Darwin

Darwin — marelibri

La Descendencia del Hombre y la seleccion relación Sexo. Segunda Edicion Revisada y Aumentada. - FIRST FULL SPANISH TRANSLATION OF "THE DESCENT OF MAN"

1885Best.-Nr. 62338Madrid Administracion de la Revista de medicina y cirugia practicas 1885. 8vo. In contemporary red half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Light wear to extremities cloth-boards with repairs. Inner hinges split. Bookbinder-stamp to front free end-paper. Internally very fine and clean. VIII 725 pp. A landmark in the history of Darwinism in the Spanish-speaking world this 1885 Madrid edition is the first full Spanish translation of “The Descent of Man” and without question the most important Spanish edition of Darwin’s major work on human evolution. “Segunda edición revisada y aumentada” stated on the title-page strictly refers to the fact that this phrase is translated directly from the title-page of the second edition of Darwin’s “The Descent of Man Second Edition Revised and Augmented”. A earlier partial translation Barcelona 1876 was made however only the seven chapters of Part I was translated none of Darwin's footnotes are translated or mentioned and none of the illustrations are reproduced here. The translator states in his "Preface" that he is indeed summarizing much and that his intention is to give a most complete extract of Darwin's main works in one single volume. And since it's necessary to be familiar with "The Origin of Species" he believes that a good way of explaining the basics is to translate a few pages from Ernst Haeckel which occupies pp. ix to xi of said preface. He doesn't specify the source but it seems to be a translation of Haeckel's The History of Creation chapter VII paragraphs 153-161. This present edition edition is unabridged translating the full content of both volumes including Darwin’s detailed exposition on sexual selection racial theory and moral evolution accurately annotated preserving Darwin’s own footnotes and incorporating his illustrations unlike any prior Spanish attempt and being scientifically rigorous following the English second edition directly without filtering through French intermediaries or secondary paraphrases and without reference to earlier Spanish partial versions. This 1885 edition of "La descendencia del hombre" represents a key moment in the Spanish reception of Darwin’s ideas. As the first complete and direct translation of "The Descent of Man" it provided Spanish readers with full access to Darwin’s arguments on human evolution including material previously unavailable in earlier partial versions. Its continued use well into the 20th and even 21st century underscores its bibliographic importance and lasting influence - a major Spanish publisher reused this 1885 translation as late as 2019. In Darwinian thought in the Spanish-speaking world it remains a significant and foundational edition. Freeman 1122c Blanco & Llorca 124 hardcover

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DARWIN, CHARLES (+) ASAJIRO OKA [translated and revised by).Biblio.com

Shu no Kigen: Seizon Kyoso Tekisha Seizon no Genri i.e. English: "Origin of Species". - THE MOST INFLUENTIAL JAPANESE TRANSLATION OF 'ORIGIN OF SPECIES'

1905Best.-Nr. 55802Tokyo Tokyo Kaiseikan Meiji 38 1905. 8vo. In the original full bloth cloth with gilt letteing in both Japanese and Latin characters. Light occassional brownspotting otherwise a fine copy. 4 894 28 12 pp. frontispiece and folded plate with genealogical tree. Rare second translation and arguably the most important of the Japanese translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species" the first being from 1896 and only published once. This is the first translation to be made by a professional biologist. The previous translation "Seibutsu Shigen" was made by a law student which presumably was a contributing factor to the fact that the work primarily was embraced by social thinkers philosophers and politicians to advocate the superiority of Japanese culture and society and military and not by biologist and zoologist. With the present translation Darwin's ideas and theories were finally properly introduced to the people they were intended for: biologist and zoologist. The popularity of Darwin's works and theories became immensly popular in Japan: "Curiously there are more versions of "The Origin" in Japanese than in any other language. The earliest were literary with subsequent translations becoming more scientific as the Japanese developed a technical language for biology." Glick The Comparatice Reception of Darwinism P. XXII."It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." Golley Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology.Darwin's work had in Japan - as in the rest of the world - profound influence on the academic disciplines of zoology and biology however in Japan the most immediate influence was not on these subjects but on social thinkers: ". it exerted great influence on Japanese social thinkers and social activists. After learning of Darwin's theory Hiroyuki Kato the first president of Tokyo Imperial University published his New Theory of Human Rights and advocated social evolution theory social Darwinism emphasizing the inevitable struggle for existence in human society. He criticized the burgeoning Freedom and People's right movement. Conversely Siusui Kautoku a socialist and Japanese translator of the Communist Manifesto wrote articles on Darwinism such as "Darwin and Marx" 1904. In this and other articles he criticized kato's theory on Social Darwinism insisting that Darwinism does not contradict socialism. The well known anarchist Sakae Osugi published the third translation of On the Origin of Species in 1914 and later his translation of peter Kropotokin's Mutial Aid: A Factor of Evolution. Osugi spread the idea of mutual aid as the philosophical base of Anarcho-syndicalism." Tsuyoshi The Japanese Lysenkoism and its Historical Backgrounds p. 9 "Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was introduced to Japan in 1877 Morse 1936/1877 during Japan's push to gain military modernity through study of western sciences and technologies and the culture from which they had arisen. In the ensuing decades the theory of evolution was applied as a kind of social scientific tool i.e. social Spencerism or social Darwinism Sakura 1998:341; Unoura 1999. Sakura 1998 suggests that the theory of evolution did not have much biological application in Japan. Instead Japanese applied the idea of 'the survival of the fittest' which was a misreading of Darwin's natural selection theory to society and to individuals in the struggle for existence in Japan's new international circumstances see also Gluck 1985: 13 265.However at least by the second decade of the 1900s and by the time that Imanishi Kinji entered the Kyoto Imperial University the curricula in the natural and earth sciences were largely based on German language sources and later on English language texts. These exposed students to something very different from a social Darwinist approach in these sciences. New sources that allow us to follow" ASQUITH Sources for Imanishi Kinji's views of sociality and evolutionary outcomes p. 1."After 1895 the year of China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War Spencer's slogan "the survival of the fittest" entered Chinese and Japanese writings as "the superior win the inferior lose." Concerned with evolutionary theory in terms of the survival of China rather than the origin of species Chinese intellectuals saw the issue as a complex problem involving the evolution of institutions ideas and attitudes. Indeed they concluded that the secret source of Western power and the rise of Japan was their mutual belief in modern science and the theory of evolutionary progress. According to Japanese scholars traditional Japanese culture was not congenial to Weastern science because the Japanese view of the relationship between the human world and the divine world was totally different from that of Western philosophers. Japanese philosophers envisioned a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth rather than conflict. Traditionally nature was something to be seen through the eyes of a poet rather than as the passive object of scientific investigations. The traditional Japanese vision of harmony in nature might have been uncongenial to a theory based on natural selection but Darwinism was eagerly adopted by Japanese thinkers who saw it as a scientific retionalization for Japan's intense efforts to become a modernized military and industial power. Whereas European and American scientists and theologians became embroiled in disputes about the evolutionary relationship between humans and other animals Japanese debates about the meaning of Darwinism primarily dealt with the national and international implications of natural selection and the struggle for survival. Late nineteenth-century Japanese commentators were likely to refer to Darwinism as an "eternal and unchangeable natural law" that justified militaristic nationalism directed by supposedly superior elites". Magner A History of the Life Sciences Revised and Expanded p. 349"Between 1877 and 1888 only four works on the subject of biological evolution were published in Japan. During these same eleven years by contrast at least twenty Japanese translations of Herbert Spencer's loosely "Darwinian" social theories made their appearance. The social sciences dominated the subject and when Darwin's original The Origin of Species Seibutsu shigen finally appeared in translation in 1896 it was published by a press specializing in economics. It is not surprising then that by the early 20th century when Darwin's work began to make an impact as a biological rather than a "social" theory the terms "evolution" shinka "the struggle for existence" seizon kyôsô and "survival of the fittest" tekisha seizon had been indelibly marked as social and political principles. It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." Golley Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology.Freeman 719 hardcover

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DARWIN, Charles (1809-1882)Biblio.com

The origin of species sixth edition first impression

Best.-Nr. 47354by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London : John Murray 1872. Sixth edition with additions and corrections eleventh thousand. Octavo modern full crushed blue Morocco with gilt ornamental edging spine in compartments with raised bands lettered and tooled in gilt gilt dentelles marbled endpapers pp xxi blank 458 folding lithographed plate; light scattered foxing a very presentable copy. The first printing of the sixth edition - the final authoritative edition of one of the most important texts in the history of science. The first edition of 1859 a great rarity is described in Freeman as "". the most important biological work ever written.""; Dibner "". the most important single work in science.""; Printing & the Mind of Man "". revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the natural order of things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had been finally established and a vast step forward in the uniformity of nature had been taken"". The sixth edition extensively rewritten by Darwin removed the word 'On' from the title 'On the origin of species' and includes rebuttal of Roman Catholic biologist St. George Mivart's theological arguments in his 1871 text On the Genesis of Species. Printed in a run of 3000 copies it is significant for including the use of the word 'evolution' for the first time in furtherance of Darwin's argument for natural selection. It is the last edition published in Darwin's lifetime and includes extensive revisions and rewriting by the author. The sixth edition includes all Darwin's revisions since On the origin of species was first released in 1859 and is considered the definitive text for what many consider to be the most significant scientific book ever published. The first printing of the sixth edition ie: Eleventh thousand is bibliographically and scientifically significant and is notably scarce in the market. All later imprints are in essence reprints of this edition. Freeman 391 Â hardcover

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DARWIN, CharlesBiblio.com

Collection of 12 original cabinet-card portraits of Victorian notables including associates of Charles Darwin:

1890Best.-Nr. 126612c. 1890. A folding gallery of Victorian eminence An unusual photographic polyptych of 12 cabinet-card portraits bringing together prominent figures in late-Victorian science religion politics and the arts. Presented in a folding red skiver case with gilt-bordered windows and an embossed blue silk lining it includes some of Charles Darwin's closest associates notably Sir John Lubbock and T. H. Huxley alongside Queen Victoria and two prime ministers. Darwin's neighbour and friend Lubbock led the appeal for his burial in Westminster Abbey in 1882. He Huxley and the clergyman Frederic Farrar all served as pall-bearers. Huxley nicknamed "Darwin's Bulldog" was a prominent public defender of evolutionary theory. Darwin cited Farrar's Chapters on Language 1865 in The Descent of Man 1871 and supported his candidature for the Royal Society. Frederick Temple later Archbishop of Canterbury argued that evolution was compatible with Christianity declaring in 1884 that "the doctrine of Evolution restores to the science of Nature the unity which we should expect in the creation of God". Other identified sitters include John Ruskin whom Darwin visited at Brantwood in 1879; William Ewart Gladstone who visited Down House in March 1877 shown with his wife Catherine; and Lord Salisbury whose wife Georgina was among the personal friends invited to Darwin's funeral. Also represented are Sir Frederic Leighton president of the Royal Academy and William Booth founder of the Salvation Army. Booth's ambitious programme for relieving poverty proposed in In Darkest England and the Way Out 1890 provoked a sustained critique from Huxley in letters to The Times in 1890-91. Queen Victoria's portrait is the work of the celebrated royal photographers W. & D. Downey. Folding arch-topped display case covered in red skiver 360 x 135 mm unfolding to 855 mm wide with gilt-bordered portrait windows and dark blue silk lining embossed with a foliate pattern. 12 original cabinet-card photographs approximately 140 x 105 mm each some trimmed to fit the windows. A few light abrasions to case glass missing from Booth's portrait; otherwise very well preserved. R. B. Freeman Charles Darwin: A Companion. T. H. Huxley Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays 1894; Frederick Temple The Relations between Religion and Science 1884. unknown

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DARWIN, CharlesBiblio.com

On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects and on the good effects of intercrossing. With illustrations.

Best.-Nr. 113167London John Murray 1862. . First edition first impression first issue; 8vo in twelves; folding plate woodcuts within the text 32-page publisher's ads dated December 1861 to rear Edmonds & Remnants binder's ticket to rear pastedown bookplate contents partially unopened a few stray spots and tiny marks but overall contents clean; housed in a modern slipcase original plum cloth rebacked with the original spine laid down with some loss from the ends titles to spine and orchid to upper board gilt decorative design to boards blocked in blind coated endpapers corners restored some loss of size from cloth very good condition; 365pp. First edition first issue of this important contribution to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Freeman's variant a with vertically lined cloth and ads dated December 1861. Orchids 'was concerned with working out in detail the relationships between sexual structures of orchids and the insects which fertilise them their evolution being attributed to natural selection. It is therefore the first of the volumes of supporting evidence. It was much praised by botanists but sold only about 6000 copies before the turn of the century' Freeman The Works of Charles Darwin p. 112. Darwin wrote to his publisher John Murray in September 1861 that 'I think this little volume will do good to the Origin' Freeman. In his autobiography Darwin stated that though the preparation of Orchids had taken ten months 'most of the facts had been slowly accumulated during several previous years. During the summer of 1839 and I believe during the previous summer I was led to attend to the cross-fertilisation of flowers by the aid of insects from having come to the conclusion in my speculations on the origin of species that crossing played an important part in keeping specific forms constant. I attended to the subject more or less during every subsequent summer. For some years before 1862 I had specially attended to the fertilisation of our British orchids; and it seemed to me the best plan to prepare as complete a treatise on this group of plants as well as I could rather than to utilise the great mass of matter which I had slowly collected with respect to other plants. My resolve proved a wise one; for since the appearance of my book a surprising number of papers and separate works on the fertilisation of all kinds of flowers have appeared; and these are far better done than I could possibly have effected'. Freeman The Works of Charles Darwin 800. London, John Murray, 1862. hardcover

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DARWIN, CHARLESBiblio.com

The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication

1868Best.-Nr. 2642London: John Murray 1868. FIRST EDITION. Original Cloth. Very Good. FIRST EDITION FIRST ISSUE IN ORIGINAL CLOTH of Darwin's sequel to the Origin of Species including his first use of the term "survival of the fittest". "The Variation was a full statement of the facts on which the theories of the Origin were based. "After the Origin's publication Darwin embarked on two broad lines of research: botanical experiments and studies of variation sexual selection and emotional expressions in humans and mammals. In 1860 he began recycling the early as yet unpublished chapters of 'Natural selection' and studying the osteology of domestic pigeons ducks and geese for a book on how breeders and horticulturists modify species. This was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication 1868. Its two volumes were intended to provide overwhelming evidence for the ubiquity of variation although they would also incidentally answer Lyell and Gray who maintained that variations had not occurred purely by chance but were providentially directed. Darwin showed that breeders indeed selected from a vast array of minute random variations. He gave numerous instances of the causes of variability including the direct effect of the conditions of life reversion the effects of use and disuse saltation prepotency and correlated growth. "The Variation also addressed a key criticism of the Origin of Species: that it lacked an adequate understanding of inheritance. Darwin's 'provisional hypothesis of pangenesis' was constructed to explain how heritable traits were passed from parents to offspring. He supposed that each part of a parent organism throws off minute particles or 'gemmules' which circulate in the body and collect in the sexual organs to be transmitted in reproduction. Because gemmules are received from two parents the offspring develop to resemble them both more or less. 'The child strictly speaking does not grow into the man but includes germs which slowly and successively become developed and form the man' Darwin Variation. "The term 'survival of the fittest' borrowed at Wallace's insistence from Herbert Spencer's 1866 Principles of Biology first appeared in the Variation. It was a partial substitute for Darwin's more anthropomorphic 'natural selection' which many critics took to imply the existence of a 'selector'. Mistaking Darwin's metaphor they concluded that intelligence lay as much behind nature's selecting as behind a pigeon fancier's. Nevertheless Darwin defended his use of 'natural selection' while conceding that he had personified it too much" Dictionary of National Biography. First issue: with 1-line publisher's imprint on cloth at base of spines 5 lines of errata in vol. I and 7 in vol. II. Complete with 32 pages of ads dated April 1867 at rear of vol. I 2 pages of ads dated February 1868 at rear of vol. II as issued and 43 in-text wood engravings. London: John Murray 1868. Octavo original cloth. Two volumes. Handsome bookplate and small bookseller's Foyle's sticker on front pastedown of each volume and neat owner signature in pencil on flyleaves. A little foxing to flyleaf and title of volume 2 otherwise text generally clean. Cloth with only a little rubbing and a few mild spots of soiling. Volume 1 possibly recased spine cloth tight against text block. Spine gilt exceptionally bright. A handsome copy in original cloth of an essential Darwin text. John Murray unknown

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DARWIN, CHARLESABAA

The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication

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DARWIN, CHARLES (+) VLADIMIR KOVALEVSKY (translator).Biblio.com

O Vyranzenii oscuscenij u celoveka i zivotnych i.e. Russian: "The Expression of the Emotions of Man and Animals". - FIRST RUSSIAN TRANSLATION OF "THE EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS OF MAN AND ANIMALS"

1872Best.-Nr. 63400St Petersburg Suscinskiy 1872. 8vo. In contemporary half calf. Spine with wear. title-page brownspotted and back end-paper with annotations and stamps otherwise a fine copy. 2 I-III 3 335 pp. with 18 plates of engravings 21 numbered and 7 heliotype plates. First Russian and first overall translation of Darwin’s "The Expression of the Emotions of Man and Animals" being published the same year as the English original The original being published in November 1872 the Russian translation in December 1872. The Expression of the Emotions "is an important member of the evolutionary set and it was written in part at least as a confutation of the idea that the facial muscles of expression in man were a special endowment." Freeman p. 142. Darwin concluded that "the chief expressiv actions exhibited by man and by the lower animals are now innate or inherited." The work was 'translated from the proofs sent by the author' by Vladimir Kovalevsky 1842-83 Russian biologist and the founder of evolutionary palaeontology. His own scientific works were printed between 1873 and 1877 and according to Henry Osborn Osborn H. The rise of Mammalia in North America // Proc. Amer. Assoc. Sci. 1894. vol. 42 pp. 189-227 they ''dare away'' all traditional and dry European paleontology. That was mainly because Kovalevsky was a devoted Darwinist and adapted Darwin's ideas to palaeontology. Luis Dollo the Belgian palaeontologist a contemporary of Kovalevsky's described him thus: ''No palaeontologist embodies so perfectly our epoch as the brilliant and miserable Vladimir Kovalevsky friend and guest of the immortal Charles Darwin''. Indeed Kovalevsky was a friend of Darwin's and they corresponded extensively. When visiting Darwin in 1877 the Russian botanist Timiryazev asked Darwin about his views on Russian science and Darwin surprised him with an answer that Vladimir Kovalevsky little known at the time was the bright hope of palaeontology. Freeman 1206. unknown

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DARWIN, CHARLESBiblio.com

Proiskhozhdenie chelovieska i polovoi podbor i.e. English "Descent of Man". - FIRST TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S 'DESCENT OF MAN' INTO ANY LANGUAGE

1871Best.-Nr. 56375S.-Peterburg Izdanie redaktsii zhurnala "Znanie 1871. 8vo. In recent half calf with four rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Soiling and damp stain to title-page. Light brownspotting throughout. 2 VII 5 439 7 pp. The exceedingly rare first Russian translation of Darwin's 'Descent of Man' published only four months after the original English. The Russian publisher was eager to have a translation published hence this early abridged edition - two other Russian translations followed later the same year - The present translation being the very first into any language. "The Descent of Man showed that the process of organic evolution propelled by the struggle for existence and natural selection applied to man no less than to the rest of the animal kingdom. It gave explicit recognition to the idea of the anthropoid origin of man. This claim surprised no one for it was clearly hinted at in the great work of 1859 and was elaborated in Thomas Huxley's Man's Place in Nature and Vogt's Lectures on Man. Nor was it much of a surprise when three Russian translations of The Descent appeared within one year after the publication of the English original. Two general ideas represented the essence of The Descent: natural selection is not only behind the physical survival of man but also behind the evolution of cultural values; and the differences between animal and human behavior are differences of degree rather than of kind." Darwin in Russian Thought "The Expression helped lay the foundations for a scientific study of the psychological aspect of the evolution of species. The book appeared in a Russian translation only a few months after the publication of the English original. The paleontologist Vladimir Kovalevskii was the translator and the embryologist Aleksandr Kovalevskii was in charge of editorial tasks. In 1874 Vladimir wrote to Darwin that nearly two thousand copies of the Russian translation were sold." " The Expression deals much more extensively with selected aspects of human and animal behavior than with general problems of evolutionary biology. The Russian reviewers were generally impressed with Darwin's descriptions and categorizations of animal behavior. The Journal of the Ministry of Public Education was unusually profuse in praising the book's content and writing style. The reviewer commended Darwin's impartiality and avoidance of "materialistic trappings." Even the adherents of spiritualism could read the book he wrote without the least discomfort. The reviewer thought that psychologists would benefit from the information the book presented on the "physiological" basis of behavior. Indeed he recommended the book to all readers interested in the scientific foundations of human behavior. The liberal journal Knowledgewas equally laudatory. It noted that the book was eminently successful on two counts: it offered a "rational explanation" of many expressions of human emotions and it integrated the study of animal and human behavior into the universal process of organic evolution. In fact no educated person could afford to ignore it.N. P. Vagner professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at St. Petersburg University called The Expression a book with "great strengths and minor flaws." The volume reminded him of Darwin's previous works which marked "turning points in the history of science." The strength of the book lay much more in its suggestion of new topics for comparative-psychological research than in a presentation of a theoretically and logically integrated system of scientific thought. Insufficient exploration of the physiological underpinnings of mental activities represented the book's major shortcoming" Darwin in Russian Thought In Russia Darwinism had a profound influence not only upon the different sciences but also on philosophy economic and political thought and the great literature of the period. For instance both Tolstoy and Dostoevsky referenced Darwin in their most important works as did numerous other thinkers of the period.Like Strakhov however Dostoevsky acknowledging the significance of the "Origin of Species" saw the dangers of the theory. In the same year as the publication of Rachinsky's translation he lets the narrator in "Notes from Underground" 1864 launch his attack on Darwinism beginning: "As soon as they prove you for instance that you are descended from a monkey then it's no use scowling you just have to accept it."In "Crime and Punishment" two years later 1866 the Darwinian overtones inherent in Raskolnikov's theory of the extraordinary man are unmistakable. He describes the mechanism of "natural selection" where according to the laws of nature by the crossing of races and types a "genius" would eventually emerge. In general Darwinian themes and Darwin's name occur in many contexts in a large number of Dostoevsky's works.'Descent of Man' was transted into Danish Dutch French German Italian Polish Russian and Swedish in Darwin's lifetime. Freeman 1107. unknown

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Darwin CharlesBiblio.com

THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION

1872Best.-Nr. 33920London: John Murray 1872. The Highly Important Sixth Edition with additions and corrections thirteenth thousand the last edition which Darwin lived to amend and revise. This copy with pleasing provenance the copy of Anthony Traill Provost of Trinity College Dublin. Folding lithographed diagram by W. West. 8vo publisher's original green cloth gilt lettered on the spine and blocked in blind in a panel design on the covers original brown coated endpapers all edges untrimmed. xxi 458 pp. A very fine handsome bright and unmarked copy very clean and crisp throughout unusually so. A VERY FINE BRIGHT AND PLEASING COPY OF THE RARE SIXTH EDITION OF 1872 THE GREATEST BIOLOGICAL WORK EVER WRITTEN. IT IS CONSIDERED RARE AND WAS ISSUED IN A QUANTITY NOT EXCEEDING 2000 COPIES. This edition includes an expanded version of "An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species" as well as a table of corrections. The Sixth Edition of 1872 consisted of 3000 copies including three states of the title page reading "Eleventh" "Twelfth" and "Thirteenth" Thousand The Sixth Edition contained a new chapter VII written to address and to refute the views certain other scientists. A glossary appears for the first time and additionally it is in this sixth edition that Darwin used for the first time the word "evolution". The word was inserted three times into the text twice on pages 201 and three times on page 424. 'This edition was extensively revised by Darwin and the new chapter VII was inserted to confute the views of the Roman Catholic biologist S. George Mivart. The title changes to THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES and a glossary appears. It is in this edition that the word 'evolution' occurs for the first time. It had been used in the first edition of THE DESCENT OF MAN in the previous year but not before in this work. 'Evolved' had bee the last word of the text in all previous editions but 'evolution' had been omitted perhaps to avoid confusion with the use of the word by Herbert Spencer or with its more particular embryological meaning. The word had however been used in its transformist sense by Lyell as early as 1832 Principles of Geology Vol. II p. 11. On the verso of the title leaf of the 1872 issues there are advertisements for nine of Darwin's works whereas the 1873 reprint has ten. It must have been in press before November 1872 when EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS came out otherwise the new book would have been added. See Freeman Darwin's Revolutionary Masterwork in which he not only "drew an entirely new picture of the workings of organic nature; he revolutionized our methods of thinking and our outlook on the natural order of things. The recognition that constant change is the order of the universe had been finally established and a vast step forward in the uniformity of nature had been taken." PMM Together with Copernicus' DE REVOLUTIONIBUS and Newton's PRINCIPIA it is deemed one of the three greatest and most important scientific works ever penned. "The most influential scientific work of the nineteenth century" and "The most important biological work ever written" Horblit Freeman. Darwin's elaboration of the theory of natural selection laid the groundwork for the controversy over the evolution of man and with only slight modification by such scientists as Stephen Jay Gould Darwin's ideas remain the umbra under which most current biological research is conducted. Darwin had intended the book to be an abstract of his 'big book' on transmutation of which only the first part Variation Under Domestication 1868 was published in his lifetime. This copy was owned by Anthony Traill whose neat signature is found at the head of the half-title page. Traill was actively involved in politics during the 1870's and 1880's. He was an Ulster Unionist and in 1884 was appointed High Sheriff of Antrim. He was also chairman of the world's first electric tramway Portrush founded with his brother William. He was appointed Provost of Trinity College Dublin in 1904. During his time in the office he carried out many internal reforms. Traill refused to change the University's constitutional position at any time in his Provostship despite pressure. He remained the Provost until he died at the Provost's House in 1914. Anthony Traill. 1838-1914 Provost of Trinity College Dublin. LLD LLB MB MCh MD. Honorary LLD degrees from Glasgow Aberdeen and St. Andrews Dictionary of Irish Biography John Murray hardcover

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