‎Physics‎

‎"HALL, ROBERT N. & G. E. FENNER & J. D. KINGSLEY & T. J. SOLTYS & R. O. CARLSON‎

‎Coherent Light Emission From GaAs Junctions. - [THE INVENTION OF THE LASER DIODE]‎

‎(New York), American physical Society, 1962. Lex8vo. Volume 9, No. 9, November 1, 1962 of ""Physical Review Letters"", In the original printed blue wrappers. A very nice and clean copy externally as well as internally, near mint. Pp. 366-368. [Entire issue: 361-414].‎

‎First edition of this groundbreaking paper in which the first demonstration of a coherent light emission from a semiconductor diode or laser diode is presented. The semiconductor laser is built upon Gallium arsenide (GaAs) which is a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic. It is a III/V semiconductor, and is used in a wide variety of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells, and optical windows.Later advances and improvements in materials has made the injection laser a fundamental and essential device in many important systems such as DVD- and CD-players.‎

Bookseller reference : 43438

‎"HALLWACHS, WILHELM.‎

‎Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes auf electrostatisch geladene Körper. - [THE HALLWACHS EFFECT]‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1888. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 33.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer paper in the history of the photoelectric effect, as Hallwachs here for the first time showed that metals lose their negative charges under the action of ultraviolet radiation and becomes positive charged. The earliest speculations of the nature of the effect predates the discovery of the electron in 1897 by J.J. Thomson.""This process, which is called the photoelectric effect or Hallwachs effect, forms the basis for the physics of the photoelectric cell and was theoretically interpreted by Einstein in 1905 in Einstein's work on light quanta.""(DSB VI, p.74).""On the basis of his heuristic principle, Einstein proposed the following 'simplest picture' for the photoeffect. A light-quantum gives all its energy to a single electron, and the energy transfer by one light-quantum is independent of the presence of other light-quanta....and he gave several other applications of his heuristic principle...""(Pais in ""Subtle is the Lord"" pp. 380-81).Magie ""A Source Book in Physics"", pp. 578 ff.‎

Bookseller reference : 49813

‎"HALLWACHS, WILHELM. - THE ""HALLWACHS EFFECT""‎

‎Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes auf electrostatisch geladene Körper.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1888. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 33, 2. Heft (= No 2). Titlepage to vol. 33. Smal stamps to verso of title and titlepage. Pp. 241-416 a. 1 plate (entire issue offered ""Heft"" 2). Hallwach's paper: pp. 301-312. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer paper in the history of the PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, as Hallwachs here for the first time showed that metals lose their negative charges under the action of ultraviolet radiation and becomes positive charged. The earliest speculations of the nature of the effect predates the discovery of the electron in 1897 by J.J. Thomson.""This process, which is called the photoelectric effect or Hallwachs effect, forms the basis for the physics of the photoelectric cell and was theoretically interpreted by Einstein in 1905 in Einstein's work on light quanta.""(DSB VI, p.74).""On the basis of his heuristic principle, Einstein proposed the following 'simplest picture' for the photoeffect. A light-quantum gives all its energy to a single electron, and the energy transfer by one light-quantum is independent of the presence of other light-quanta....and he gave several other applications of his heuristic principle...""(Pais in ""Subtle is the Lord"" pp. 380-81).Magie ""A Source Book in Physics"", pp. 578 ff.‎

Bookseller reference : 43537

‎"HALPERN, L. (+) B. LAURENT.‎

‎On the Gravitational Radiation of Microscopic System.‎

‎[No place], 1963. 8vo. Without wrappers [as issued]. Offprint, seperately paginated, from ""Il Nuovo Cimento"", Serie X, Vol. 33. Very fine andl clean. 24 pp.‎

‎Offprint of Halpern's paper on the gravitational radiation of microscopic system.‎

Bookseller reference : 51389

‎"HAMAMOTO, IKUKO.‎

‎The decay scheme of the septuplet in the nucleus 209Bi.‎

‎Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing, 1969. 8vo. In the original stapled wrappers. Offprint from ""Nuclear Physics"" A135, 1969. Very fine and clean. Pp. 576-590.‎

‎Offprint of Hamamoto's paper in which he solves the inhomogeneous differential equations obtained from the Schrödinger equation.‎

Bookseller reference : 51309

‎"HAMILTON, WILLIAM ROWAN‎

‎Second Essay on a general Method in Dynamics. Received October 29, 1834, - Read January 15, 1835. (2 Memoirs).‎

‎London, Richard Taylor, 1834-35. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", 1835 - Part I. Titlepages to the volume present. (2),95-144. Both papers clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this groundbreaking paper in which Hamilton develops the whole of theoretical dynamics by the aid of one function only, his 'Characteristic' or 'Principal' Function. He applies his method to a case of planetary motion, using a system of canonical elements"" (Introduction, The Mathematical Paper of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, xiii). Hamilton then argues that the ""tool of the characteristic function could also be applied to reformulate the fundamental laws of dynamics"" thus the actual motion of mass point in a field of forces, e.g., is found to be governed by equations that are the analogues of those determining the propagation of the rays of light. Hamilton's optical-mechanical analogy, not only provided a new and more powerful formulation of classical mechanics but also, came to form the foundation of the Schrödinger scheme of quantum mechanics, e.g., wave mechanics. "" (Mehra The Historical Development of Quantum Theory)‎

Bookseller reference : 54346

‎"HARTMANN, WERNER.‎

‎Elektrische Untersuchungen an oxydischen Halbleitern.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1936. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 102, 1936. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 709-733. [Entire volume: VIII, 793 pp.].‎

‎"HARTMANN, WERNER.‎

‎Elektrische Untersuchungen an oxydischen Halbleitern.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1936. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 102, 1936. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 709-733. [Entire volume: VIII, 793 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Hartmann's Ph.D. thesis on the electrical properties of oxide semiconductors.‎

Bookseller reference : 49299

‎"HASENÖHRL, FRIEDRICH.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Strahlung in bewegten Körpern.‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius, 1904 8vo. In full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Fourth series, No. 15, 1904. Entire issue offered. Library labels pasted on to front end-papers and stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 344-70. [Entire volume: VIII, 1064 pp + 4 folded plates].‎

‎First printing of Hasenöhrl's important paper in which he showed that electromagnetic energy E, enclosed in an empty box with perfectly reflecting walls, behaves, when the box is set in motion, as if it had a mass proportional to E - also often referred to as inertia of a cavity containing radiation. Since J. J. Thomson in 1881, many physicists like Wilhelm Wien (1900), Max Abraham (1902), and Hendrik Lorentz (1904) used equations for the so-called ""electromagnetic mass"", which expresses how much electromagnetic energy contributes to the mass of bodies. And Henri Poincaré (1900) implicitly used the expression m=E/c2 for the mass of electromagnetic energy.""When Hasenöhrl returned to Vienna he wrote the series of papers for which he is best known, on electromagnetic radiation. of these the most important is the prizewinning essay on the effects of radiant energy within a moving cavity.2Using classical theory he showed that the trapped radiation increases the kinetic energy of the motion, the effect being equivalent to an increase in the apparent mass of the cavity.In his formula h?0 is the total radiant energy in the cavity and c is the velocity of light. Like other similar anticipations, this result was displaced by Einstein's more general theorem on the equivalence of mass and energy."" (DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 50921

‎"HASENÖHRL, FRIEDRICH.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Strahlung in bewegten Körpern. Berichtigung.‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius, 1905. 8vo. In full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Fourth series, No. 16, 1905. Entire issue offered. Library labels pasted on to front end-papers and stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 589-93. [Entire volume: VIII, 960 pp + 6 folded plates].‎

‎First appearance of Hasenöhrl important paper on inertia of a cavity containing radiation. Since J. J. Thomson in 1881, many physicists like Wilhelm Wien (1900), Max Abraham (1902), and Hendrik Lorentz (1904) used equations for the so-called ""electromagnetic mass"", which expresses how much electromagnetic energy contributes to the mass of bodies. And Henri Poincaré (1900) implicitly used the expression m=E/c2 for the mass of electromagnetic energy.""When Hasenöhrl returned to Vienna he wrote the series of papers for which he is best known, on electromagnetic radiation. of these the most important is the prizewinning essay on the effects of radiant energy within a moving cavity.2Using classical theory he showed that the trapped radiation increases the kinetic energy of the motion, the effect being equivalent to an increase in the apparent mass of the cavity.In his formula h?0 is the total radiant energy in the cavity and c is the velocity of light. Like other similar anticipations, this result was displaced by Einstein's more general theorem on the equivalence of mass and energy."" (DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 50920

‎"HAUCH, ADAM WILHELM von. - HAUCHS OG DUMOTIERS GAZOMETER.‎

‎Beskrivelse af en forbedret Gazometer eller Luftmaaler og nogle med samme anstillede Forsøg.‎

‎(Kiøbenhavn, Johan Rudolph Thiele, 1799). 4to. Without wrappers. In: ""Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter."" Vol. V. Pp. 18-27 samt 1 stor dobbeltsidet kobberstukket planche.‎

‎Hauch beviste med dette, af ham selv forbedrede udgave af Dumotiers Gazometer, at vandets bestanddele består af brint og ilt. Hermed bidrog han væsentligt til at indføre den nye kemi i Danmark, anført af Lavoisier.‎

Bookseller reference : 45697

‎"HAWKING, S. W.‎

‎Occurrence of Singularities in Open Universes. - [STEPHEN HAWKING'S FIRST PUBLISHED PAPER]‎

‎(New York), American physical Society, 1965. Lex8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""Physical Review Letters"", Volume 15, No. 17, November 15, 1965. Small white paperlabel pasted on to top to back wrapper. Small blue line in ballpoint pen to back wrapper, not affecting text. A nice and clean copy externally as well as internally. P. 689. [Entire issue: Pp. 687-720].‎

‎Rare first appearance of Hawking's first published paper, published a year before his Ph.D. was approved. It signposted the beginning of the area of research in black holes and singularities in general. Shortly after the present paper was published, Hawking followed up with three other seminal papers, in which he applied the Penrose-singularity (that a gravitationally collapsing star will inevitably end in a space-time singularity) to the whole universe. This resulted in his famous conclusion that: ""Yes, a universe governed by the classical (i.e., nonquantum) general theory of relativity must necessarily have started in a space-time singularity"" (Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy).When Hawking began his graduate studies, there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe: the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes, Hawking applied the same thinking to the entire universe and during 1965, he wrote his thesis and the present paper on this topic. ""Hawking [in the present paper] realized that closed trapped surfaces, in its past version, will be present in any expanding Universe close to be spatially homogeneous and isotropic. This started a series of papers by him, Ellis, Geroch and others on the question of the inevitability of an initial singularity in our past if GR is assumed to hold and some reasonable conditions are met."" (Senovilla, The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem)‎

Bookseller reference : 56150

‎"HAÜY, R.J. (RENÉ JUST).‎

‎Handbuch der Physik, für den Elementarunterricht in den französischen National-Lyceen ausgearbeitet. Aus dem Französischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen vermehrt von Christian Samuel Weiss. Zweyter Band (von 2).‎

‎Leipzig, C.H. Reclam, 1805. Uncut and unopened in orig. boards. Tears to spine. Small stamp on titlepage. VIII,687 pp. and 16 engraved plates (numb. IX-XXIV).‎

‎First German edition of ""Traité Élementaire de Physique..."", 1803. This second volume deals with electricity, magnetism, light, refraction, theory of colour, light and heat and optics.""This book was outstanding for its clear, methodological exposition of physics...Like most of his contemporaries Ha'uy adhered to Newton's corpuscular theory of light and to the theory of that heat was caused by 'caloric matter'""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 45388

‎"HEISENBERG, W.‎

‎Die Selbstenergie des Elektrons.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 65, 1930. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 4-13. [Entire volume: VIII, 876 pp.].‎

‎"HEISENBERG, W.‎

‎Die Selbstenergie des Elektrons.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 65, 1930. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 4-13. [Entire volume: VIII, 876 pp.].‎

‎First printing. Cassidy 1930b‎

Bookseller reference : 49389

‎"HEISENBERG, W. (+) M. BORN.‎

‎Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom.‎

‎[Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923]. 8vo. Extracted from ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel. 16. Band"". No backstrip. Pp. 229-244.‎

‎"HEISENBERG, W. (+) M. BORN.‎

‎Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom.‎

‎[Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923]. 8vo. Extracted from ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel. 16. Band"". No backstrip. Pp. 229-244.‎

‎First printing of this important paper in which Heisenberg and Born applied the quantum theory the helium atom.Heiseberg arrived in Gottingen for the winter semester of 1922-1923, which gave a private assistantship with Born.""Except for semester-long visits to Munich and Copenhagen. Heisenberg remained in Göttingen until May 1926. The period was one of his most productive scientifically. With his colleagues there, he developed the matrix form of quantum mechanics, progressed toward an interpretation of the new formalism, and applied the quantum theory, along with electron spin, to the Zeeman effect, the helium atom, and other old problems. In July 1924 Heisenberg qualified to teach on the university level by presenting to the Göttingen faculty a modification of the quantum rules for the Zeeman effect. The modification foreshadowed the notions of what Born was now calling a future ""quantum mechanics."" (DSB).Cassidy 1923b‎

Bookseller reference : 49493

‎"HEISENBERG, W. (WERNER) und W. (WOLFGANG) PAULI. - ESTABLISHING QUANTUM FIELD THEORY.‎

‎Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder. (I-) II. (2 papers).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1929 u. 1930. Bound in 2 contemp. uniform hcloth. Spine ends a bit worn, cloth broken on fronthinge to vol. 56. (binding not loose).. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel"", 56. und 59. Band. VII,867 pp. u. VII,874 pp. (2 entire volumes offered). Heisenberg & Pauli's paper: pp. 1-61 a. pp. 168-190. Internally clean.‎

‎First appearance of these two papers of seminal importence as Heisenberg and Pauli here laid the foundation, by using a new method, for the quantum field theory, and gave the ""relativistic formulation of quantum electrodynamics in the presence off charges and currents""(Pais). They were the first to attempt a general formulation of quantum electrodynamics by setting up a general scheme for the quantization of fields which they hoped would be applicable to the Maxwell field.In the papers they also introduced what is today called ""gauge fixing"", which from then on are among the precious tools of field theory.""Heisenberg and Pauli thus established the basic structure of QFT which can be found in any introduction to QFT up to the present day"" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).‎

Bookseller reference : 48904

‎"HEISENBERG, W. (WERNER) und W. (WOLFGANG) PAULI. - ESTABLISHING QUANTUM FIELD THEORY.‎

‎Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder. (I-) II. (2 papers).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1929 u. 1930. Bound in 2 contemp. uniform hcloth. Spine ends a bit worn, cloth broken on fronthinge to vol. 56. (binding not loose).. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel"", 56. und 59. Band. VII,867 pp. u. VII,874 pp. (2 entire volumes offered). Heisenberg & Pauli's paper: pp. 1-61 a. pp. 168-190. Internally clean.‎

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER‎

‎Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. - [BIRTH OF MODERN QUANTUM MECHANICS]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Bound in full cloth with library label to lower part of spine and library stamps to front free end paper. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik, 33. Band, 1925"". Front boards very loose and spine almost detached. Internally fine and clean. [Heisenberg) Pp. 879-893. [Entire issue: VII, (1), 950 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heiseberg's seminal and groundbreaking paper which laid the foundation for matrix mechanics and thereby giving birth to modern quantum mechanics"" a theory that states quantum mechanics should be based ""exclusively on relationship between quantities which in principle are observable"" (From the abstract). ""The alternative, which he [Heisenberg] chose in his historic paper [the present] and which led to the development of matrix machanics, the earliest formulation of modern quantum mechanics, abandoned Bohr's description of motion in terms of classical physics altogether and replaced it by a description in terms of what Heisenberg regarded as observable magnitudes"" (Jammer, The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics, P. 197).""After nearly two weeks on Helgoland, Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, where he drafted his fundamental paper ""Über die quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen,"" which he completed in July. In this paper Heisenberg proclaimed that the quantum mechanics of atoms should contain only relations between experimentally observable quantities. Theresulting formalism served as the starting point for the new quantum mechanics, based, as Heisenberg's multiplication rule implied, on the manipulation of ordered sets of data forming a mathematical matrix."" (DSB)Before Heisenberg's discovery the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory was the leading theory. By the early 1920's most physicists agreed that the Bohr-Sommerfeld theory had problems and that there was a need to replace it with a new quantum theory. Heisenberg's main achievement was to replace the idea of orbital path with what could be observed, namely the light emitted and absorbed by the atoms. Because of the unfamiliar mathematics which Heisenberg's new theory used, several physicists had doubts about its consistency. But Max Born soon realized that the laws, which the theory relied on, were the same as the laws, which apply to matrix algebra. In 1925 Born and his student Pascual Jordan published ""Zur Quantenmechanik"" which reformulated Heisenbergs theory in terms of matrices, in the special case of one degree of freedom. With ""Zur Quantenmechanik II"" (or the ""Three Man Paper"") published 1926, Heisenberg, Born and Jordan described the new theory in the general case of arbitrarely many freedom degrees.‎

Bookseller reference : 45483

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER & MAX BORN & PASQUAL JORDAN & WOLFGANG PAULI.‎

‎Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. (Heisenberg). With: Zur Quantenmechanik. (Born a. Jordan). With: Zur Quantenmechanik II. (Born, Heisenberg a. Jordan). With: Über das Wasserstoffspektrum vom Standpunkte de... - [THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM MECHANICS]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925-26. Bound in 4 nearly uniform contemp. hcloth. Edges a little rubbed. Stamp on title-pages. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", Vols 33,34,35 and 36. VII,950"VII,953VIII,954"VII,951 pp. The offered papers: pp. 879-893 (vol.33), pp. 858-888 (vol.34), pp.557-615 (vol.35) and pp.336-363 (vol. 36). Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First printings of these four absolutely fundamental papers, which together MARK THE TURNING POINT IN THE FABRICATION OF A NEW PHYSICS, Quantum Mechanics, also called ""Matrix Mechanics"".""In May 1925, Heisenberg took on a new and difficult problem, the calculation of the line intensities of the hydrogen spectrum. Just as he had done with Kramers and Bohr, Heisenberg began with a Fourier analysis of the electron orbits. When the hydrogen orbit proved too difficult, he turned to the anharmonic oscillator. With a new multiplication rule relating the amplitudes and frequencies of the Fourier components to observed quantities, Heisenberg succeeded in quantizing the equations of motion for this system in close analogy with the classical equations of motion.....in June Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, where he drafted his fundamental paper [the first paper offered], which he completed in July. In this paper Heisenberg proclaimed that the quantum mechanics of atoms should contain only relations between experimentally observable quantities. The resulting formalism served as the starting point for the new quantum mechanics, based, as Heisenberg's multiplication rule implied, on the manipulation of ordered sets of data forming a mathematical matrix....Born and his assistant, Pascual Jordan, quickly developed the mathematical content of Heisenberg's work into a consistent theory with the help of abstract matrix algebra [the second paper offered].Their work, in collaboration with Heisenberg, culminated in their ""three-man paper"" [""Dreimännerarbeit"" - the third paper offered] that served as the foundation of matrix mechanics. Confident of the correctness of the new theory, Heisenberg, Pauli, Born, Dirac, and others began applying the difficult mathematical formalism to the solution of lingering problems."" (DSB).In the last paper offered, the Pauli-paper, he shows that the hydrogen spectrum can be derived from the new theory. His starting-point constitutes, due to Lez, a method for integrating the classical equations of motion of a particle in a Coulomb field. Pauli's paper was received on January 17, 1926, but the main result must have been obtained before November 3, 1925, for on that date, Heisenberg writes Pauli: ""..Ich brauche Ihnen wohl nicht zu schreiben, wie sehr ich mich über die neue Theorie des Wasserstoffs freue..."" Pauli's paper convinced most physicists that Quantum Mechanics is correct. (Van der Waerden).‎

Bookseller reference : 39170

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER KARL.‎

‎Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik. (On the physical content of the quantum theoretical kinematics and mechanics). - [FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 8vo. Contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. A small paper-label pasted to lower part of spine. Very light edgewear. Corners a bit bumped. In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 43, p.172-198. The entire volume offered,. VII,936 pp.‎

‎First appearance of the first announcement of Heisenberg's famous ""Uncertainty Principle"", stating that it is impossible to determine accurately and both members of specific pairs of atomic variables simultaneously, and that the minimum product of the two variables are proportional to Planck's constant 'h' - one of the most important and celebrated findings in modern physics.""Heisenberg's paper 'On the physical content of the quantum theoretical kinematics and mechanics' was received by the publishers on 23 March, after Bohr had returned - and had correctly criticized some substantial points in the manuscript. All the same Heisenberg's work is on a par with his discovery paper of quantum mechanics and represents a most solid contribution to its interpretation. It is THE FIRST PAPER IN WHICH THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS OBSERVABLE AND WHAT IS NOT IS QUANTITATIVELY DISCUSSED IN THE CONTEXT OF QUANTUM MECHANICS. His work marks the beginning of a subject on which volumes have since been written: the measurement problem in quantum physics."" (Pais in ""Niels Bohr's Times"", p. 304).‎

Bookseller reference : 43294

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER KARL.‎

‎Über den Bau der Atomkerne, I-III. (In ""Zeitschift für Physik"", Band 77, 78 & 80). - [""THE TRANSITION TO THE MODERN VIEW ON NUCLEAR FORCES""]‎

‎Berlin, J. Springer, 1932-33. 8vo. Volume 77 and 78 bound in two uniform contemporary half cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spine. Volume 30 in a contemporary full cloth binding with black leather title-label to spine. Volume 78 and 78 with minor wear to spine, internally two very nice and clean copies. Volume 80 with wear to spine and minor overall soiling to extremities. Ex-library copy with library stamp [Bedford College] to pasted down front free end-paper and title page. Internally a clean copy. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen I, Vol. 77:] Pp. 1-11. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen II, Vol. 78:] Pp. 156-164. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen III, Vol. 80:] Pp. 587-596. [Entire volumes: VIII, 837 pp." VIII, 857 pp." VIII, 844 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's groundbreaking neutron-proton model. The three papers ""mark the transition to the modern view on nuclear forces."" (Pais. Inward Bound. P. 413). Shortly after Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons. This introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin.""Soon after the discovery of the neutron in 1932 [By Chadwick], Heisenberg developed a neutron-proton model of the nucleus by introducing the concept of the nuclear exchange force and the formalism of isotopic spin. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics could be applied to the nucleus, Heisenberg showed, as long as long as on did not consider the structure of nucleons. Heisenberg's work served as the basis for contemporary nuclear physics, of fields. In 1935 Heisenberg and his assistants, especially Weizsäcker. Heisenberg preferred to continue the search for a consistent quantum physics, much of which was pursued by his assistant Hans Euler discovered that nonlinear interactions in positron theory, which yielded photonphoton scattering, could be represented by treating the electron as possessing a minimum size, below which the interferences predominated."" (DSB).Heisenberg played an important role in the unsuccessful attempt German attempt to build a nuclear reactor.The three volumes contain numerous important contributions by contemporary physicians.‎

Bookseller reference : 44765

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER.‎

‎Bermerkung zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons (+) Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons. - [EULER-HEISENBERG LAGRANGIAN]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1934 & 1936. 8vo. In two contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 90, 1934 & Bd. 98, 1936. Entire volumes offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine. Pp. 209-23" Pp. 714-32. [Entire volume: VIII, 835 pp." VIII, 794 pp.].‎

‎First appearance of Heisenberg and Euler's important papers in which they were the first to be able to show that Paul Dirac's introduction of the positron opens the possibility that photons in electron-positron pair production scatter with each other. Here they also presented the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian which describes the non-linear dynamics of electromagnetic fields in vacuum. It takes into account vacuum polarization to one loop, and it is valid for electromagnetic fields that change slowly compared to the inverse electron mass. ""Heisenberg preferred to continue the search for a consistent quantum physics, much of which was pursued by his assistant Hans Euler discovered that nonlinear interactions in positron theory, which yielded photonphoton scattering, could be represented by treating the electron as possessing a minimum size, below which the interferences predominated."" (DSB).Cassidy 1934a, 1936a.‎

Bookseller reference : 49191

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER.‎

‎Die 'beobachtbaren' Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen (+) Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II. - [THE DISCOVERY OF S-MATRIX]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1943. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 120, 1943. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's two seminal paper on the scattering matrix, or S-matrix. """"S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's"" (DSB). These papers are ranked by David Cassidy as being amoung his most important.""The outbreak of world war in September 1939 profoundly affected Heisenberg and his career. Still of military age, he was ordered to report to the Army We apons Bureau (Heereswaffenamt) in Berlin. There the authorities asked him and other leading German nuclear physicists to investigate whether nuclear fission, discovered in Berlin a year earlier, could be used for large-scale energy production. Within two months Heisenberg completed a comprehensive report on the theory of chain reactions and their uses, including their use in an atomic bomb. Thereport made Heisenberg the leading specialist on nuclear energy in Germany.In order to continue the promising research, the Army Weapons Bureau designated the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin the center of German fission research. After the departure of the institute's Dutchdirector, peter Debye, who chose emigration over German citizenship, Heisenberg was named adviser, and later acting director, of the institute and its nuclear research. At the same time, Heisenberg supervised preliminary reactor experiments in Leipzig. He also continued with high-energy interactions. In papers written between 1942 and 1944, Heisenberg developed a theory of particle collisions based, as in 1925, only upon the observable properties of the colliding particles. Theresulting ""S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's but renormalized field theories eventually found more followers."" (DSB)Cassidy 1943a, 1943b‎

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