Polish: Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa ZOB in Bedzin and Sosnowiec staged an uprising against the Germans. The uprising which began on 3 August 1943 was led by Cwi Tzvi Brandes Frumka Plotnicka and the Kozuch brothers. It was the final act of defiance of the local population with no chance of success. Most of the young Jewish fighters perished 400 killed in action fighting the overwhelming German forces. The last Holocaust transport to Auschwitz-Birkenau with Jews forced to bury the dead left Sosnowiec on 15 January 1944. Resistance of the ghetto inhabitants is commemorated by one of the streets in Sosnowiec bearing the name "Street of the Ghetto Heroes" Ul. Bohaterów Getta. There is also Kozuch Brothers square Plac Braci Kozuchów with a ghetto memorial. The Catholic convent of Carmelite Nuns led by Mother Teresa Kierocinska aided the Jews in the ghetto and hiding. Kierocinska was awarded a medal of the Righteous 46 years after her death. She was declared 'heroic in virtue' by Pope Francis in 2013. The Carmelite Sisters run an orphanage at the monastery. They delivered free bread to Jews in hiding send food parcels to Auschwitz and rescued Jewish children by hiding them under false names among the Christian orphans. The convent was frequently inspected by the Gestapo on suspicion of illegal activities."Other local rescuers were later identified by surviving Jews and were named "Righteous Among the Nations." Wikipedia. SUBJECTS:World War 1939-1945 -- Poland -- Sosnowiec Wojewo´dztwo S´laskie Jews. Holocaust Jewish 1939-1945 -- Judenverfolgung Joden. OCLC: 769381.Toning as expected Very Good Condition much better than usually found. B HOLO2-63-36B-XLABCCE. Katowice: Centralna Zydowska Komisja Historyczna unknown

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00R [Warsaw Ghetto 1st Anniversary Booklet, From A Participating Resistance Group] Gorin, Sh (?) [Name at end of final page]Biblio.com

YIZKOR. TSUM YORTOG FUNM OYFSHTAND IN VARSHEVER GETO APRIL-MAY 1943

1944Best.-Nr. 43395Shvayts Switzerland: Undzer Vort Poale Tziyon Left 1944. May 1944. 1st edition. Original stapled printed paper cover 4to 2 25 pages. In Yiddish. Title translates as "In Memoriam. On the Anniversary of the Uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto April-May 1943. First Anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising published in Europe during the Holocaust by Jewish "Poale Tziyon Left" members in Switzerland. The organization's name which means "Workers of Zion" is sometimes also romanized as "Poale Zion" or "Poaley Syjon." The imprint "Undzer Vort" "Our Word" was a Left Poale Tziyon publisher in Switzerland which also published a mimeograph newspaper titled "Undzer Vort" OCLC: 232675203 during this same period. A fully underground version of the paper was also published in Nazi-Occupied Belgium see below. Indeed Poale Tsiyon Left was an important part of Jewish resistance throughout Europe most notably during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising which this publication commemorates. "The Holocaust-era Jewish resistance group ZOB was formed from a coalition including Hashomer Hatzair Dror Bnei Akiva the Jewish Bund various Jewish Communist groups and both factions of Poale Zion. Poale Zion was also active in the Anti-Fascist Bloc. Several notable Jewish resistance fighters during the Holocaust particularly those involved in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising were members of Poale Zion. They include: Adolf Berman Warsaw ZOB fighter; Secretary of Zegota Poale Zion Left Hersz Berlinski member of Warsaw ZOB Command Poale Zion Left Yochanan Morgenstern member of Warsaw ZOB Command Poale Zion Right Emanuel Ringelblum member of Warsaw ZOB; chronicler of the Warsaw Ghetto Poale Zion Left" Wikipedia. The booklet opens with the moving story of the start of the uprising: "It has been a year since the glorious uprising of the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto. April 19 1943 - barely a few tens of thousands of Jews left in Warsaw after about half a million of their brothers and sisters were exterminated in the most gruesome way they rose up with organized resistance against the renewed attempts.that they too like the previous ones would be led out like sheep to the slaughter. Forty thousand Jews weapons in hand opposed an enemy tenfold a hundred hundred times outnumbered.Women men and children the high class and the humble. From the beginning they all knew without exception that they would be defeated that the outcome was not in doubt and that the enemy intended nothing but destruction for all of them. But no Nazi expected to fall on such a battlefield. And his was the biggest slap in the face which the proud Nazis.so hated when it was received from these these trampled down these unrefined these scorned these despised Jewish 'untermenchen'" Translated from the opening paragraphs on page 1. The publication later continues with a damnation of the "democracies" who did so little and a holding up of the comrades of Poale Tziyon who are doing so much fighting on all fronts: "The 'world democracies' didn't do anything.to save the Jewish victims and to stop the misery train they issued platonic statements about punishing the 'crimes' after the massacre. The warnings have so far helped little. The.Sacrifices keep growing.The world that is fighting 'for justice' and that is busy with courts after the massacre has not found any means to rescue the few escaped heroes in the ghetto for a whole year. This long eulogy is for dozens and hundreds of comrades who fell as loyal children of the nation and fighters for its working class on the fronts in the distant.north in the camps of France and Belgium. who went from one end of the world to the other - at their wounds and from hundreds of thousands of others - comrades of the Poale-Tziyon movement." page 24. Poale Zion.was a movement of Marxist-Zionist Jewish workers founded in various cities of Poland Europe and the Russian Empire at about the turn of the 20th century after the Bund rejected Zionism in 1901. Poale Zion was torn between left-wing and right-wing factions in 1919-1920; the organization formally split at the Poale Zion fifth world congress in Vienna in 1920 following a similar division that occurred in the Second International. The right wing was less Marxist and more nationalist and favoured a more moderate socialist program and supported the International Working Union of Socialist Parties to continue the work of the Second International essentially becoming a social democratic party. The left-wing faction did not consider the Second International radical enough and some accused its members of betraying Borochov's revolutionary principles although Borochov had begun to modify his ideology as early as 1914 and publicly identified as a social democrat the year before his death. Poale Zion Left which supported the Bolshevik revolution continued to be sympathetic to Marxism and Communism and attended the second and third congresses of the Communist International in a consultative capacity. They lobbied for membership but their attempts were unsuccessful as the internationalist communist movement under Lenin and Trotsky was opposed to Zionist nationalism. The Comintern advised individual members of Left Poale Zion to join their national Communist parties as individuals; at their 1922 Danzig conference these terms were rejected by the party. The Comintern declared it an enemy of the workers' movement. Poale Zion Left opposed the decision by Poale Zion to rejoin the World Zionist Organization viewing it as essentially bourgeois in character and viewed the Histadrut as reformist and non-socialist. Aside from differing attitudes towards Zionism and Stalinism the two wings of Poale Zion parted ways over Yiddish and Yiddish culture. The Left was more supportive of the latter similar to the members of the Jewish Bund while the Right bloc identified strongly with the emerging modern Hebrew movement in the early 20th century. In Poland for a brief period following World War I both factions of Poale Zion were reported as legal and functioning political parties. The Polish Left party was the largest Left Poale Zion party in the world. It worked closely with the Bund in developing Yiddish schools in Poland and supporting secular Yiddish culture although they had political differences e.g. the Bund was more supportive of the Polish Socialist Party than LPZ. As part of the large-scale ban on Jewish political parties in post-World War II Poland by the Communist leadership both Poale Zion groups were disbanded in February 1950" Wikipedia. Interestingly the image on the front cover this distinctive gravestone with "Yizkor" in a specific heavy font was a frequent image for memorials to the victims of pogroms as well as the Shoah in particular for memorials to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. A few examples include: • Hashin & Ben Gurion Yizkor tsum ondenken di gefalene vekhter un arbeiter in Erets Yisroel New York Poale Zion Palestine Committee 1917. Internal illustrated title page • Hurbn Proskurov New York: Proskurover Relief Organization 1924. See image on JHU's online Yizkor Book Exhibit at www.library.jhu.edu/news/2025/06/yizkor-books-traveling-homelands-and-portable-memorials And from another memorial to the first anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: • Tsum Yortog Funm Oyfshtand in Varshever Geto April-May 1943. Ramat Gan: Defus "liga" 1944. OCLC: 63647084. See Nr. 35 in our catalog 215 at danwymanbooks.cdn.bibliopolis.com/images/upload/catalog-215.pdf "Undzer Vort" also published similar underground Poale Tziyon Left newspapers and other materials in Nazi-occupied countries such as Belgium: "'Linke Poale Zion' Left-wing Workers of Zion was a Zionist-Socialist party in Belgium and one of the initiators of the Jewish Defense Committee of Belgium. This committee managed to save about 3000 children and several thousand Jewish adults from the clutches of the Nazis. With his party comrades Abusz Werber ensured the editing publication and distribution of 28 issues of a secret underground newspaper in Yiddish"Unzer Wort" Undzer Vort Our Word which appeared until the Liberation in September 1944 and even after" Werber The Word of Abusz Werber 2017. Note how the Yiddish documents on the cover of the book are similar to our Undzer Vort publication from Switzerland: https://m.media-/images/I/71sWHrhxgoL._SL1360_.jpg. SUBJECTS: Holocaust Jewish 1939-1945 -- Poland -- Warsaw -- Illustrations. OCLC: 233365664. OCLC locates only 1 copy worldwide NLI. Final leaf in facsimile. Paper toning as expected but strong. About Very Good Condition thus. Rare and important. B Holo2-163-28-XX. Shvayts [Switzerland]: Undzer Vort [Poale Tziyon Left] unknown

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