Darwin

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On the Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects and On the Good Effects of Intercrossing.

1862rif. 167295London: John Murray 1862. In support of natural selection First edition of Darwin's first book following the Origin of Species. This monograph on the structure and function of orchid flowers was "the first of the volumes of supporting evidence" for natural selection Freeman. The print run is estimated at no more than 2000 copies and it is the only Darwin title issued by Murray between 1859 and 1910 not bound in the characteristic green cloth. Orchids is "a methodological masterclass in the scientific use of history showing how homologies between flower parts - these had been elucidated by previous botanists - allow us to model past evolutionary events. Throughout the book Darwin showed how natural selection can create exquisite co-adaptations between plants and animals and in so doing it founded the science of pollination ecology. He was even able to make predictions based on understanding that the extraordinary morphology of orchid flowers is co-adapted to the morphology and behavior of their pollinating species. Orchids was the first of the botanical books which Darwin published from 1862 all of which 'exalted' plants and showed how closely linked to animals they are. It appeared in May 1862 and there were probably only 2000 copies printed. Although highly praised by botanists at the time it never sold well" Freeman the public remaining more interested in the controversy of evolution than the details. Octavo. Folding woodcut plate of the Orchis mascula facing p. 18 33 woodcuts within text. With 32 pp. publisher's advertisements dated September 1871 at rear. Original plum fine diaper-grain cloth Freeman's variant b spine lettered and decorated in gilt covers ornamentally panelled in blind front cover with centrally gilt-stamped orchid motif brown coated endpapers. Cloth entirely unrestored and binding tight and square spine sunned extremities gently rubbed inner hinges tender but holding firm contents clean: a very good copy indeed. Freeman 800; Norman 595. hardcover

Peter Harrington · Regno Unito4500,00 £≈ 5396,98 €

DARWIN, CHARLESBiblio.com

O Proischozhdenii Vodov. Russian: On the Origin of Species. Perevel c anglijskago translated from English by S.A. Rachinsky. - "THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL BOOK EVER WRITTEN" FREEMAN

1864rif. 60791S.-Peterburg 1864. 8vo. Bound in a beautiful half calf recent pastiche-binding with marbled papers over boards and elegant gilding to spine. End-papers renewed. Stamp to half-title title-page and first leaf of text. First leaves evenly browned and dampstain to outer margin affecting last 50 ff. A few occassional brownspots throughout. XIV 399 1 pp. 1 plate with genealogical tree between pp. 92/93. First edition of the first Russian translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species" a main reason for the widespread effect of Darwinism in Russia where the theory met less resistance in the 1860'ies than it did in Western Europe. In Russia Darwinism had a profound influence not only upon the different sciences but also on philosophy economic and political thought and the great literature of the period. For instance both Tolstoy and Dostoevsky referenced Darwin in their most important works as did numerous other thinkers of the period."In 1864 S.A. Rachinsky professor of plant physiology at St. Petersburg University produced the first Russian translation of the "Origin". Although not a masterpiece of translation art the book sold out so quickly that in 1865 it went through a second printing. By this time Darwin's ideas were discussed not only by scientists but also by such popular writers as Dmitri Pisarev and M. A. Antinovich." Glick p. 232. Rachinsky began translating the "Origin" in 1862 and wrote an important article on the theories presented in it while working on the translation. This article and the translation of the "Origin" into Russian were responsible for the great success and rapid widespread knowledge of Darwinian theory of evolution in Russia. "Darwin was concerned that the "Origin of Species" reach naturalists across the world but translations of that complicated work raised problems for Darwin. If he found it difficult to make the reader "understand what is meant" in England and America at least in those two countries he and the reader were discussing the "Origin of Species" in the same language. Foreign language editions raised not only the thorny question of translating Darwinian terms but also the problem of translators who often thought it proper to annotate their editions to explain the "significance" of Darwinism. The first Russian translation of the "Origin of Species" 1864 appeared however without any comment whatever by the translator Sergei A. Rachinsky professor of botany at the University of Moscow. Rachinsky had begun the translation in 1862 and published an article on Darwinism while continuing work on the translation in 1863." Rogers p. 485. In the year of publication of the translation 1864 Pisarev wrote a long article in "The Russian Word" which purports to be a review of this translation; the critic complains about the absence of notes and commentaries by the translator. Pisarev furthermore points to several errors in the translation and to numerous infelicities of expression. Acknowledging the importance of the work however and of the spreading of Darwinism in Russia he goes on in his own essay to provide a much more popular account of Darwin's theory and to impress upon his readers its revolutionary significance.Nikolai Strakhov also reviewed the translation immediately upon publication acknowledging the effect it would have. Strakhov however recognized potential dangers inherent in the theory and expressed them in his review of Rachinsky's translation. He praised the work for its thoroughness and rejoiced in the evidence that man constituted the highest stage of organic development; but then he went on to argue that by moving into questions of philosophy and theology the Darwinists were exceeding the limits of scientific evidence. Like Pisarev Tolstoy enthusiastically embraced Darwinism. "The first mention of Darwin in Tolstoy's literary "Nachlass" is found in one of the drafts to "War and Peace". There Darwin is listed apparently quite favorably among leading thinkers "working toward new truth" . Thus by the late 1860's the name of Darwin as a leading scientist was already familiar to Tolstoy and duly respected." McLean p. 160. A fact which is often overlooked is that Tolstoy actually knew Rachinsky quite well. Interestingly it was in a letter to Rachinsky in reply to a question about the structure of "Anna Karenina" that Tolstoy made the famous statement that all Tolstoy scholars and lovers know by heart: "I am proud of the architecture - the arches are joined in such a way that you cannot discover where the keystone is". Like Strakhov however Dostoevsky acknowledging the significance of the "Origin" saw the dangers of the theory. In the same year as the publication of Rachinsky's translation he lets the narrator in "Notes from Underground" 1864 launch his attack on Darwinism beginning: "As soon as they prove you for instance that you are descended from a monkey then it's no use scowling you just have to accept it."In "Crime and Punishment" two years later 1866 the Darwinian overtones inherent in Raskolnikov's theory of the extraordinary man are unmistakable. He describes the mechanism of "natural selection" where according to the laws of nature by the crossing of races and types a "genius" would eventually emerge. In general Darwinian themes and Darwin's name occur in many contexts in a large number of Dostoevsky's works.Freeman 748. See: James Allen Rogers: The Reception of Darwin's Origin of Species by Russian Scientists. In: Isis Vol. 64 No. 4 Dec. 1973 pp. 484-503.Thomas F. Glick: The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. 1974.Hugh McLean: In Quest of Tolstoy. 2008. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danimarca42.000,00 DKK≈ 5619,85 €

DARWIN, Charles; Robert FitzRoy; Phillip Parker KingBiblio.com

Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle

1839rif. 169069London: Henry Colburn 1839. From the Wedgwood family library First edition association copy with the inscription "Wedgwood Maer" faintly pencilled on the half-title of Darwin's volume itself the first issue of his first published book. The prominent Wedgwood family were relatives; he frequently visited their Staffordshire home Maer Hall and consulted them about the publication of his account of the Beagle's voyage. The Darwin and Wedgwood families became intertwined in the 18th century linked by friendships business dealings and a number of first- and second-cousin marriages. Charles's grandfathers were the renowned pottery entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood and the physician Erasmus Darwin and Charles himself married his cousin Emma Wedgwood in 1839. He corresponded with several members of the Wedgwood family about the publication of his volume the Journal and Remarks now popularly known as The Voyage of the Beagle and invited them to read the manuscript notebook of his travels upon which the work was based. Fanny and Hensleigh Wedgwood were specifically asked to provide feedback which the latter gave in a letter dated 20 December 1836 describing it as a "very interesting journal" Darwin Correspondence Project. Darwin also discussed the possibility of his account being accompanied by that of Fitzroy with his sister Caroline Wedgwood. At the time of publication Maer Hall was owned by Josiah Wedgwood II and the rector of Maer parish church was John Allen Wedgwood. We have been unable to attribute the inscription to any one individual member of the family. Maer Hall was sold in 1843 suggesting that this copy was incorporated into the Wedgwood library before this date. These four volumes on the voyages of HMS Adventure and Beagle including Darwin's Journal and Remarks are "famous as the genesis of his theory of evolutionary biology" Hill. Darwin's volume is an outstanding account of natural history exploration describing the fieldwork that ultimately led to the publication of On the Origin of Species 1859. As Freeman notes of Darwin's books this "is undoubtedly the most often read and stands second only to On the Origin of Species as the most often printed" p. 31. Darwin himself would state that "the voyage of the 'Beagle' has been by far the most important event in my life and has determined my whole career. I have always felt that I owe to the voyage the first real training or education of my mind; I was led to attend closely to several branches of natural history and thus my powers of observation were improved" Life and Letters I p. 61. The Journal and Remarks was printed before the end of January 1839 the month Darwin was elected to the Royal Society and so his name appears without the letters "F.R.S." on the second title. Volume I contains Phillip Parker King's account of the expedition on the Adventure made between 1826 and 1830 surveying the coasts of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. In Volume II and its appendix bound separately as issued Captain FitzRoy describes the Beagle's second voyage between 1831 and 1836 to South America the Galapagos Islands Tahiti New Zealand and Australia and other countries. Volume III is Darwin's account of his time aboard the Beagle. The popularity of the latter exceeded its companion volumes leading to Colburn bringing out a separate edition in the same year. 3 vols in 4 vols I-III and appendix to vol. II octavo 225 x 142 mm. With 47 engraved plates after P. King A. Earle C. Martens R. Fitzroy and others by T. Landseer S. Bull T. Prior and others 9 folding engraved maps by J. Gardner and J. and C. Walker 8 bound in and 1 loose in pocket at rear pastedown of vol. II numerous diagrams and tables within text. Rebound to style in brown half calf twin red morocco spine labels compartments and raised bands elaborately tooled in blind and gilt respectively marbled sides and edges brown endpapers. Vol. I bound without half-title. Binding presenting smartly; contents generally fresh and clean occasional neat pencil marginal annotations and small ink "90" to half-titles upper margin of vol. I sig. 2D8 creased and nicked at edge; plates and maps foxed closed tears to latter repaired with no loss and in most cases discreetly faint damp stain along top edge of first map in vol. I second map of same sometime reattached with cloth tape. Overall a handsome set in very good condition. Freeman 10; Hill I pp. 104-5; Norman 584; Sabin 37826. Francis Darwin ed. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin 1887; Darwin Correspondence Project letter 7 December 1836 to Caroline Darwin ref. DCP-LETT-325; 20 December 1836 from Hensleigh Wedgwood ref. DCP-LETT-332. hardcover

Peter Harrington · Regno Unito35.000,00 £≈ 41.976,48 €

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